初一下册英语知识点归纳

初一英语下册知识点归纳

play the guitar /the violin/the drums/the piano

play soccer/ basketball/volleyball/football/tennis/badminton

刷：刷净n 刷子, clean v.打扫；弄干净adj. 干净的exercise v&n 锻

行走，步行. work n&v 工作taste v.品尝n.味道，滋味

, never adv. 从不，绝不quarter n. 一刻钟，四分之一，

Get dressed 穿上衣服, brush one’s teeth 刷牙, eat breakfast 吃早餐, take a shower洗淋浴, do one’s homework做作业, take a walk 散步

二、语法点

when=while 当…时

then 然后after that 在那之后

at+时间点/sb. do sth. at about +时间点

for breakfast/lunch/dinner…

睡觉

take a tap 午休，小睡一会儿反：get up 起床

表时间，不可数；表次数，可数。

Some times 几次

sometimes 有时

some time 一段时间

sometime 某个时候

tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels尝起来/闻起来/看起来/听起来/摸起来（含被动意

味，但不能用被动语态）

tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels+like 尝起来/闻起来/看起来/听起来/摸起来像…either…or…二选一

neither…nor…两者都不

连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即"就近原则"。

e.g. Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。

Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。

如主语是代词，不倒装；表位置的副词放

在句首时，如主语是名词，要用全部倒装。

e.g. Here it is! Here he comes.(代词不倒装)

Here is your ticket. Here comes the bus. （名词倒装）

◆Unit7 It’s raining!

1．构词知识：

1)名词后缀：-er,如，singer 2)形容词后缀：-ful 如，beautiful

-or,如actor -ing 如，boring

-ing, 如meeting -ous 如，dangerous

-tion 如direction -ly 如，friendly

3)副词后缀：-ly 如，really

4)数词后缀：-teen 如，thirteen

-ty 如，thirty

-th 如，fourth

2．Until的用法：

Until 和till的意义相同，都有“直到”，“直到．．．才＂，＂在．．．以前不＂的意思．它们的使用方法为：

1)作介词: 作介词，后面通常接表时间的名词或短语．如We are back until/till３o’clock.三

点种我们才回来．

2)作连词：作连词时，until和till引导时间状语从句．如Go along this road until you see

the park沿着这条路走，直到你看到公园为止。

【注意】１）以上的状语从句的例句都是从句在主句之后，如果把从句放在主句之前，那么，引导词用till.如Till you come back, I won’t leavehere.直到你回来我才回离开这。

２）主句的动作是终止性的，要用not…until／till句型。

５．“违反规矩“的现在进行时态

1)现在进行时比哦按时目前这一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。而说话时并不

一定正在进行。如Is Tom working hard this term?汤姆这学期学习用功吗？

They are working on the farm these days.这些日子他们在农场劳动。

2)表示往返或位置转移的动词，如come,go,leave, stay, start, arrive等构成的现在进行时，可

表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作。这些动词还可以和表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow, next week, next year等连用。

They are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.明天他们要动身去北京。

３）现在进行时与always, often 等词相结合，也可表示习惯的，经常重复的动作。意思是“老是”，“总是”。此时常带有一定的感情色彩，如：埋怨，赞赏等。如

Mary is always talking about her son.玛利总是谈论她的儿子。

3.关于how 的用法

1)How作“（指程度）多少”“（方法）怎样”“多么”讲，为副词。

2）how 的感叹句的构成：How + 形容词+主语+be动词！

How+副词+主语+谓语动词！

3）how many 多少（对可数名词的数量提问，其后接名词复数）

How many days are there in a year?

4) how much 多少（钱）（对不可数名词的数量提问，其后接不可数名词）

How much water is there in the cup?

How much are these pants?

5) how often多久（对表示频度副词的时间状语提问）

How often do you go there? Once a month.

6)how old多大岁数（对年龄提问）

How old is your grandfather? He is sixty-five.

7)how soon多久（用于将来时）

How soon are you back? In a week.

Unit 8 Is there a post office near here?

Section A 1a - 1c

【学习过程】：There be 句型

结构：There be+sb/sth +地点在某地有某人或某物（there 是引导词，没有词义；be 是谓语动词；某人/物是主语，地点作状语，多为介词短语）

eg.There is a bank in the neighborhood.

(2)There be 句型的谓语动词be 在人称和数上应以后面的第一个名词保持一致。

如果后面的名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用is.

There is some salad on the table .

如果后面的名词是可数名词复数，be 动词用are.

There are some students in the classroom.

(3)如果There be 句型中有多个名词，be 动词通常与第一个名词保持人称和数的一致。There is a boy and two girls in the room.

(4)There be 句型的一般疑问句：将be 动词提到句首。

肯定回答：Yes，there is /are

否定回答：No，there isn’t/aren’t

--Is there a bank near here?

--Yes, there is ./No ,there isn’t.

(5)There be 句型的否定句：在be 后加not.

There is a post office near hear.

There isn’t a post office near hear.

(5)There be 句型与have/has 的区别：

*There be 句型表示客观存在;have/has 表示主观拥有

*There be 句型不能与have/has 连用。

Section A2a-2d

1.方位介词的用法：

*across from …在……对面，后接地点名词或代词。

There is a bank______ ______(在对面) the library.

*next to 在…..旁边，靠近……后接地点名词或代词。

(1)The pay phone is ______ ______(紧挨着) the library.

*between…and…在…和…之间（两者之间）

( )She is sitting ______Lily and Lucy.

A.near

B.next to

C.between

D.across from

*in front of 在……前面（范围之外）

*in the front of 在…..前面（范围之内）

2.pay v支付，付钱

*pay for +物“付钱买某物”

*pay + 钱+for +物“付多少钱买某物

She pays 5 yuan for the books.

4.Excuse me 打扰了，对不起

用法：因询问事情，打扰别人而表示歉意时的用语，常用在问路之前。sorry 对不起因做错事，说错话时向别人道歉时的用语。

( )--______,could you tell me the way to the bank?

A.Hello

B.Excuse me

C.Hi

D.Sorry

Section A Grammar Focus-3c

3.Where +be+地点“….在哪儿“

( )“_______ is the hotel?”“It’s near the bank”

A.How

B.Who

C.Where

D.What

2.busy adj 忙的

be busy doing sth=be busy with sth 忙于做某事

He is busy _____(do) his homework.

3..enjoy v 喜欢–enjoyable adj高兴的

enjoy sth 喜欢某物enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事

enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time 玩得高兴

Section B1a-1e

【学习过程】：

I、语言导学

1.turn v 转动turn right /left 向右转/左转

It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事

It’s down Bridge Street____ _____ _____(向右拐).

2.on the right/left 在右边/左边

( )The hotel is down Bridge Street ____the right.

A.in

B.on

C.at

D.to

3.You’re welcome 不客气当别人向你道谢时的应答语。

表示不用谢的用语还有：That’s all right /Not at all /It’s a pleasure.

4.the way to +地点去….的路

Can you tell me the way to the post office?

5.take a walk =have a walk 散步

( )--Let’s _____. –All right .

A.take a walk

B.take walk

C.to take walk

D.to take a walk

6.interest n 兴趣

interesting adj 有趣的（指物，做表语/定语,主语是物）

That book is _______(interest) .

That is an ________(interest) book.

interested adj 感兴趣的（指人，主语是人）

be interested in 对…..感兴趣

I am ____________(interest) in English.

7.take a taxi 乘出租车

She __________(乘出租车) t o school on Friday

8.welcome to +地点欢迎到某地来

Welcome ____my birthday party.

Section B2a-2c

【学习过程】：

1.cross = go across 穿过（指从物体的表面穿过，如马路）

through 穿过（指物体的中间穿过）

（1）I often take a walk _______ the park on Second Avenue.

A.across

B.through

C.pass

D.cross

(2)Go ______(cross) the bridge and you’ll find it on the left.

2.let sb do sth 让某人做某事

Let me ________(help) you.

let’s do sth 让我们一起做某事

Let’s ________(go) to school.

unit 9 What does he look like?

知识点:

一、一般现在时的用法:

l. 表示经常或者反复发生的动作. 如: 我每天吃午饭. I have lunch every day.

还表示现在存在的一种状态. 如：我姐姐是一位老师．My sister is a teacher.

一般现在时态经常与often（经常）sometimes（有时）always（总是）usually（通常）等副词连用，也经常与every day（每天）, every week（每周）, every month（每月）, every term （每学期）, every year（每年）, once a week （一周一次），twice a year（一年两次）等时间状语连用。

一般现在时态分为be 动词的一般现在时和实义动词的一般现在时。

1）be动词包括am，is，are.中文为"是"，这三个词的用法要随着主语的变化而变化。"am" 用于第一人称单数（I）; "is" 用于第三人称单数（he，she，it）; "are "用于第一人称复数（we），第二人称单数和复数(you), 第三人称复数（they）。可以记住以下顺口溜：am管"我"，is管"，她，它，他"，are管"大家"。

2）一般疑问句和否定句变法：

a）如果句子的动词是be 动词"am is are"

变为疑问句时,把be 动词"am，is，are" 放在句首,回答时也要使用be动词；变为否定句时,把表示否定的not 放在"am is are" 的后面, 其中可以简写为：is not-- isn't ；are not---- aren't；am not 没有简写形式。.

b）如果句子的动词不是be 动词"am is are" 而是其他实义动词, 疑问句和否定句要借助于助动词"do"或者"does"，也就是说be 动词和实义动词原形不能同时使用。这里的"do"，"does" 本身没有什么意义，只是帮助构成疑问句和否定句. "do"和"does"的使用要随着人称的变化而变化：1）当主语是第三人称单数时，肯定句为：主语+动词的s形式+宾语

否定句为：主语+助动词doesn't+动词原形+宾语疑问句为：Does+主语+动词原形+宾语

肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词does.

注：第三人称单数用了does 后面用动词原形.

2)当主语不是第三人称单数时，肯定句为：主语+动词原形+宾语;否定句为：主语+助动词don't+动词原形+宾语;疑问句为：Do+主语+动词原形+宾语

肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词do.

二、一般现在时，第三人称单数作主语时，动词的变化规则。

1）一般在动词后加-s词尾。如，come-comes live-lives

2）在以ch, sh ,s, x, 或o结尾的词后要加-es, 如，

teach-teaches catch-catches wish-wishes wash-washes

miss-misses guess-guesses mix-mixes fix-fixes

go-goes do-does

3）以“辅音+y”结尾的词，先变y为I 再加es,如，

Try-tries study-studies reply-replies fly-flies

三、look的用法

1)look like看起来象，其中like 是介词。如，He looks like his father.

2)look at看。。如，Look at the blackboard.

3)look the same看起来很像。如，Lucy and Lily look the same.

4)look for寻找.如，They are looking for the lost child.

5)look over（医生）检查The doctor is looking over the old woman.

6)Look up抬头看；（在词典或参考书中）查找He’s looking up at the picture.

四. 词语辨析

1．stop doing sth停止做某事；stop to do停下来去做某事

2．remember to do sth 记着要去做某事；remember doing sth.记着（已经）做过某事;remember sth/sb记得某物或某人

3．复合形容词构词法

1)形容词+动词-ing,如，Our teacher is easy-going.

2)名词+过去分词，如，This is a man-made satellite.

3)数词+名词（单数），如，a ten-year-old boy

【注意】复合形容词中的名词要用单数。

4)数词+名词（+ed）如，a three-legged table一张三条腿的桌子。

5)形容词+名词如，This is a full-time job.

6)形容词+名词（+ed）如，He’s a warm-hearted person.

4. Wear意为“穿着，戴着”，表示穿，戴的状态。而put on意思为“穿上，戴上”，表示穿，戴的动作。

5．a little和a bit都可以用来修饰不可数名词，作定语。a bit在修饰名词时必须在后面加上介词of，如，a bit of water一点水，而用a little则说成a little water

Unit 10 I’d like some noodles

知识要点：

1. would like“想要”，相当于want, 用法亦同want，但比want委婉。

1）want/would like sth. 想要某物I’d like some noodles

2）want/would like to do sth. 想要做某事I’d like to play the piano 我想要弹钢琴。

3）want/would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事

I would like him to help me. 我想要他帮助我。

4）What would sb. like? 某人想要什么？

What would they like? They would like some noodles.

他们想要什么？他们想要一些面条。

5）What would sb. like to do? 某人想要做什么？

What would they like to have? They would like to have some noodles.

他们想要吃什么？他们想要吃一些面条。

6）would you like sth. 你想要某物吗？（委婉地询问对方的要求时的用语）

肯定回答：Yes, please.

否定回答：No, thanks.

Would you like some more food? 你想再要些食物吗？

Yes, please. 想要，谢谢。

No, thanks. 不用了，谢谢。

7) Would you like to do sth？你想要/愿意做某事吗？（向对方有礼貌地提出建议或邀请）

肯定回答：Yes, I’d like/love to. 是的，我愿意。

否定回答：Sorry, + 原因。

Would you like to go shopping with us? 你想要/愿意和我们一起去购物吗？

Yes, I’d like/love to. 是的，我愿意。

Sorry, I have a lot of homework to do.

2. noodle “面条”，可数名词，复数noodles。

3.What kind of….would you like?你想要那种……？

What kind of noodles would you like?你想要那种面条？

Beef and tomato noodles, please.

kind

1)种类①a kind of．．．．一种．．．．．．②many kinds of．．．．多种．．．．．③all kinds

of．．．．各种各样的．．．．．．

2)仁慈的，和蔼的，好意的，友爱的

①He is a kind man.

②He is kind to everyone.他与人为善。

③It’s very kind of you to help me.

3)kind of + adj/adv 稍微/有几分……(相当于a little) He is kind of /a little shy.

4. special

1) n. 特色/价商品，可数名词。

2）adj. 特殊的，特别的，专门的Today is a special day. 今天是特别的日子。

5. What size…..“多大……”

①What size bowl of noodles would he like? 他想要多大碗的面条？

He’d like a small/medium/large bowl of noodles.他想要一个小/中/大碗面条。

②What size shoes do you wear? 你穿多大号的鞋？

I wear size 40. 我穿42码的鞋。

6. fish 鱼；鱼肉

1）指多少条“鱼”，为可数名词。复数：fish或fishes，通常用复数fish.

2) 指多少种“鱼”，为可数名词。复数：fishes

3）指“鱼肉”，为不可数名词。

There’re hundreds of fish in the pool. 在这水池里有几百条鱼。

There’re all kinds of fishes in the lake. 这个湖里有各种各样的鱼。

Help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃些鱼。

7. 英语中表示食物的一些词的特殊用法

1）beef, fish, chicken, pork, meat, mutton等表示肉类的食物，是不可数名词。

2）vegetable蔬菜，可数名词

3）fruit, salad, ice cream, food等指总称时是不可数名词，指种类时是可数。

4）cabbage, onion, fish, chicken指食物时是不可数名词，指植物和活着的“鱼”“鸡”时是可数名词。Unit 11 How was your school trip？

一、知识点讲解

1、What else did you do?

else adv. “另外，其他”，置于疑问副词(what;who;where;when)之后；

adj. “其他的，别的”，置于疑问副词或不定代词(something;anything;nothing)之后。

eg：Would you like anything else?

Where else shall we go?

2、Class 9 have a great time on the school trip.

(1) have a great = have a good /nice/wonderful time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴

Did you have a great /good /nice/wonderful time last Sunday?

= Did you have fun last Sunday?

= Did you enjoy yourselves last Sunday?

(2) on…trip 在……旅行期间，on表示“进行，从事于……”。

He is on a trip in America.

【拓展】on的用法：

①在……上（接触表面）

The book is on the desk.

②以……的方式

He often goes to work on his bike.

③在……时间（指具体的某天或某天的早上、中午、晚上）

It happened on the morning of May 1st.

④关于（专著性的）……

This book is on/about science.

3、Then they watched a dolphin show.

(1) n.表演；演出；展览

a picture/fashion show

⑵v. 给……看；领；带show sb sth = show sth to sb

He showed all his friends hia pictures.

= He showed his pictures to all his friends.

4、At the end of the day, the science teacher was very happy because the class monitor cleaned the bus after the

trip.

at the end of 在……的结尾

in the end = at last = finally 最后

eg：at the end of the street

at the end of this year

In the end, we were very tired.

5、Sleep.

⑴ v. 睡觉，过去式为slept。

eg：He slept 8 hours.

⑵ n. 睡眠

eg：fall into a deep sleep

go to sleep

【拓展】

sleeping adj. 睡着的；熟睡的

eg：There ia a sleeping baby in the bed.

sleepy adj. 困倦的

eg：I feel sleepy after a long walk.

6、Did you have fun camping?

eg：have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心

They had fun singing and dancing in the party last night.

7、Uncle Martin put some of his old things out in the yard and had a yard sale.

⑴put sth out 把某物拿出来

eg：It’s dangerous to put out your hand now.

⑵ some of / one of ……的一些/……中的一个

eg：Some of my friends like singing.

⑶ have a yard sale 进行了一场旧货出售

eg：on/for sale

8、However, no one came to the sale because the weather was so bad.

⑴ however转折连词，通常都是单独一个词，后面加逗号隔开。

eg：He wants to come. However, he is ill.

⑵ no one 意为“没有人”，做主语时，看做是第三人称单数，后面不能跟of短语。

eg：No one wants to solve this problem.

Unit12 What did you do last weekend?

1.一般过去时态精讲

1)用法: ①过去某个时间发生的动作例：His mother made a cake yesterday.

②过去某个时间存在的状态例：Jim was 12 years old.

③过去经常或反复发生的动作例：He often went to swim when he was a child.

2）.与一般过去时连用的时间状语常见的有：Yesterday, last night, in 1990, once, two days ago, the day before yesterday , the other day 几天前

3）.

4）.动词的过去式和过去分词的规则变化

①一般在动词词尾加ed 例: want →wanted

②以e结尾的动词，只加d 例: live →lived

③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i，再加ed 例: study →studied

④以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这一辅音字母，再加ed

例: stop →stopped

5）．不规则动词过去式：

am,is--was, are--were, do--did, see--saw, say-said, give-gave,

get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took,

run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, fly-flew,

make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank,

ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat

2. –你上个周末做了什么？(did引导，动词还原)

last Sunday morning (前不用冠词)

3. –Tina的周末怎么样？’s weekend?

--它很棒：It was great. It was not bad. –它很糟糕：It was terrible.

4.

It’

+spend+

+spend+时间

6.

如：你怎么样？

7. 常用do, does, did, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t代替前文提到的动词。

(1) – Who cleaned the room? -- Mike ________.

A. was

B. does

C. is

D. did

(2) I don’t think he is so great, but my mother _______.

(3) Peter visited his English teacher this morning, but Tony _______.

A. isn’t

B. wasn’t

C. doesn’t

D. didn’t

(4) I like Sports News very much. – _______.

A. I like, too

B. I do, too

C. I don’t like, either

D. I don’t, either

8. 去爬山：爬山：

去购物：go shopping

去看电影：go to the movies

去散步：go for a walk 散步：take a walk

去图书馆：go to the library 去城市图书馆：go to the city library

9. 待在家里：

10.

11. 举行派对：举行晚会：

12. 阅读：do some reading

13. 去海滩：go to the beach (beach变复数+es)

14.

15. (此处的have翻译为“度过”)

16. (此处的about翻译为“关于”，= on)

17.

18. 乘车去某地：前无其他单词，“乘”用by)

(car in)

19. (1) last 最后的；在最后一张照片里：

(2) last 上一个；上个星期：last month 去年：last year

20. (1) spend 度过；

(2) spend 花费；

21. (1) for 对…来说；

(2) for 为，给；