小学英语语法讲解-动词
动词
一、动词的概念：表示动作、状态、行为等的词叫动词。
二、动词的分类：英语中的动词分为连系动词、助动词、情态动词和行为动词（实义动词）四大类。
1. 连系动词：这类动词通常表示特征、情感、变化等的状态，不可单独作谓语，必须和后面的表语一起构成系表结构，才能充当句子的谓语。常见的连系动词主要有：be(am, is, are), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), become(变成), get(变得)等。如：1. My father is a doctor.
2. The kite looks like a cat.
3. The hamburger smells very delicious.
4. It gets warmer and warmer in spring.
2. 助动词: 这类动词本身无意义，在句子中不能单独作谓语，需要和行为动词一起构成各种时态或语态，并帮助行为动词构成否定句或疑问句。
常见的助动词主要有：一般现在时态中的助动词有：do和does。如：(1) I do n’t go to school on Saturday and Sunday. (2) She/He does n’t go to school on Saturday and Sunday. (3) Do you go to school on Sunday? (4) Does she go to school on Sunday? (5) What do you do? (6)What does she/he do?
现在进行时态中的助动词有：be(am, is, are)。如：(1) I am playing ping-pong now. (2) She/He is playing ping-pong now. (3)We are playing ping-pong now.
(4) I am not playing ping-pong now. (5) She/He is n’t playing ping-pong now. (6) We are n’t playing ping-pong now. (7) Are you playing ping-pong now? (8) Is she/he playing ping-pong now. (9) What are you doing now? (10) What is she/he doing?
一般将来时态中的助动词有：be going to结构中的be(am, is are), will和shall。如：(1) I am going to swim tomorrow. (2) She/He is going to swim tomorrow. (3) We are going to swim tomorrow. (4) I am not going to swim tomorrow. (5) She/He is n’t going to swim tomorrow. (6) We are n’t going to swim tomorrow. (7) Are you going to swim tomorrow? (8) Is she/he going to swim tomorrow? (9) What are you going to do tomorrow? (10) What is she/he going to do tomorrow? (11) I will swim tomorrow. (12) I will not swim tomorrow.
(13) Shall we swim tomorrow? (14) What will you do tomorrow?
一般过去时态中的助动词有：did.如：(1) I did n’t go to school yesterday. (2) Did you go to school yesterday? (3) What did you do yeaterday?
3. 情态动词：这类动词表示说话人的语气和情态，虽然他们有一定的词义，但是在句子中也不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语，变成否定句在他们后面加not, 变成疑问句把他们提到主语的前面。常见的情态动词有：
can/could(能、会); may(可以); must(必须); will/would(愿意); shall/should(应该).如：(1) I can play soccer. (2) May I help you? (3)You must do you homework now.
（4）Would you like to play with us? (5) We should not be late for school.
4. 行为动词（实义动词）：这类动词表示动作或状态，具有实际的意义，能在句子中独立充当句子的谓语，也叫实义动词。如：say, sing, swim, help, want 等。
三、动词的形式
绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
a. 行为动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则：
1.一般情况下在动词后加s。如：look-looks, like-likes, live-lives, play-plays
2.以x,s, sh, ch, o结尾的动词后加es。如：pass-passes, wash-washes, brush-brushes, watch-watches, catch-catches, teach-teaches, touch-touches, do-does, go-goes.
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y改为i再加es。如：fly-flies cry-cries
4.have的第三人称单数形式是has.
b. 行为动词的现在分词形式的变化规则：
1.一般情况下，直接在动词末尾加ing。如：look-looking, play-playing, sing-singing
2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing。如：make-making, leave-leaving, come-coming
3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping, shop-shopping, swim-swimming, skip-skipping
4.以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y再加ing。如：lie-lying
c. 行为动词的过去式的变化规则：
1.一般情况在动词末尾加-ed.如：look-looked, miss-missed, play-played,
2.以e结尾的动词直接在词尾加d. 如：arrive-arrived,
3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped, shop-shopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied
d. 不规则的行为动词的过去式：（同学们要逐个记牢！）
1.完全不规则：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, go-went, see-saw, say-said, have-had, fly-flew, speak-spoke, buy-bought, bring-brought, think-thought, teach-taught, eat-ate, lie-lay, can-could, will-would, take-took.
2.改变其中的元、辅音字母：give-gave, get-got, forget-forgot, come-came, run-ran, sing-sang, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, ride-rode, swim-swam，shine-shone, grow-grew, find-found, win-won, lose-lost, make-made, know-knew.
3.原形和过去式同形：read-read, put-put, hit-hit, hurt-hurt, cost-cost
动词专项练习题
一、写出下列动词的相应形式:
a.写出下列行为动词的单数第三人称形式(单三式):
look- cook- listen- come- pass-
brush- wash- watch- teach- catch-
go- do- cry- fly- have-
b.写出下列行为动词的现在分词形式：
look- read- listen- play- laugh-
sing- ski- jump- eat- cry-
fly- have- dance- make- take-
come- leave- arrive- skate- run-
sit- put- get- hit- swim-
begin- shop- skip- lie-
c.写出下列行为动词的过去式：
look- miss- play- ask- answer- arrive- live- cry- study- stop-
am\is- are- do- go- have-
see- buy- bring- think- teach-
say- eat- lie- can- will- give-
come- swim- grow- take- run-
find- win- lose- make- sing-
hurt- hit- read- put-
二、选择正确的答案：
( )1. Jenny and I _______in Canada .
A. lives
B. living
C. live
D. lived
( ) 2. Li Ming is _____to Canada .
A. come
B. coming
C. comes
D. came
( ) 3. Did you _____ a good trip?
A. have
B. has
C. had
D. having
( ) 4.I’ll ___you the rooms in my hous e.
A. showing
B. to show
C.show
D. shows
( ) 5.You can _ your hands in the bathroom.
A. washes
B. washed
C. wash
D. washing ( ) 6. Please ____ me the peas.
A.passing
B. to pass
C. pass
D. passes
( ) 7. Jenny and Danny want ____ TV.
A. to watch
B. watching
C. watches
D. watched ( ) 8. Jenny usually ____a sandwich for lunch.
A. eat
B. ate
C. eats
D. eating
( ) 9.How many lines _____a triangle?
A.make
B. makes
C.making
D. made
( ) 10. Let’s _______a triangle for always.
A. putting
B. puts
C.put
D. to put
( ) 11. I like____in the sun.
A. sit
B. to sit
C. sits
D. siting
( ) 12. On a holiday , people ___walk.
A.doesn’t
B.don’t
C. aren’t
D.isn’t
( ) 13. Jenny __ _ a Christmas tree to school yesterday.
A. bring
B. brings
C. brought
D.is bring ( ) 14. I am going ______to school.
A. walk
B. to walk
C. walking
D. walks
( ) 15. Would you like ______ _ to play ping-pong.
A. learning
B. learn
C.to learn
D. learns
( ) 16. I am ______ the ball to Jenny.
A. hitting
B. hit
C. hits
D. hiting
( ) 17. They usually ___ each other a sport.
A.teaching
B.tought
C.teach
D.teaches
( ) 18. He ______basketball for fun on Sunday.
A.plays
B.play
C.playing
D.played
( ) 19. Everyone ____ _ to be strong and healthy.
A. wanted
B. wants
C. want
D. wanting ( ) 20. I see some people _____kites.
A.fly
B. flying
C. to fly
D. flies
( ) 21. Who ___ Bob?
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. be
( ) 22. Can you find some people ______ cards?
A. playing
B.play
C.played
D. plays ( ) 23. How often ____ they eat breakfast last week?
A.does
B. do
C.did
D. doing
( ) 24. Before breakfast he ______his hands.
A. wash
B. washes
C. to wash
D. washed ( ) 25. Jenny is ______up.
A. wake
B. to wake
C. waking
D. wakeing ( ) 26. Saturday and Sunday _____ different.
A. is
B. am
C.are
D. be
( ) 27. Good food ____ your body healthy.
A. make
B. makes
C. to made
D. making ( ) 28. Let’s see how often Danny _____vegetables.
A. eats
B.eat
C. ate
D. eating
( ) 29. Last summer, we ____to a lake.
A. go
B. goes
C. went
D. going
( ) 30. I will ______Canada.
A. miss
B. missed
C. misses
D. missing ( ) 31. Beaches ______sand.
A. have
B. has
C. had
D. having ( ) 32. What do you wear to go ?
A . swim B. swiming C. swimming D. swims ( ) 33. Danny ____the basketball was heavy.
A. say
B.says
C. said
D. saying
( ) 34. What time _____it begin?
A. do
B. is
C. does
D. do
( ) 35. Let’s ______ tell him.
A. not
B. doesn’t
C. don’t
D. aren’t