如何做信息匹配题

如何做信息匹配题
如何做信息匹配题

步骤/方法

1. 1

一扭转做题思维正面攻破先要扭转做题思维,不是找到句子答案所在,而是判断这句话在哪一段会出现。做过大量判断题和配对题的练习之后,我们往往形成定向思维,认为文中一定有固定答案点。然而信息段落配对题里的信息题干并非完全的同义转换文中句子。所以我们首要明确,考官出这个题是要考察我们什么阅读能力,我认为不是细节阅读能力,而是对文章框架思路的把握能力。

2. 2

二预览题干,明确判断词所谓判断词,不等同于定位词。判断词是指这句话独一无二的信息点。

3. 3

三快速掌握文章脉络既然不找,那怎么样判断呢?那就是通过阅读中心句快速掌握文章脉络。中心句一般出现在首位句,转折词如but 或者因果关系联接词如as a result 引领的第二句,或者问句后面的答句。一般建议在找到中心句后,读一下末句,可以更精确地掌控段意。若无特别明显的中心句,首尾句的阅读也有助于理解段意。阅读过程当中,有的信息点明确可直接先去选出答案。

4. 4

四判断信息所在段落最后当然是判断信息所在段落,能够迅速找到信息所在句子当然是最好的。但其实这难度较大而且不一定是必须一步。

5. 5

五充分利用信息段落配对题节省回读时间有同学会认为把全文中心句看了有必要吗?如果只为了4或5道信息段落配对题,信价比的确不高。但往往其他题目题干信息答案点都出现在中心句或段落首位句,所以可以节省大量的信息搜索时间,考生可以通过上述的几篇文章得到答案。那有同学会问,与其这样,还不如反过来先做别的题型,这样也是一种方法,但不利于对文章思路整体性的把握。

A: 传统方法

首先,我们和处理其他细节题一样,先把题目中的信息浏览一下,确定每点信息的核心词汇,即 key word。带着对关键词的瞬间记忆,以文章的自然顺序开始逐段阅读。每段读完后按照段中信息去匹配意思相关的选项。由于信息定位题本身是乱序的,有可能第一题选最后一段,而最后一题却选第一段,故不可按题目顺序解题,并且建议第一题答案尽量不要在第一段耗时过久,往往答案在后面。如果遇到不太确定答案的题目,暂时空出,继续按文章顺序往后解题。这种方法其实是最保险的方法因为逐段阅读保证了不会有信息的遗漏,然而这种方法对考生的英语水平提出了极高的要求因为它需要考生能够读懂每一句话,这就对考生提出了极高的要求因为很多考生并不能做的这一点,而且这种题目的每一个考点都要对原文进行改写。比如,题目中是I need to go to the bathroom,文中信息会换成难词委婉的表达,如I want to answer the call of nature。

Q5:那么有没有一种更快速更高效并能保证大部分题目在短时间内能解决

的方法呢?

A:从本质上来讲雅思阅读中我们读的都是议论文和说明文,议论文和说明文在写法上较为收敛基本都是总分或分总的结构,所以段落里面的任何一句话应该无外乎承担了两种作用:一、主题句。二:支持主题的句子。这种段落信息匹配题本质就是改写了段中的某一个句子,所以其实也就是要么对主题句进行了改写,要么对支持主题句的句子进行了改写,所以就应该与段落的主旨有着千丝万缕的联系。一次笔者提出了一个大胆的新方法

结合上述内容笔者大胆的提出了一个新方法---结构呼应法

结构阅读法

一、审题划出意义关键词。

在这个步骤中我们应该适当的对选项位置进行预测。一篇议论文或说明文一般按照两种方式来发展文章。一、提出问题-分析问题-解决问题。二、按一个事物的时间发展顺序来安排。

依然以剑桥雅思6 - Test3 – Passage 1 – Page 65来分析

Which paragraph contains the following information?

1,the location of the first cinema

2,how cinema came to focus on stories

3,the speed with which cinema has changed

4,how cinema teaches us about other cultures

5,the attraction of actors in films

第一题中出现了一个词first cinema标明为早期的时间,所以题目应对应文中开头的部分所以答案出现在了文章的第一段。第二题和第四题都体现了如何改变,这种信息是对发展过程的描述所以只能在文中中后部分出现。综上所述通过对选项的分析很多道题的大致位置是可以判断出来的。

二、逐段阅读原文,精读首、末句.(最有可能出现Topic Sentence的地方)

笔者经过对剑桥系列所有的段落归属题发现这种题目在文章对应的句子出现的位置很有规律,大部分的对应句(70%以上)都对应在了每段的首、二、末句。而这些位置的句子最有可能反应了文中最核心的思想即主题句的位置,

三、寻找关键词与首、末句的改写关系和支持关系

以剑七Test 1, Passage 1 Let’s Go Bats为例

Question 1-5

1,Examples of wildlife other than bats which do not rely on vision to navigate by除了蝙蝠之外不靠视力导航的野生动物的例子)

2,How early mammals avoided dying out(早期哺乳动物如何避免灭绝) 3,Why bats hunt in the dark(为什么蝙蝠在黑暗中捕猎)

4,How a particular discovery has helped our understanding of bats (一个发现是如何帮助我们理解蝙蝠的)

5,Early military use of echolocation(回声定位的早期军事用途)

当我们把选项关键词都看完之后<<<<选项关键词分别是什么?>>>>我们依然可以进行大胆的预测

第一题的关键词为examples of wildlife , 根据写作规律一般作者的例子信息一般不会出现在文章的首末端,大致范围应该是在中间

第二题出现了一个early表示早期的时间词所以我们可以预测在文章前面。(议论文或说明文一般按正常的时间顺序安排信息)

第三题出现了why表原因属于分析原因的范畴所以也应该在前面,(文章一般是提出问题-分析问题-解决问题、应用)

第五题出现了use属于应用的范畴所以应该对应文章后半部分的信息

接下来我们精读段落的首、末句。

A段的第一句和第二句为:Bats have a problem: how to find their way around in the dark. They hunt at night, and cannot use light to help them find prey and avoid obstacles. 在段落中没有出现明显的转折所以我们基本可以判定段落中心思想为描述篇幅在黑暗中的情况。第二题的核心内容在讲述为什么蝙蝠在黑暗中捕猎。与段落内容不谋而合,所以选在了A段。

B段的前两句:

Bats have an engineering problem: how to find their way and find their prey in the absence of light. Bats are not the only creature to face this difficulty today .第二句既然说了蝙蝠不是唯一的生物面临该问题,作者在破了一个观点之后必然会告诉我们一个新观点,即一定会告诉我们还有什么生物。另外本段的最后一句Plenty of other modern animals make their living in conditions where seeing is difficult or impossible也表明了本段应该提到了一些其它生物所以第一题应该选在这一段。

C段前两句Given the questions of how to manoeuvre in the dark, what solutions might an engineer consider? The first one that might occur to him is to manufacture light, to use a lantern or a searchlight表明了本段主要是在讨论一些解决方案,而选项中并无任何与解决方案有内容关联性的选项。

D 段前两句 What else might the engineer think of ? Well, blind humans sometimes seem to have an uncanny sense of obstacles in their path表明了本段讨论了其它的考虑并引入了盲人的例子。貌似与选项没有任何关联性。但是末句说Both sides in the Second World War relied heavily on these devices, under such codenames as Asdic(British) and Sonar(American), as well as Radar(American) or RDF(Bitish), which uses radio echoes rather than sound echoes。从末句中我们看出了一个选项Early military use of echolocation中的军事用途和战争有关所以选在了这一段。

E段The Sonar and Radar Pioneers didn’t know it then, but all the word now knows that bats, or rather natural selection working on bats, had perfected the system tens of millions of years earlier, and their ‘radar’ achie ves feats of detection and navigation that would strike an engineer dumb with admiration. 这么长的句子表明了本段的中心是在介绍和雷达有关的内容,选项中并没有体现。

通过读段落结构我们五道题里已经明显做出了三道题。接下来我们分析一下剩下的两道题,第二道题说的是早期哺乳动物的,按照时间应该在前面另外按照文章结构我们看出只有前两段在讲和动物有关的内容所以如果细读就只用读前两段。这样我们五道题就作出了四道,对于这种难题已经正确率很高了。

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