核能专业英语
第一课
词汇：
?Concept概念, conception概念, conceive构想、理解
?Isotope同位素, isomer同质异能素
?element, atom, nucleus, nucleon
–element, elements,
–molecule, molecules, molecular
–atom, atoms, atomic,
–nucleus['nju:kli?s，'nu:kli?s]原子核?, nuclei, nuclear,
–nucleon['nju:kli?n]核子, nucleons, nucleonic核子的
–particle, particles,
?fissile易裂变的, fissionable可以发生裂变的
?fertile可裂变的，fertile materials增殖材料
?fission, fusion, decay
?inner, innermost / outer, outermost
?chain reaction
?fragment碎片
Expression：
?times
–A is ten times B.
?varies inversely as
?E equals m times c squared. E = mc2
?the n-th power of a: an
?result in / result from
?is accompanied by / correspond to
?The discovery of fission was made in Germany in 1938 by Hahn......
?Be composed of 由…组成
?Binding energy 结合能
?Discrete excited states 不连续的激发态
?Electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射
?Ev：electron-volt
?Conservation of mass/energy 质量/能量守恒
练习：
?电子带负电，质子带正电。
?Electron is negatively charged，proton is positively charged。
?在任何质量变化的反应中，质量的减少与能量的释放相伴，而质量的增加与能量的吸收相随。
?In any reaction in which mass changes，a decrease of mass is accompanied by the release of energy，and an increase of mass corresponds to the absorption of energy。
?电荷间的静电斥力与它们之间距离的平方成反比。
?The force of electrostatic repulsion between like charges varies inversely as the square of their separation。
?通常，原子核存在于能量为基态的平衡态或者说稳定的条件下。
?Normally atomic nuclei exist in an equilibrium or stable condition known as their ground state of energy。
?原子的质量并不等于组成它的粒子质量之和。
?The mass of atom is not equal to the sum of the masses of its constituent particles。
?E=mc2：E is equal to m times c squared。
?1u = ×10-27kg One u equals times 10 to minus 27 kg。
第二课
词汇：
?Qualitative定性的, quantitative定量的
?matter exposed to beta particles暴露在β粒子中的物质
?in addition to ......除了
?in competition with与什么竞争
?present no shielding problem不产生防护问题
?cross section截面
?special theory of relativity狭义相对论
?potential scattering势散射
?principle原则、主义, principal首要的、主要的
?compound nucleus formation复合核的产生(deformation 变形) ?ionization 电离
?irradiate 辐照
?spectrum of energies 能谱
?transition 转换transmit 传输，传导
练习：
?有一种辐射叫做韧致辐射。
?There is a kind of radiation called bremsstrahlung。
?除了X射线辐射以外，有一种辐射叫做韧致辐射。
?In addition to the X-rays，there is another radiation called bremsstrahlung。
?除了由电子变换轨道引起的X射线辐射以外，还有一种类似的辐射叫做韧致辐射。
?In addition to the X-rays due to the transitions in the electronic orbits，a similar radiation called bremsstrahlung produced。
?γ光子与物质的相互作用
?Gamma ray interactions with matter。
?光电效应，康普顿散射，电子对效应。
?Photoelectric Effect，Photon-electron Scattering(Compton Effect)，Electron-Positron Pair production
?γ光子与物质的相互作用包括光电效应，康普顿散射和电子对效应。
?The interactions between Gamma ray and matter include Photoelectric Effect、Compton Effect and pair production。
?与结合能相比，
?In comparison with the energy of binding of the structure
?入射能量越高，其作用效果就越明显。
?The higher is the energy of projectile，the greater is the effect。
?与结合能相比，入射能量越高，其作用效果就越明显。
?The higher the projectile energy in comparison with the energy of binding of the structure，the greater is the effect。
?Gamma辐射有着比beta粒子要强得多的穿透力从而存在着严重的防护问题。
?Gamma radiation has a much greater penetration power in matter than beta particles，and consequently(因此) presents a serious shielding problem。
第三课
词汇：
?to illustrate为了说明
?counterpart配对物
?rest energy / inherent energy静止能量
?special relativity狭义相对论
?linear momentum / angular momentum 线动量/角动量
?magnitude大小、数量、量级/ direction方向、趋势
?recoil反作用、弹回
?as sketched in 如图所示
?diminish in strength with distance强度随着距离减小
?is proportional to成比例的vary inversely as 与…成反比?elastic scattering弹性散射/ inelastic scattering非弹性散射
?in contrast with......和…形成对比
?penetrate 穿透
?kinetic energy 动能
?moderator 慢化剂
?an array of 一排、一群、一批
?account for 考虑
练习：
?和带电粒子相比，中子作为电中性的粒子，不需要很高的能量就能穿透原子核。
?in contrast with charged particles, neutrons as neutral particles need not have high energy to penetrate the nucleus.
?严格地讲，我们必须考虑所有的狭义相对论效应，包括粒子速度引起的质量增加。
?Strictly speaking, we should account for all effects of special relativity, including mass increase with particle speed.
?让我们通过一些计算来说明这些观点。
?Let us illustrate these ideas by some calculations.
?当中子减速到和慢化剂原子的热振动相当的能量区域时，它们会在碰撞中失去或者获得能量。
?As neutrons slow into energy region that is comparable to the thermal agitation of the moderator atoms, they may either lose or gain energy on collision.
第四课
词汇：
?Melt熔化, freeze冻结, volatilize挥发, boil沸腾, sublimate升华, solidify凝固
?in one form or another 各种形式的
?in excess of超过
?disperse分散，传播
?impurity不纯，杂质
?aluminium铝
?magnesium镁
?zirconium锆
?beryllium铍
?stainless steel不锈钢
?uranium 铀；uranium dioxide 二氧化铀；
?plutonium 钚
?helium 氦
?compensate 补偿
?adequate 充分的
?thermodynamic 热力学的
?eliminate from排除
?buildup 累积
练习：
?它既可以以纯铀，也可以储如UO2和UC的化合物形式在反应堆中使用。
?It can be used in reactor either as pure uranium or as a compound such as UO2 or UC.
?对一个热反应堆的慢化剂的要求，也就是低质量数、非常小的中子俘获截面和大的散射截面，将选择限制于很少的材料之间。
?The requirements of the moderator for a thermal reactor, namely low mass number, very low neutron capture cross-section and high scattering cross-section, limit the choice to only a few materials.
?将水在动力反应堆中用作慢化剂的主要问题与其不适宜的热力学性质有关。
?The main problem associated with the use of water as moderator in
a power reactor concerns its rather unfavorable thermodynamic
characteristics.
?重水大部分物理性质和热力学性质与水相似。
?Heavy water is similar to water in its most of physical and thermodynamic properties.
?一些气体冷却剂由于这样或那样的原因可被排除在考虑范围之
外。
?Some gaseous coolants can be eliminated from consideration for one reason or another.
?氦是惰性的，有良好的热力学性质，不存在放射性危险，所以它可被认为是理想的气体反应堆冷却剂.
?Helium is inert, has good thermodynamic properties and does not pose a radioactive hazard, so it might be regarded as the ideal gaseous reactor coolant.
?燃料包壳材料需要非常低中子俘获截面、良好的热导率和高温下良好的强度以经受热应力，燃料解体和包壳内部裂变产物气体压力的累积。
?The fuel cladding materials require a very low neutron capture cross-section, good thermal conductivity and good strength at high temperature to resist thermal stresses, deformation of fuel and buildup of fission product gas pressure inside the cladding.
第五课
词汇：
?self-sustaining自持式
?chain reaction链式反应
?explosive爆炸的
?depend on依据，依靠
?concentration浓缩，浓度
?more dense than比…更密集、浓厚
?lie(lies, lay, lain, lying) in
?The secret that capitalists exploit labor lies in surplus value.
?lie to(lies, lied, lied, lying)
?argument争论，辩论，论据
?use sth up/ use up sth 用尽
?enriched uranium ；depleted uranium
?breeding ratio 增殖率
?fraction 小部分 a fraction of
?subdivide 细分subdivide into
练习：
?一个稳定自持链式反应的必要条件是一次裂变产生的中子之一会导致第二次裂变，从中产生的一个中子继续导致第三次裂变，余此类推。
?The condition that is necessary to a stable, self-sustain chain reaction is that one of the neutrons produced in one fission proceeds to cause the second fission from which one neutron goes on to cause the third one, and so on.
?下面简单的论证说明了这个观点。
?The following simplified argument illustrate this point.
?如果增殖系数远小于1，则只有一小于部分可利用的铀被用掉。
?If breeding ratio is much less than 1, only a fraction of the available uranium is used up.
?相似的利用了Th232-U233的增殖过程的想法应用于反应堆，?Similar ideas apply to reactors making use of 232Th-233U breeding process.
?在即为增殖又为动力生产设计的反应堆里，其堆芯可以被细分为两个区域。
?In reactors designed for breeding as well as power production, the core may be subdivided into two regions.
第六课
词汇：
?Withstand抗拒，忍受
?Erosion腐蚀
?Vacant真空
?Fabrication制造
?phenomenon/phenomena现象
?yield生产
?entitle/name/call命名
?consumption 消费、消耗量
?
练习：
?动力反应堆被设计成能经受高温效应、流动的冷却剂腐蚀和核辐射。
?The power reactor is designed to withstand the effect of high temperature, erosion by moving coolant and nuclear radiation.
?首要的和最重要的考虑是能量的产生，它和燃料的消耗直接相关。
?The first and most important consideration is energy production, which is directly relation to fuel consumption.
?反应堆通过控制棒位置的调节被引入满功率和运行温度和压力（的状态）。
?The reactor is brought to full power and operating temperature and pressure by control rod position adjustments.
?既然在一年的运行循环之中不能再加入燃料，那么那些需要被消耗的燃料一开始就必须被装入。
?Since no fuel is added during the operating cycle of the order of a year, the amount to be burned must be installed at the beginning.
第七课
词汇：
?Conduction传导, convection对流, radiation热辐射
?Conductivity 传导率
?impart sth to sb向某人传授…把…分给某人
?convert A to B 把A转换成B
?transmit传送，传达
?in the vicinity of/near在附近，接近，大约
?bear in mind 记住
?nucleate boiling核态沸腾
?film boiling膜态沸腾
?subcooled boiling过冷沸腾
?gradient 梯度
?thermohydraulic 热工水力学
?the rate of heat flow 热流率
?slop of temperature 温度的斜率temperature gradient 温度梯度
练习：
?对流致冷取决于许多因素，诸如流速，流动通道的形状和大小，冷却剂的热学性质，换热面积和表面与冷却剂的温差。
?Convective cooling depends on many factors such as fluid speed, the size and shape of flow passage, the thermal properties of the coolant, as well as the area exposed and the temperature difference between surface and coolant.
?热，作为一种能量形式，有三种传递方式：热传导，热对流和热
辐射。
?Heat, as one form of energy, is transmitted by three methods——conduction, convection and radiation.
?热流率与温度的斜率，也就是温度梯度成正比。
?The rate of heat flow is proportional to the slop of temperature, . the temperature gradient.
第十课
词汇：
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC)： ASME 锅炉与压力容器规范
Core support barrel：A circular cylinder, including a external ring flange at the top, supports the lower support structure.堆芯吊篮
Austenitic stainless steel奥氏体不锈钢
Nil-ductility transition temperature脆性转变温度
Charpy impact test 摆锤冲击实验
Threshold detector 阈探测器
练习：
1. What is the reactor vessel comprised of
The reactor vessel system is comprised of the reactor vessel
assembly, supports, level indication and surveillance specimens.
2. Describe the structure of the reactor vessel.
The reactor vessel is a large cylindrical vessel which serves to contain and support the core and internals (堆内构件). 3. What does the reactor vessel assembly consist of
The reactor vessel assembly consists mainly of a removable hemispheric upper closure head(半球形上封头), a vessel flange(容器法兰), three shell section(upper, inter-mediate and lower) and a hemispheric bottom head(底封头).
4. What’s the relationship of the reactor vessel flange, core barrel and the reactor fuel
The vessel flange is a forged ring with a machined ledge on the inside surface to support the core barrel(堆芯吊篮), which in turn supports the reactor internals and the core. The reactor fuel is supported by the core barrel。
5. How to monitor the water level within the reactor vessel The water level within the reactor vessel for the system 80+ design is monitor using inadequate core cooling monitoring system (ICCMS, 堆芯冷却监测系统) and Shutdown Reactor Coolant Level Monitor(SRCLM, 停堆冷却剂水位监测).
ICCMS servers to monitor vessel temperature and water level
inventory continuously during normal, Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA, 冷却剂流失事故) and post-LOCA.
SRCLM servers to monitor the water level in the reactor vessel during refueling operation.
factors influence the cooldwon time from operating temperature to refueling temperature
This duration is dictated solely by the rate of change of decay heat generation, and the capacity of the shutdown cooling system.(Plant heatup rate is limited by the heat input from the pumps.)
7. How to test the reactor vessel material and Why to test Surveillance specimens are provided for preirradiation testing(辐照前测试) to establish the baseline properties, and for irradiation exposure(辐照) within the reactor to determine the changes which occur in these properties as a result of neutron irradiation(中子辐照).
Pre-irradiation testing：Standard and pre-crack charpy impact specimens(标准的和断裂前的摆锤冲击样品) ; Drop weight specimens (落锤样品) ; Tensile and compact tension specimens (拉伸及紧凑拉伸样品).
8. Please list the materials investigated
9. Please list the functions of the reactor vessel internals Providing the structure support for the core and fuel located within the reactor vessel ;
Guiding the primary coolant through the core ;
Providing for the alignment of the core with the CEAs, CEMDs, and instrumentation ;
Serving as a shield to protect the reactor vessel from radiation damage.
10. What does the reactor vessel internals consist of
Core support barrel assembly and Upper guide structure assembly 11. Please list the components of the core support barrel. It consists of the core support barrel, the lower support structure, snubbers (缓冲器) and the core shroud assembly.
第11课
词汇：
Feed pump 给水泵：the pump forcing the condensate from condenser to steam generator.
Pressurizer 稳压器
Containment 安全壳：A term used in power plant to cover the pumps, heat exchangers, valves and other equipment, which accompany with the primary system.
Reactor vessel 反应堆容器：The vessel in which the core, moderator, coolant and control rods are situated.
Primary coolant system 主冷却剂系统
Chemical shim 化学补偿：Changes in reactivity or in reactor conditions are compensated for by varying the concentration of boric acid in the coolant.
Hot shutdown 热停堆
ASME：American Society of Mechanical Engineers 美国机械工程师协会
ANS：American Nuclear Society 美国核协会
Boil dry time 蒸干时间：the time of evaporating all water in the steam generator to steam
Thermal shock 热冲击
练习：
1.Describe the coolant circulation in the reactor vessel. The core is cooled by water which flows downward through an annulus around the core and then upward through the core, then the core is cooled. The heated water leaves the core through one of several pipes, each of which leads to a steam generator (SG). The cooled water leaving the steam generator is returned to the core by a large coolant pump, and the steam produced flows to
a turbine (汽轮机) , which drives the electrical generator.
2.What’s the function of the control rod
Control rods are provided to control the nuclear reaction, to change power level, and to shut the reactor down。
3.What’s the function of the containment
Containment structures are required now in all countries to contain potential release of radioactivity from the plant and to protect against external natural or man-made forces such as earthquake, floods, tornadoes, tsunamis, fires and even airplane crashes.
4.What’s the function of components classified into Safety
class 2
to fulfill a safety function ( to shutdown the reactor; to provide cooling for the core or the containment; to cool another safety system; to contain and control radioactivity that may be released in an accident, etc.).
5.How to control the reactor power distribution and reactivity Fuel loading pattern
Burnable absorber rod depletion
Chemical shim reactivity control
Patterns of CEA insertion and withdrawal.（反应性引入或移出方式）
6.Please list the advantages using control rod only to change
operating power level
The ability to change power level using control rods only (without adjusting boron concentration) has been provided, simplifying reactivity control and reducing liquid waste processing requirement.
7.What are improvements of system 80+ steam generator
Steam generators include Inconel 690（因康镍690合金）, improved steam dryer efficiency (蒸汽干燥效率) and 17% increase in overall heat transfer area, and a 10% increase in tube plugging margin(管堵塞裕量).
Steam generators also has a 25% larger secondary feedwater inventory to extend the " boil dry time "(蒸干时间) and improve system response to upset condition. And the operating hot leg temperature has been reduced from 327℃to 324℃.
Steam generator improvements also including larger and repositioned manways（人孔）, a standby recirculation nozzle, and a redesigned flow distribution plate（流量分配挡板）have been made to facilitate maintenance, and to maintain long term integrity.
8.Please list advantages of using ring-forging.
Pressure vessel is ring-forged（锻造环）reducing the numbers of
核电专业英语试题库来自工程公司
核电专业英语试题库 Lesson 1 The basic Concepts for Nuclear Physics 1. A nucleon is composed of protons and neutrons, and constitutes practically all the mass of the atom. （）key:× type: judgment question 2. In the nuclear reactions mass and energy is interchanged. ( ) key:√ type: judgment question 3.Capturing gamma radiation is a result of fission. ( ) key:× type: judgment question 4.The binding force acts only when the nucleons are ( ) A. large B. close to each other C. similar D. excited key: B type: single-choice question 5.Atoms having the same atomic number Z,but different numbers of neutrons N are called ( ) of the element. A. nuclei B. isotopes C. units D. masses key: B type: single-choice question 6. The excited nuclei become de-excited by emission of ( ) A.γ-rays or particles B.X-rays C. energy D. deuterons key: A type: single-choice question 7.The protons and neutrons are called ( ) A. nuclei B. isotopes C. nucleons D. atoms key: C type: single-choice question 8.Fission in uranium-238 can be caused by neutrons of ( ) A. is easy B. can be caused by neutrons of 0.1Mev C. can be caused by neutrons of 1.5Mev D. never realize key: C type: single-choice question 9.( ) are emitted during fission and the possibility of a chain reaction is realized. A. Elements B. Fragments C. γ -rays D. Neutrons key: D type: single-choice question 10.Which are the fissile nuclei among the following isotopes? ( ) A. 233U B. 235U C. 239Pu D. 238U key: A,B,C type: multiple-choice question Lesson 2 Radiation 11. The γ-rays has many charges. （） key:× type: judgment question 12.Low energy neutrons usually interact with nucleus more difficult than high energy neutrons. ( ) key:× type: judgment question 13.In the photoelectric effect, the photon is ( ). A. produced B. found C. eliminated D. increased key: C type: single-choice question 14.Beta particles presents ( ) shielding problem. A. no B. no serious C. a D. serious key: B type: single-choice question 15.When radioactive isotopes decay the ( ) are formed. A. protons B. daughter products C. radioactive isotopes D. neutron and electron key: B type: single-choice question 16.Alpha particles can ( ) the outer layer of skin of the body. A. penetrate B. pass C. be accelerated D. be stopped by key: D type: single-choice question 17.Beta particles are capable of producing ( ) as they penetrate a substance. A. large amounts of ionization B. energy C. photons D. particles key: A type: single-choice question 18.Alpha particles are ( ) in their motion than electrons. A. faster B. slower C. heavier D. less readily deflected key: D type: single-choice question 19. The interaction between gamma rays with matter includes ( ). A. photon-electron scattering B. Slowing by atoms C. photoelectric effect D. electron-positron production key: A,C,D type: multiple-choice question 1
安全工程专业英语部分翻译
Unit 1 safety management system Accident causation models 事故致因理论 Safety management 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件 Machine guarding 机械保护装置 House-keeping 工作场所管理 Top management 高层管理人员 Human errors 人因失误Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型 Munitions factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risking taking 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss prevention 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard control 危险控制Intensive study 广泛研究Organizational performance 企业绩效 Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员 Safety committee 安全委员会Shop-floor 生产区Unionized company 集团公司Seniority 资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化 Absenteeism rate 缺勤率Power relations 权力关系Status review 状态审查 Lower-level management 低层管理者 Business performance 组织绩
效 Most senior executive 高级主管 Supervisory level 监督层Safety principle 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划Hazard identification 危险辨识 Safety performance 安全性能 One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions – invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration –that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems” 译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认可，因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员，让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题[指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问题]。 The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organization’s health and safety management. 译文：组织的安全文化由以下几项内容组成：个人和群体的价值观、态度、观念、能力和行为方式。这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健康安全管理的责任，以及组织健康安全管理的形式和熟练程度。 Unit 2 System Safety Engineering System safety engineering 系统安全工程By-product 附带产生的结果
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分： 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署
核电英文词汇
A abnormal condition异常工况. absorbed dose rate吸收剂量 absorber chiller吸收式制冷机 absorber rod吸收棒 absorption coefficient吸收系数 absorption cross section吸收截面 absorption ratio吸收比 acceleration pressure drop加速度压降 acceleration pressure loss加速度损失 acceptable daily intake日允许摄入量 acceptance criterion验收准则 gacceptance limit可接受限值 acceptance report验收报告 acceptance standard验收标准 acceptance test验收实验 acceptance验收 access通道，入口 accident analysis事故分析 accident conditions事故工况 accident interlocking module事故联锁组件 accident management事故处理 accident mitigation事故缓解 accident prevention事故预防 accident shutdown事故停堆 accident source事故源 accidental exposure事故照射 accumulated dose累积剂量 accumulator安注箱 acid-proof tile耐酸瓷砖 activation活化 active carbon filter活性碳过滤器 active component能动部件 active core height堆芯活性高度 active power有功功率 activity concentration放射性浓度 activity level放射性活度 activity活度 actuate驱动，动作 administration building and emergency center ventilation system 办公楼及应急中心通风系统Administration building and emergency center water supply and drainage system 办公楼及应急中心给排水系统 adoption by equivalent等同采用 aerial cable架空电缆
安全工程专业英语Unit1-9翻译
安全工程专业英语 Unit1 1. Because of the very rapid changes in these jobs and professions, it is hard for students to learn about future job opportunities. It is even more difficult to know about the type of preparation that is needed for a particular profession-or the qualities and traits that might help individuals succeed in it. 由于这些工作和职业的飞速变更，其变化之快使得学生们很难了解未来有什么样的工作机会，更不知道为未来的具体职业生涯做出怎样的准备，也就是说学生们很难知道掌握何种知识、具备何种能力才能成功适应未来的社会。 2. The purpose of this article is to provide in depth information about the safety profession that should help students considering a career in this challenging and rewarding field. 这篇文章将提供较为深入的安全专业方面的具体信息，它应该能够为安全专业的学生们在这个充满挑战也蕴含着发展机遇的职业中获得良好的发展而提供帮助。 3. While these efforts became more sophisticated and widespread during the twentieth century, real progress on a wide front did not occur in the U.S. until after Word War Ⅱ. 尽管这些专业手段在20世纪已经发展的较为成熟，也具有一定的广泛适应性，但在美国，这些都是第二次世界大战以后才取得的突破性进展。 4. This legislation was important because it stressed the control of workplace hazards. This, in turn, defined a clear area of practice for the previously loosely organized safety profession. Other legislation passed during the next twenty years has increased the scope of safety practice into areas of environmental protection, product safety, hazardous materials management and designing safety into vehicles, highways, process plants and buildings. 这部法律很重要，因为它强调工作场所的危险控制，同时这部法律也为以前不成体系的安全业务划定了工作范围。此后20年中通过的一
安全工程专业外语翻译
Unit 1 Safety Management Systems 安全管理体系 1.Accident Causation Models 1.事故致因理论 The most important aim of safety management is to maintain and promote workers' health and safety at work. Understanding why and how accidents and other unwanted events develop is important when preventive activities are planned. Accident theories aim to clarify the accident phenomena，and to explain the mechanisms that lead to accidents. All modem theories are based on accident causation models which try to explain the sequence of events that finally produce the loss. In ancient times, accidents were seen as an act of God and very little could be done to prevent them. In the beginning of the 20th century，it was believed that the poor physical conditions are the root causes of accidents. Safety practitioners concentrated on improving machine guarding, housekeeping and inspections. In most cases an accident is the result of two things ：The human act, and the condition of the physical or social environment. 安全管理系统最重要的目的是维护和促进工人们在工作时的健康和安全。在制定预防性计划时，了解为什么、怎样做和其他意外事故的发展是十分重要的。事故致因理论旨在阐明事故现象，和解释事故的机理。所有现代理论都是基于试图解释事件发生、发展过程和最终引起损失的事故致因理论。在古老的时期，事故被看做是上帝的行为并且几乎没有预防的方法去阻止他们。在20世纪开始的时候，人们开始相信差的物理条件是事故发生的根源。安全从业人员集中注意力在提高机器监护、维护和清理上。在大多数情况下，一件事故的发生主要有两个原因：人类的行为和物理或者社会环境。 Petersen extended the causation theory from the individual acts and local conditions to the management system. He concluded that unsafe acts, unsafe conditions，and accidents are all symptoms of something wrong in the organizational management system. Furthermore, he stated that it is the top management who is responsible for building up such a system that can effectively control the hazards associated to the organization’s operation. The errors done by a single person can be intentional or unintentional. Rasmussen and Jensen have presented a three-level skill-rule-knowledge model for describing the origins of the different types of human errors. Nowadays，this model is one of the standard methods in the examination of human errors at work. 彼得森根据管理体系中个人的行为结合当地的环境扩充了事故致因理论。他的结论是像不安全行为、不安全情况是一些错误的组织管理系统导致事故的征兆。另外，他指出，高层管理人员负责建立一个能够有效控制危险源有关组织。一个人出现的错误可能是有意的或者是无意的。拉斯姆森和杰森已经提出了三个层次的技能规则知识模型来描述不同种类的人错误的起源。如今，这种模式已经成为在工作中检验人的错误的标准之一。 Accident-proneness models suggest that some people are more likely to suffer anaccident than others. The first model was created in 1919，based on statistical examinations in a mumilions factory. This model dominated the safety thinking and research for almost 50 years, and it is still used in some organizations. As a result of this thinking, accident was blamed solely
(完整版)土木工程专业英语常用词汇
Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration（土）空隙比 albery壁厨，壁龛 a l mery壁厨，贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀，麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板（工程） shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖
核能(英文版)
Review of China's nuclear technology In the 20th century physics office had an unprecedented development, the township has promised amazing discoveries and achievements. Especially wheat, but because of the two m's E only. Koo has laid a solid foundation for the development of the physical word. Thus demonstrating the broad prospects edge energy technology development. Uranium is the most imperial l construction and development of the raw material in the nuclear industry is the main material for nuclear fission reactions. Is one of the specific minerals in China. 1954 Office of the Ministry of Geology & P committee two consolidated prospecting, in the Guangxi capital waves found signs of uranium, uranium ore samples collected. 15 May 1955, Chairman Mao Zedong in the same South instruct the Central Committee, presided over the expansion will Yau, made a strategic decision to develop China began Mo original to be able to mark the Chinese nuclear industry, industrial construction. After the third inning Chinese Qi Li Ministry of Geology (Fortunately, the third part of the Office of the State Council Li construction techniques and prison units in 1956 and established the three machines (later renamed the Second Ministry of Machine BU either by the first Minister Song Renqiong. Formally submitted the first batch of uranium industry through the
核能专业英语
第一课 词汇： ?Concept概念, conception概念, conceive构想、理解 ?Isotope同位素, isomer同质异能素 ?element, atom, nucleus, nucleon –element, elements, –molecule, molecules, molecular –atom, atoms, atomic, –nucleus['nju:kli?s，'nu:kli?s]原子核?, nuclei, nuclear, –nucleon['nju:kli?n]核子, nucleons, nucleonic核子的 –particle, particles, ?fissile易裂变的, fissionable可以发生裂变的 ?fertile可裂变的，fertile materials增殖材料 ?fission, fusion, decay ?inner, innermost / outer, outermost ?chain reaction ?fragment碎片 Expression： ?times –A is ten times B. ?varies inversely as ?E equals m times c squared. E = mc2
?the n-th power of a: an ?result in / result from ?is accompanied by / correspond to ?The discovery of fission was made in Germany in 1938 by Hahn...... ?Be composed of 由…组成 ?Binding energy 结合能 ?Discrete excited states 不连续的激发态 ?Electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射 ?Ev：electron-volt ?Conservation of mass/energy 质量/能量守恒 练习： ?电子带负电，质子带正电。 ?Electron is negatively charged，proton is positively charged。 ?在任何质量变化的反应中，质量的减少与能量的释放相伴，而质量的增加与能量的吸收相随。 ?In any reaction in which mass changes，a decrease of mass is accompanied by the release of energy，and an increase of mass corresponds to the absorption of energy。 ?电荷间的静电斥力与它们之间距离的平方成反比。 ?The force of electrostatic repulsion between like charges varies inversely as the square of their separation。 ?通常，原子核存在于能量为基态的平衡态或者说稳定的条件下。
机械工程专业英语翻译合集
1.我们可以把钢再次加热到临界温度以下的某一温度，然后在慢慢让其冷却。We can heat the steel again to a temperature below the critical temperature, then cool it slowly. 2.无论任何简单的机床，都是由单一元件即通称为机械零件或部件组成的。However simple, any machine is a combination of individual components generally referred to as machine elements or parts. 3.这些金属不都是好的导体。 All these metals are not good conductors. 4. 在做带电实验的时候，再怎么小心都不为过。 You can't be too careful in performing an experiment. 5.利用发电机可以把机械能转变成电能。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of a generator or dynamo. 6.假定电源输入的电压保持不变。 Assume that the voltage input of the power supply remains the same. 7.化石燃料是发电过程中最为频繁使用的能源。 Fossil fuels are most frequently used source daring the power generation process. 8单个机械零件的可靠性成为评估整台机器使用寿命的基本因素。 The individual reliability of machine elements becomes the basis for estimating the overall life 9.说我们生活在一个电子时代，这一点都不夸张。 It's no exaggeration to say that we live in an electronic age. 10.发动机的转速不应超过最大允许值。 Engine revolution should not exceed the maximum permissible. 11.如能从大型核电站获得成本极低的电力，电解氢的竞争能力就会增强。（Electrolytic hydrogen）。 If extremely low-cost power were ever to become available from large nuclear power plants, electrolytic hydrogen would become competitive. 12.电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。 A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics. 13.远距离输电需要高压，安全用电需要低压。 High voltage is necessary for long transmission line while low voltage for safe use. 14.铝的电阻大约是同等尺寸的铜的1.5倍。 The resistance of aluminum is approximately half again as great as that of copper for the same dimensions = size 15.In fact,it is impossible for no force to be exerted on a body,since in this world everything is subject to the for ce of gravity. 事实上，物体不受外力作用是不可能的，因为在这个世界上任何物体都要受到重力的作用。 16.In a thermal power plant,all the chemical energy is not