北京大学考博英语历年试题分析
北京大学考博英语历年试题综合分析
导言：考博英语真题的重要性
全国各大院校在制定本校英语专业考试大纲时，对英语的考核基本上不指定参考书，考生在备考时往往感到漫无目的，无所适从，所以对各大院校的考博英语历年真
题分析则显得尤为重要。华慧考博英语教研中心在历时8年的教学研究的过程中，总
结国内50多所重点院校的考博英语试题的出题特点与规律，认为考生精研各院校的历年试题对考出良好的成绩有非常大的帮助。
考博英语试题的独特性
众所周知，英语类的考试，如高考、大学英语四六级、专业四八级考试、研究生
入学考试等均由统一的命题组人员统一命制试题，命题组阵容强大，且耗费的人力、物力也不在少数，其题目基本是原创题目。而考博英语却并非这样，因此，考博英
语有其自身的独特性，考博英语的独特性主要表现在其命题方式与题目来源两方面。
首先，从命题方式来看，博士考试中，要求考生达到英语的最低分数线，这一要
求就注定了各大考博院校的英语试题的命题方式，各大考博院校不会花费大量的人力、物力及时间原创一套考博英语试题。并且各大院校为了保证其试题的准确性，一般会
选择已经考过的各类相关难度的试题，这样就可以避免出现大量的因个人学术水平方
面而引起的错误和争议。
其次，从题目来源看，各大院校的考博英语试题基本来自专四、专八、六级、杂
志文章或其它考博院校的原题，极少出现原创题目。因其题目来源的独特性，我们研
究各大院校的考博英语试题就显得非常有必要且益处极大。如果考生在考前了解了这
一情况，且充分重视这个规律，那么获得考博英语高分不是什么难事。所以考生考前
精研考博英语真题是非常有必要的。
考博英语试题的作用
考博英语试题的作用主要有三个，即指导、规划与调控作用。
指导作用。通过研读历年的考博英语试题，考生可以了解该院校的题目类型、题目来源、
题目难度等，指导考生在较短的时间内找到正确的复习方法，获得自己满意的成绩。
规划作用。考生在宏观把握所报考院校的英语试题的出题规律后，结合自身的英语情况，对自己的英语备考做出一个正确且切合实际的复习规划。
调控作用。通过研读历年的考博英语试题，以所报考院校的英语真题为标杆，随时监控与调节自己的复习计划，使自己的复习计划在最短的时间内获得满意的成绩。
由此可知，研究真题对于考生在较短时间内提升成绩是有很大帮助的。因此，华慧考博英语研究中心对北京大学历年的考博真题进行了细致且深入的研究，将北京大学考博英语的出题特点、题目类型等进行了详细论述，对下一年度的考博英语命题趋势进行了预测，并提出了针对北京大学考博英语的备考方法，让考生的复习备考更加具有针对性，让考生少走弯路，快速提高考试成绩。
以下是华慧考博英语研究中心对北京大学考博英语历年试题详细分析。
一、北京大学考博英语试题的考核要求
北京大学博士研究生非英语专业入学考试是学校为招收博士研究生而设置的选拔性考试。教育部颁布的《硕士、博士研究生英语教学大纲》规定：“博士生入学其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的水平”。根据这一规定，并结合历年招收博士研究生的具体情况，我校博士生入学英语考试既考查考生的语言知识，又注重测试考生的语言应用能力。
北京大学的英语考试采用笔试方式，时间为180分钟，满分为100分。试题共分为六个部分：听力、词汇、完型填空、阅读理解、改错、作文。
1、听力
主要测试考生对于一般性听力材料的理解与判断能力，要求考生听过一遍后回答所题的
问题，选出正确答案，以及要求考生听过两遍之后，摘录正确的信息要点。主要考查能够判断对话场景、人物关系以及身份等；能准确理解说话者的意图、观点或态度；能准确理解话语要点、含义；能获取对话或短文的具体信息和中心意思；能进行有关的判断和推理的能力。
2、词汇题
这一部分主要考查考生对基本语法和词汇的掌握情况。语法题涉及的范围广，考查考生是否掌握了最基本的语法以及常见的词组辨析与词义辨析。
3、完型填空
主要测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构的掌握程度。考生应
具有借助词汇、句法及上下文线索对语言进行综合分析和应用能力，要求考生所给篇章中空白所需的词或短语分别从四个选项中选出最佳答案。一般是一篇约350字的文章，留出10-15个空，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
4、阅读理解
该部分主要测试考生在规定时间内获取相关信息的能力。考生需完成1800-2000词的阅读量，3-4篇文章，并能从四个选项中选出题目的最佳答案。要求考生能掌握中心
思想、主要内容和具体细节；能进行相关的判断和推理；能准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义；能领会作者观点和意图、判断作者的态度。
5、改错
改错是在一篇约200字左右的短文中标出10-15句话，每句话中有一个错误，要求考生在规定时间内找出每行中的错误，并加以改正，使文章的意思和结构完整正确。改错的方式有三种，即替换、删除和增添。
6、写作
该部分考查考生的书面表达能力。要求考生按照命题、所给提纲写出一篇不少于200字的短文，目的是测试考生用英语表达思想和传递信息的能力及对英文写作基础知识的实际运用。
二、北京大学考博英语历年试题命题变化分析
首先，对北京大学历年考博英语的题型与题量分布情况，通过表格形式做一下介绍：表1-1 历年北京大学英语试题题型、题量统计表
通过观察上表可以知道北京大学考博英语试题总的特点是：题型多，题量大。
第一，题型变化。北京大学考博英语试题的题型变化比较少，主要表现在阅读理解部分，
从11年开始，阅读理解取消了英英释义部分的题目，阅读理解部分增加到4篇文章。另外，08年的试题中，完型填空是属于无选项的试题，但是09年之后就恢复了有选项的完型填空；再者是作文的变化，由05年之前的命题作文变为了话题作文；
第二，分值变化。北京大学的分值变化非常小。变化主要在阅读理解、词汇题、完型填空、改错等四个题型的变化，且变化的幅度在5分徘徊。阅读理解的分值由08年之前的25%减少到20%的分值，词汇题由11年之前的20%减少到12年之后的15%，
完型填空则从11年开始增加到15%的分值，改错则从09年开始增加到15%的分值。
第三，试题难度的变化。根据上表可知，北京大学的考博英语试题的难度变化不大，题型较多，且题量较大，因此，其试题难度是稳居不下的。
综上所述，2015年北京大学考博英语试题的题型变化的可能性不大，但是题目难度下降的可能性不大，因此，考生还是需要做好充分的准备，不打无准备之仗。
三、近5年北京大学各个题型分析及备考方法
研究考博英语试题，以最近5年的试题最具有参考价值。因此，华慧考博英语研究中心选取了北京大学近5年的题型为蓝本，研究了其各个题型的出题特点、出题来源等。
北京大学的四大题型各具特点，下面将通过图表，分别对各个题型的命题情况进行详细分析和说明。
（一）听力
1、题型分析
听力主要掌握听力材料中心思想和主要内容的能力，考查考生对对话情景、场合、人物关系、说话人身份、说话意图、话语含义等的理解和判断能力，此外，听力理解试题对考生捕捉主要信息、熟悉习语表达、熟练语法结构变式等方面均有较高要求。经过研究与总结，北京大学听力部分的材料与题目类型如下：
表1-2 听力部分材料类型
表1- 3 听力题目类型分布
从表1-2和表1-3可知，北京大学的听力部分材料分为两种，一种是对话，另一种是短文朗读，从10年开始，听力部分的材料全部变为了短文朗读，即短文选择题有3篇文章的朗读，短文填空题是一篇文章的朗读，2015年北京大学的听力部分的材料很可能仍然是4篇文章。
北京大学听力的题目类型分为2类，一类是选择题和短文填空题，选择题题量维持在10个左右，而短文填空题的数量保持在20个左右，2015年，北京大学听力部分题型变化的可能性不大。
2、备考方法
听力部分应作为考生的一项重点来复习，因为题目难度较大，相当于六级及以上水平，且题目相对较多，基本以文章朗读为主。考生在复习备考阶段，可分为2个阶段复习。第一阶段，让耳朵熟悉英语这种语言，采用循序渐进、泛听与精听相结合的方法，按照单词—句子—短文听写的顺序进行练习（每天做精听训练，时间大概为20分钟左右），同时还需要扩充自己的知识面（即每天听10分钟左右的VOA新闻）。华慧考博英语研究中心已将上述听力材料编订；第二阶段，可每天做一套6级的真题练习，掌握做听力练习的方法。
3、解题步骤
在做听力时，主要有三步：
1）浏览题目。在开始听听力之前，一定要先将听力的题目大概浏览遍，对即将要听
的材料有个大概的了解，有利于考生在考试过程中提取关键信息；
2）做题。在做题过程中，若出现没听到的信息，不要纠结于其中的某一题，要学会
适当的舍弃，不能因小失大；
3）检查。对于短文填空这一类型的题目。一定要检查单词的拼写是否有错误、语法时态是否正确。
（二）词汇题
1、题型分析
从北京大学近五年的词汇题来看，词汇题注重考查两个方面：第一是侧重对词组/单词的词义辨析、固定词组搭配等的考查；第二是语法的考查，语法的考查侧重对虚拟语气、从句、强调句型、倒装等的考查。通过表1-4，我们可以对北京大学历年的词汇题进行了解。
表1-4 北京大学近5年词汇题考查点
通过以上表格我们可得知：
分值变化，北京大学词汇题的分值所占的比重从2012年开始有所下降，降低到了15%，题量也相应地减少至15题；
考查重点：北京大学对于词汇题的考查重点主要侧重于词义和词组的辨析题和语法题，纵观北京大学近五年的试题，考查词义辨析题占39题，词组辨析占18题，语法
题占21题，固定搭配题占12题。12年和13年的试题中，语法题的考查数量有所下降，但是并不是说语法题不考查了，其语法考查的重点在虚拟语气、从句、强调句型、倒
装等语法点。
命题趋势：2015年北京大学取消词汇题的可能性不大，对语法的考查比重可能不会占很大，考查重点可能仍然是在词义辨析和词组辨析等，因此，考生要掌握常见的语
法点并一定要增加自身的单词量及常见词组。
2、备考方法
掌握基本的词汇，不仅是词汇题得高分的方法，也是英语其他专项的基础。缺少
了必要的词汇量，听力、阅读、翻译、写作等专项的提高就成了纸上谈兵。那么，针
对北京大学的词汇题的特点，考生该如何备考呢？
首先，考生需浏览华慧教育出版的《考博英语10000词汇详解》，《考博英语10000词汇详解》将词汇分为基础词汇、高频核心词汇和重难点词汇，每个词汇部分
后配备有相应地练习题，且高频核心词汇部分有同义词、反义词、派生词和固定词组
搭配和例句，考生需对这一部分词汇要重点掌握，高难词汇配备有相应的例句，考生
可结合具体的语境加强词汇记忆；
其次，考生要结合华慧考博网上的词汇与语法课程，掌握北京大学的重点语法点。尽量在词汇题部分拿高分。
3、解题步骤
1）读题干句，了解整句的意思，分析句子间的内在关系，推测残缺信息；
2）读完题干句后，接着快速浏览四个选项，初步掌握选项的信息，借以判断出题
的类型；
3）分析选项，做出正确的选择。
（三）完型填空
1、题型分析
近五年的试题中，北京大学考博的完型填空是其考博英语试题中的常驻军。北京
大学考博英语完型填空是一篇200-300字的文章，是带选项的常规完型填空，每空1分，15题，共15分。
北京大学完型填空的题目基本上是对基本功的测试与逻辑推理能力，出题选项主
要是比较常见的词语，需要考生扎实掌握各类的语法难点和重点。具体的题目出处、
文章体裁及完型填空的考查点分别见表1-5和表1-6.
表1-5 完型填空题目出处及文章体裁
表1-6 完型填空的考查点
试题来源：从表1-5我们可以看出，北京大学的完型填空均来自于报刊杂志，《时代周刊》、《卫报》、《科学美国》、《大西洋周刊》等上面的文章均有，因此文章的难度较大，主要是涉及专业词汇和新闻词汇，考生在理解文章时难度增大；
考查重点：由表1-6可知，北京大学的考查重点集中在词义辨析（44题）与语法题（11题）的考查，词义辨析与词组辨析即考查考生对于单词基本词义的理解，也考查考生对于上下文逻辑推理的能力；
命题趋势：2015年，北京大学完型填空难度不会有所下降，其题目来源很可能还是来自报刊杂志等。因此考生在备考时，可适当阅读英语杂志，以扩宽自己的视野。
2、备考方法
针对北京大学完型填空难度较大的情况，我们考生应如何备考呢？
首先，单词是基础，考生需要至少浏览5遍《考博英语词汇10000词汇》上的高频核心词汇，熟练掌握其中的基本词汇，并会辨析固定词组搭配的词义。以华慧教育的
“分级循环，识而不背”的学习方法为指导，以《考博英语10000词汇》为材料，掌握基本的词汇量，并且每周坚持阅读The Times，The Economist等英文报纸上的短文。其次，听华慧网的课程“考博英语完型填空强化提高课程”，并将老师传授的方法应用于自己的实际做题中。掌握做完型填空的基本做题技巧，提高完型填空的得分率。
3、解题步骤
1) 细读首句，启示全文
完型填空的文章首句一般不会留空，且往往是主题句，因此它应该是了解文章全貌的“窗口”。细读首句可以帮助考生判断文章体裁，推测文章大意，对理解全文起着重要的启示作用。
2) 通读全文，掌握大意
在答题之前，要把短文从头到尾快速阅读一遍，以便从整体上感知全文，掌握大意。注意文中的暗示，努力抓住关键词，体验猜词的思路与方法。
3) 瞻前顾后，先易后难
瞻前顾后即前后观察，对空格前后句子作深入分析，确定空格在句中的意思。选择时，一般从以下几个方面着手：利用上下文线索或逻辑推理做出选择；根据所学的语法规则、结构知识、习惯用法及修辞等做出选择；寻找信息词，包括上下文出现过的关键词；若碰到一时难以确定的选项，要放一下，先做其他题，后面可能会提供线索，或等全部做完以后，再回头解决；也可采用排除法或凭语感做出选择。
4)复核全文，消除疏漏
题目全部做完之后，再从头至尾把文章读一遍，从文章的整体结构出发检查一遍，从意义和语法两个角度仔细权衡，检查句与句之间、段与段之间是否一致、连贯，以
便弥补疏漏。对于个别难度较大的空格，可以凭借自己的语感，坚持第一感觉选择的最佳答案。
（四）阅读理解
1、题型分析
阅读理解是北京大学考博英语中所占分值为20%，文章篇数保持在4篇，题量为20题。那么，掌握该院校阅读理解的出题重点与出题规律，在阅读理解上尽量做到少失分。
阅读理解考查的是考生的信息辨认能力、信息转述能力、推理能力以及语篇逻辑的理解能力等。因此，考生在备考时，阅读理解的模拟训练题目难度可稍微高于真题题目的难度。而根据对北京大学阅读理解2009年--2013年5年真题的分析与研究，阅读理解的题目来源与题型分布如表1-7（1代表阅读文章1、2、3、4，以此类推。）和表1-8.
表1-7 北京大学阅读理解来源表
通过表1-5，我们可以得出以下几点：
第一，从文章篇数看，北京大学近5年的阅读理解均为4篇文章（2010年和2009年的最后一篇文章为英英释义文章），阅读理解文章篇数一直很稳定，因此，2015年的阅读理解文章的篇数可能仍然保持在4篇文章；
第二，从题目来源与试题难度来看，北京大学的阅读理解文章90%均来自于报刊杂志文章，没有其他类考试的真题或模拟题，其阅读文章均与当前的时事政治、社会热
点等问题相关，阅读文章的包含有新闻术语与专业术语，考生在理解文章大意时有一
定的困难，其试题难度相对较大。
接着我们看下北京大学阅读理解考查的题目类型。
表1-8 阅读理解题目类型分布表
通过观察表1-8，我们可以得知，北京大学考查的题目以细节事实题(22题)、推理判
断题（46题）、主旨大意题（15题）为主，词义推测题（1题）和观点态度题（1题）考查较少，而细节事实题和推理判断题则需要考生对文章定位准确，对文章的长难句
能准确把握其意思，能根据作者的行文思路和句子的意思进行准确地推测。而主旨大
意题则考查考生对于整篇文章大意的正确把握。
由以上两个表格可知，2015年北京大学的考博英语阅读理解题目可能仍然会来源于
各报刊杂志，其可能还是会注重细节事实题与推理判断题的考查。
2、备考方法
阅读理解是北京大学考博英语客观题的考查重点。根据上表，从出题的来源、题材、考察点来分析，历年真题对备考北京大学具有非常重要的指导意义，有助于考生
选择合适的资料、提高复习的效率，节省备考时间。
考生在备考时，可以选择华慧考博研究中心研发的《阅读理解220篇》（上、下册），该书是根据以上命题规律汇编而成，收录的文章来源于四、六级真题、专四与
专八的真题、以及各大院校的考博真题等。上册题目较为简单，而且每篇文章后都附
有核心词汇注解、答案与解析、长难句剖析，这对于初学者是非常有帮助的，可以使
考生在掌握做阅读理解的基本方法后，还能学会如何分析长难句，对于准确理解文章
是非常有帮助的，而下册是模拟试题，且每篇文章后配有相应的答案与解析、长难句
剖析，这样的编排既能让考生模拟阅读理解的考试，又有助于考生理解文章的长难句，把握文章的大意。此外，华慧考博英语阅读基础班、强化班网络课程，从提升阅读理
解能力入手，让考生掌握阅读理解的解题方法和技巧，提升考试成绩。
另外，考生在做《阅读理解220篇》掌握基础的做题技巧的同时，一定要多翻阅
各大英语报刊杂志，扩宽自己对当前事实热点的了解与熟悉。但是，考生不要以为将
所有的报刊杂志文章上面的文章看完了，就能做对题拿高分了。阅读理解有它的解题
技巧与解题方法，考生要想阅读理解拿高分，掌握这些解题技巧与解题方法才是主要的，阅读报刊杂志只起辅助作用，使考生能大致明白北京大学考博试题的大概难度，
做到心中有数。
3、解题步骤
理论是基础，但是没有正确的做题方法，理论仅仅是理论，不能为我们提高成绩
服务。因此做题方法与步骤也是非常重要的。
阅读理解主要分三步走
1）题干先行：通过阅读题目，确定文章的中心，初步了解文章的大意；
2）原文定位：搜索题干中的时间地点人物概念，然后去原文中对照找出相应的地方；3）分析对比：选择正确选项，排除干扰选项。
（四）改错
1、题型分析
北京大学的改错占试题分值的10-15%，要求考生在一篇约200词左右短文中标出
10-15句话，每句话中有一个错（不含标点与拼写），要求考生在规定时间内找出每句中的错误，并加以改正，使文章的意思和结构完整正确。
这部分对考生的要求较高，不仅考查考生自身的语言表达，更考查考生的纠错能力。经过研究与总结，北京大学改错部分近5年的题目来源如下：
表1-9 改错题目出处
从文章来源与选材看，文章基本来自于各报刊杂志，选材多样，有社会类、环境类和科技类等。
难易程度来看，整体来说，北京大学的改错部分试题的难度降低的可能性不大。
因此，考生在备考时，一定要涉猎较广的知识，不论是社会类还是科技类，都需要有一定的了解。
我们再看下北京大学改错部分的主要考查点。改错包括四个方面的考查：单词误用（代词误用、形容词和副词误用、反义词误用、冠词误用）、固定搭配、语法题（主
谓不一致、从句引导词错用、虚拟语气、非谓语动词错用、语态等）和连接词误用等。
表1-10 改错考查的题目类型
由以上表格可以看出，北京大学改错题的考查重点在单词误用和语法题这两个方面。这就要求考生既能通过上下文理解文章大意，正确把握句子意思，还要求考生有较强
的英语功底，不仅能找出错误，还要能改正错误。
2、备考方法
考生备考时，一定要先将华慧教育的“考博英语改错强化提高课程”与“考博英
语语法强化提高课程”学完，然后自己要动笔练习，在练习中熟练掌握做改错的基本
方法与基本技巧，练习过程中可以做华慧教育《改错专项》的练习。学员一定要将课
程中提到的方法运用到自己的做题中，将理论与实践结合起来，提高自身的改错水平。
3、解题步骤
在做改错练习时。我们一定要谨记短文改错的步骤：分三步走
1）细读全文：弄懂全篇的意思、背景和素材，在读的过程中可把初步确认的错误标出来；
2）分句阅读，逐句找错：从上文提到的改错常考点出发，仔细推敲；
3）重读全文，仔细推敲改正后的文章：读起来是否通顺、逻辑思维与短文脉络是否合理，词汇用法、句子结构是否合理。
（五）写作
1、题型分析
北京大学考博英语的写作占15分，要求考生根据题目要求写出一篇250-300字的短文，要求正确表达思想，语意连贯，无重大语言错误。目的是测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及对英文写作基础知识的实际运用。从北京大学考博写作题型上来看，主要是话题作文。
表1-11 作文题目类型分析
从以上表格可知，北京大学是一篇作文，分值为15% 。作文主要是话题作文。这一类型的文章考生基本不会偏题跑题，难点就在于语言的运用与支撑观点的论据。
北京大学写作的选题范围，主要以当时社会的热点话题为主，涉及到动物权利、最低工资等话题，因此，考生在文章的论点支持上可能难度较大。
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北京大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part One: Listening Comprehension略 Part Two: Structure and Written Expression (20%) Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. 21._________ before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together. [A] Had they arrived [B] Would they arrive [C] Were they arriving [D] Were they to arrive 22._________ last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent. [A] He would leave school [B] He left school [C] He had left school [D] He has left school 23.Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained _________. [A] to be shown [B] to have been shown [C] to have shown [D] being shown 24.__________ that should be given priority to. [A] It is the committee has decided [B] It is only the committee has decided [C] It is what the committee has decided [D] It is what has the committee decided 25. The most interesting new cars may owe __________ the simple wisdom of hiring a few talented people and allowing them to work. [A] less local free-spiritedness than [B] less local free-spiritedness than to [C] to less local free-spiritedness than to [D] less to local free-spiritedness than to 26. Over the years, Jimmy Connors __________ phenomenal displays of tennis and temper—and at the U.S. Open last week, he exhibited both again. [A] has treated spectators with [B] has treated spectator for [C] has treated spectators [D] has treated spectators to 27. Summer holidays spent on the hot ghetto streets are __________ the time middle-class students devote to camps, exotic vacations and highly organized sports. [A] as hardly culturally enriching as [B] as hardly enriching culture as
2019年浙江大学硕士生英语机考及考博英语-听力部分模拟题(难度相当)
Test One（听力播放） Section A Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. You will hear the question only once. When you have heard the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil. 1. A. He’s worried. B. It’s getting late. C. He heard a noise outside. D. He can’t see out of the window. 2. A. Soon B. In 20 minutes. C. They don’t care. D. They don’t know. 3. A. Here. B. A pass. C. An official. D.A letter of introduction. 4. A. Home. B. To town. C. To his friends. D. To a restaurant. 5. A. She uses coffee. B. She hates coffee. C. She never liked coffee. D. She liked coffee before. 6. A. The pay isn’t important. B. They don’t need the money. C. He wants to save the money. D. He doesn’t like waiting in line for his pay. 7. A. He wants to go to sleep. B. Doctors always tell him lies. C. He doesn’t believe in medicine. D. He needs a rest without being bothered. 8. A. He eats too much. B. He kills chickens. C. He only eats chickens. D. He married a greedy person. 9. A. Buying trees. B. Who owns the tree. C. Their family trees. D. How old the tree is. 10. A. A stranger. B. A ticket seller. C. A train attendant. D. Another passenger. Section B Directions: In this section of the test you will hear three brief talks. You will hear them only once. After each one you will hear some questions. You will hear each question only once. After you hear the question, you will have 15 seconds to choose the best answer from the four choices given. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by blackening the corresponding letter with a pencil.
北京大学考博英语历年试题分析
北京大学考博英语历年试题综合分析 导言：考博英语真题的重要性 全国各大院校在制定本校英语专业考试大纲时，对英语的考核基本上不指定参考书，考生在备考时往往感到漫无目的，无所适从，所以对各大院校的考博英语历年真 题分析则显得尤为重要。华慧考博英语教研中心在历时8年的教学研究的过程中，总 结国内50多所重点院校的考博英语试题的出题特点与规律，认为考生精研各院校的历年试题对考出良好的成绩有非常大的帮助。 考博英语试题的独特性 众所周知，英语类的考试，如高考、大学英语四六级、专业四八级考试、研究生 入学考试等均由统一的命题组人员统一命制试题，命题组阵容强大，且耗费的人力、物力也不在少数，其题目基本是原创题目。而考博英语却并非这样，因此，考博英 语有其自身的独特性，考博英语的独特性主要表现在其命题方式与题目来源两方面。 首先，从命题方式来看，博士考试中，要求考生达到英语的最低分数线，这一要 求就注定了各大考博院校的英语试题的命题方式，各大考博院校不会花费大量的人力、物力及时间原创一套考博英语试题。并且各大院校为了保证其试题的准确性，一般会 选择已经考过的各类相关难度的试题，这样就可以避免出现大量的因个人学术水平方 面而引起的错误和争议。 其次，从题目来源看，各大院校的考博英语试题基本来自专四、专八、六级、杂 志文章或其它考博院校的原题，极少出现原创题目。因其题目来源的独特性，我们研 究各大院校的考博英语试题就显得非常有必要且益处极大。如果考生在考前了解了这 一情况，且充分重视这个规律，那么获得考博英语高分不是什么难事。所以考生考前 精研考博英语真题是非常有必要的。
考博英语试题的作用 考博英语试题的作用主要有三个，即指导、规划与调控作用。 指导作用。通过研读历年的考博英语试题，考生可以了解该院校的题目类型、题目来源、 题目难度等，指导考生在较短的时间内找到正确的复习方法，获得自己满意的成绩。 规划作用。考生在宏观把握所报考院校的英语试题的出题规律后，结合自身的英语情况，对自己的英语备考做出一个正确且切合实际的复习规划。 调控作用。通过研读历年的考博英语试题，以所报考院校的英语真题为标杆，随时监控与调节自己的复习计划，使自己的复习计划在最短的时间内获得满意的成绩。 由此可知，研究真题对于考生在较短时间内提升成绩是有很大帮助的。因此，华慧考博英语研究中心对北京大学历年的考博真题进行了细致且深入的研究，将北京大学考博英语的出题特点、题目类型等进行了详细论述，对下一年度的考博英语命题趋势进行了预测，并提出了针对北京大学考博英语的备考方法，让考生的复习备考更加具有针对性，让考生少走弯路，快速提高考试成绩。 以下是华慧考博英语研究中心对北京大学考博英语历年试题详细分析。 一、北京大学考博英语试题的考核要求 北京大学博士研究生非英语专业入学考试是学校为招收博士研究生而设置的选拔性考试。教育部颁布的《硕士、博士研究生英语教学大纲》规定：“博士生入学其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的水平”。根据这一规定，并结合历年招收博士研究生的具体情况，我校博士生入学英语考试既考查考生的语言知识，又注重测试考生的语言应用能力。
2011浙江大学考博英语听力原文
2011年浙江大学考博英语真题听力原文，仅供参考 第一篇 Among my experiences as a college president is the all‐too‐frequent phone call in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake‐up call in Ju ne when it was reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships. Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property‐damage and cheating on most campuses. This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the "Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — are the primary architects. It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have been allowed to or must take part‐time jobs rather than spending time in school, on homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. 31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . ×正确答案为C [A] it is easy to be a college president [B] a college president has to sit up till midnight [C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus [D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol 32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). ×正确答案为C [A] inspiration [B] stimulation [C] escape [D] relaxation 33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). ×正确答案为D [A] artists [B] experts [C] discoverers [D] designers 34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) ×正确答案为B [A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children. [B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children. [C] Parents spend too much time watching television.