语法三：状语从句
语法专题三：状语从句
1. 状语从句的类型
1) 时间状语从句：常见引导词有：
when：表示主句和从句的动作同时或先后发生，强调点，表“就在那时；突然”。
while：常表示延续性动作或状态；while也可表示对比的转折。
as soon as： 表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。
hardly / scarcely … when；no sooner … than：表示“还没来得及……就；刚……就”。
directly, immediately, instantly：副词当连词用，表示“一……就”。
the moment, the minute, the second：充当连词，等于when / as soon as。
each time, every time, next time, by the time等：也可以引导时间状语从句。
since：引导的时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。常用句型：It is + 段时间 + since从句，“自从……有多长时间了”。
until：常与not连用，表示“直到……才……”；Not until置于句首时，主句要部分倒装；在It is / was…that / who…强调结构中，须连在一起。
2) 让步状语从句：常见引导词有：although, though, as, even if, even though等。
3) 原因状语从句：常见引导词有：
because：常用于回答why, 语气最强；强调原因，常与just, only等起强调作用的副词连用；可引导表语从句。
for：是个并列连词，一般不放在句首，常表示一种推测或解释，或用作附加说明，语气弱。
as, since：常译为“既然、由于”，表示十分明显的原因，语气较弱。
now that：表示“既然”的意思。
4) 地点状语从句：常见引导词有：where, wherever等。
5) 目的状语从句：常见引导词有：that, so that, in order that等。目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。目的状语从句还可以用动词不定式来替换。
6) 结果状语从句：常见引导词有：that, so that, so … that, such … that …等。
7) 方式状语从句：由as, as if(though)等引导。
8) 比较状语从句：由than, as等引导。
9) 条件状语从句：由if, unless, so (as) long as, in case, once, a far as, on condition that等引导。
2. 注意：
1) 主将从现规则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句中，若主句用一般将来时，或是祈使句，或是含有情态动词的谓语形式，从句则用一般现在时表示将来时，如：You can join our club when you get a bit older.
2) 疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别：疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句和让步状语从句；no matter + 疑问词，只能引导让步状语从句。
巩固练习：
1.______ you’ve tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.
A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When
2. He left in ______ a h
urry ______ he forgot his key.
A. such, that B. so, that C. the same, as D. such, as
3. He has loved me ______ I were his son.
A. because B. as C. if D. as though
4. I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some ______.
A. as last B. in case C. once again D. in time
5. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up ______ I could answer.
A. as B. since C. before D. until
6. We must do it well, ______there are a lot of difficulties.
A. as if B. as though C. even though D. even as
7. ______ has taken part in the Athens Olympic Games is worth praising no matter ______ he has won medals or not.
A. Who; if B. Anyone; whether C. Whoever; whether D. Whoever; how
8. ---It’s a long time ______ I saw you last.
---Yes, and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time ______ we see each other again.
A. before; since B. since; when C. since; before D. when; before
9. The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort______ he returned to his office.
A. until B. while C. by the time D. the moment
10. He had already walked three or four miles______ he saw a cart by the side of the road.
A. while B. when C. the moment D. unless
11. Much ______ the young couple needed money to make the down payment for the apartment, they wouldn’t ask their parents for help.
A. although B. as C. even if D. while
12. I have kept the photo ______ I can always see it, as it reminds me of the days when I studied in Britain.
A. at which B. when C. where D. at the place
13. I would appreciate it ______ you can help me with my English this afternoon.
A. because B. until C. when D. if
14. ______ you may be right, I can’t altogether agree.
A. As B. While C. If D. Since
15.______ was 1998 ______ I graduated from the university.
A. It; when B. It; that C. That; when D. That; that
16. The famous scientist grew up ______ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever
17. “It gives me great joy and I feel more pressure than I did ______ I won in China,” Ding Junhui said.
A. that B. when C. which D. how
18. Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses ______ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.
A. because B. through C. unless D. if
19. John shut everyone out of the kitchen _____ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A. which B. when C. so that D. as if
20. ______ everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk a
ny more.
A. For B. Even C. Since D. However