关于英语新闻翻译的一切!包括词汇翻译学术必备学习

关于英语新闻翻译的一切!包括词汇翻译学术必备学习
关于英语新闻翻译的一切!包括词汇翻译学术必备学习

美式论文、报告写作技巧

编者按:美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用,因此,报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式,比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文(含毕业论文)等。研究生presentation 及seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重,有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩,是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。

美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯,在启发式的教育环境下,写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生,虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强,但是表达能力由於自小培养,加上英语能力的优势,常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练,因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦,其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难,只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。

通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries),本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成;而这三大部分各自内容如下:

(一) 篇首:

封面(Title)

序言(Preface)

谢词(Acknowledge)

提要(Summary)

目录(Tables and Appendixes)

(二) 本文:

引言(Introduction)

主体,含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释(Footnotes)

(三)参考资料:

参考书目(References or Bibliography)

附录资料(Appendix)。

进行论文或报告写作之前,先要确定想要表达的主题,主题确定后,将其具体表达,即为题目。题目可以提供研究者:

一.研究的方向

二.研究的范围

三.资料搜集的范围

四.预期研究成果

通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究,建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资

料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或Proposal 的先前步骤,大纲是论文、报告的骨干,Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告,要基于在完整、详实的资料上,而参考资料除了和教授商借之外,最主要的来源就是图书馆了,一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志,及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料,在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪,即可开始着手写报告,一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告,及小报告如Seminar 式的报告。

就算是小报告,也至少应含

(一)TITLE PAGES :包含主题名称、作者、日期

(二)Summary:即主要的结论

(三)Introduction:包括理论背景及内容

(四)Technical Sections:是论文的主体,为最重要的部份应再细分为几个片断。

(五)Conclusions:即扼要的结论

(六)Appendixes:复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在此项

美式报告的撰写通常要打字,两行式,行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑,如有计算数字统计图表的需求,也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS,统计分析软体如SAS,也是不可或缺的,电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具,文书处理更是最基本的要求,因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改,如能请老美帮忙会比较好。

论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation),用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战,通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟,若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助,正式讲演前多预习几次,时间宜控制适中,上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念,需留意听众的反应,切中主题,避免太多数字的导引。

英语新闻系列讲座词汇特色(1)

现代社会发展迅猛,其结果之一便是新词语不断涌现。新中国成立以来,尤其是改革开放以来,现代汉语中出现了大量的新词汇,包括旧词新义、流行语、外来新词语等;甚至不少己湮没多年的旧词语也频频亮相,给人们,尤其是年轻一代,以耳目一新之感。在改革开放的今天,由于词典等工具书的编纂周期难以赶上现实生活中新词语的产生速度,广大英语学习者面临的一大难题就是,如何把这些新词语译成地道的英语。而英语报刊正好起到了为一般双语词典“拾遗补缺”的作用,如“双休日”、“拳头产品”、“人才流动”、“外向型经济”、“三资企业”、“扫黄运动”、“不正之风”、“小康水平”、“退居二线”、“有偿新闻”,“与国际接轨”等词语的英译,首先都是见诸英语报端的。现列举几则摘自英语报刊含有这类新词语英语表达的实例,以资佐证:

1)Taking advantage of the two-day dayoffs,he basked in the spring sunshine with his family.

(他和家人一起沐浴在春天的阳光之下,享受双休日所带来的乐趣。)

2)The central government called on every region to develop its own export-oriented hit products according to its local advantages and characteristic.

(中央政府号召各地利用本地优势和特点开发当地的出口型拳头产品。)

3)In order to fully tap the human resources,the rational flow of trained personnel should not only be allowed but also be encouraged.

(为了充分发掘人才潜力,不仅应该允许人才合理流动,而且还要鼓励人才流动。)

4)To further develop the export一oriented economy,Shanghai is to make a number of preferential policies soon to encourage business people both at home and abroad to set up more enterprises in the the three forms of ventures,i.e. enterprises for Sino-foreign joint venture,for Sino-foreign co-production and enterprises with sole foreign capital.

(为了进一步发展外向型经济,上海最近将出台一系列优惠政策,以鼓励国内外经营者创建更多的三资企业,即中外合资企业、中外合作企业和外商独资企业。)

5)The disappearance of such materials as pornographic and obscene books,periodicals and tapes is proof that China''s campaign against porns is making progress.

(黄色书刊及音响制品现己难觅踪迹,这证明了中国的扫黄运动正在取得进展。)

6)Some austere measures should be taken to check the unhealthy tendencies which,according to the press exposures ,were rampant in some localities.

(从新闻媒介所暴露的情况来看,不正之风在一些地区已非常严重,必须采取严格措施刹住这股歪风。)

7)The next ojective for the Chinese people to strive for is to reach the well-to-do level.(中国人民的下一个奋斗目标是在本世纪末达到小康水平。)

8)He works enthusiastically as ever even though he has retired from the leading post.(尽管己退居二线,他的工作热情丝毫不减。)

9)Journalists should firmly object to the payoffs-aimed fournalism which deviates from press ethics.

(新闻记者应坚决反对有偿新闻,因为它违背了新闻记者的职业道德。)

10)Many large companies in Shanghai have geared themselves to the international conventions and set up aftersales services accepting repairs and dealing with customers,complaints.

(上海的许多大公司都专门设有售后服务中心,接受维修业务和处理客户投诉,目的在于与国际接轨。)

以上诸例显示,阅读英语报刊不失为接触现代英语脉搏的一条事半功倍的捷径,这是传统教科书和一般双语词典所望尘莫及的。这一特点无疑有助于英语学习者紧紧跟上现代英语的发展步伐和提高英语的表达能力。类似的新词英译在英语报刊中俯拾即是,再举数例,以飨读者:

China''s actual conditions 中国国情

bonded area 保税区

be honest in performing one''s official duties 廉洁奉公

build a clean and honest government; construction of a clean government 廉政建设abuse of power for personal gain;misuse of power for private interest 以权谋私corruption reporting centre 举报中心

be responsible for one''s own profit and loss 自负盈亏

jack up price 哄抬物价

with the inflation factors deducted; inflation adjusted 扣除物价上涨因素

bureaucrat profiteering;bureaucrat racketeering 官倒

single youth above the normal matrimonial age 大龄青年

agricultural people to be given non-agricultural status 农转非

英语新闻系列讲座词汇特色(2)

现代英语中表达新事物、新概念的新词新义大多是率先出现在英语报刊中,然后再流行于世的。这是因为一件新事物的出现,首先需要通过媒体来向大众宣传,这样,新事物的名称也就通过新闻先被人们所认识了。如euthanasia(安乐死),AIDS [acquired immune deficiency syndrome (艾滋病)],elevated highways (高架道路),information superhighway(信息高速公路),beeper (无线传呼机,俗称“拷机”、BP机),cellular phone (移动电话),value-added tax (增值税),latchkey child (挂钥匙的孩子),CD [compact disc (光盘)],hula hoop(呼拉圈),surfing (冲浪运动),talk(ing)show(访谈节目;谈话类节目),karaoke (卡拉OK)等新词,无一不是通过英语报刊等媒介传播后而为人们所熟知的。

可见,新闻媒介是日新月异的当今世界政治、经济、科技、文化乃至社会生活等各个触角的最佳表现渠道,现代英语中新词语的出现与这些领域里产生的新事物、新问题、新现象等无不一一有着千丝万缕的关系。现代汉语里这类因现实生活中新事物而出现的新词也比比皆是,如“物质文明”(material progress )、“精神文明”(intellectual and ideological development)、“五讲四美三热爱” (five advocatings,four points of beauty and three aspects of love)、“扒分”(moonlight)、“斩(宰)客”(rip off)、“打白条”(issue IOUs)、“关系网”(network of personal connections )、“下海”(risk one''s fortune in business)、“跳槽”(job-hop)等等。因此,这类新词的出现是伴随着特定的政治、社会等环境而产生的,因此他们具有明显的社会性,易于被读者所普遍接受。如1957年10月4日,前苏联发射了世界上第一颗人造卫星,开辟了人类探索宇宙的新纪元,一时举世翘首,瞩望天空。英语新闻报道将它按俄文字母拼为Sputnik I Satellite。之后,sputnik一词因广为使用而被载入词典,解释为“人造卫星”。

又如,1969年7月20日,美国阿波罗号(Apollo) 宇宙飞船登月成功,许多国家的传播媒介竞相报道,由此也产生了大量有关的新词,现都已广泛使用在日常英语中,如moonwalk(月面行走),moonman (登月飞行员;月球飞行研究者),moonfall(登月),moonscape(月面景色),moonrock(月球岩石),mooncraft(月球飞船),moonport(月球火箭发射场),moonset(月落),moonship(月球飞船),moon shoot(<火箭、宇宙飞船等>向月球发射;月射),earthrise(地出),space sickness(宇航病),space suit (宇航服),space travel(太空旅行),space walk(太空行走),spaceflight(宇宙飞行),Space Age(航天时代;太空时代),space cadet(宇宙飞行迷),space colony(宇宙空间移民区),space industry(航天工业),spacelift(宇宙运输),space race(太空竞争),space science(航天科学),等等。

此外,现代英语中旧词添新义的现象也往往是最先在英语报刊等传媒中创下新例,以后经人仿效,达到相当程度的普遍性后,才逐渐被吸收进词典里,正式成为现代英语词汇家族里二员的。如,hawk和dove这两个词原意分别为“鹰”和“鸽”,前者现常被新闻记者用来指代政府内阁或议会中主张用武力解决争端的“强硬派”(又译“鹰派”),而后者常指代主张用和平手段解决争端的“温和派”(又译“鸽派”)。又如,gay这个词,原意为“快乐的”,现常在英语报刊

里用来指“同性恋的”或“同性恋者”。一系列与 gay有关的词也随之产生,包括gay—in(同性恋者集会<或淫乱)),gay bar(同性恋者酒吧),gay boy (同性恋男子),gayfriend(同性恋对象),gay civil rights(同性恋公民权),gay community(同性恋群居村)和gay lib(同性恋解放运动;争取同性恋权利运动)等。再如,think和tank两词原义分别为“思考”和“箱、柜”,但“think tank”这个新词组经过英语报刊等新闻载体广为运用后己正式编入词典,表示“智囊团”或“顾问班子”之义。最近有人将它译为“思想库”,已是直译了。再如,brain一词原义主要为“头脑”,现己与一些名词、动词构成许多具有新义的词语,如brain box(电脑,电子计算机),brainchild(脑力劳动成果),brain drain(人才外流),brain gain(人才流入),brainstorm(群策群力;献计献策),brain trust(智囊团),brain truster(智囊;顾问),brainwash(对...实行

洗脑;强制灌输),brainwork(脑力劳动),brainworker(脑力劳动者)。此类词在英语发展过程中原有的词义得到扩展和引申,不仅给常用词带来简洁有力的新义,而且还使它们具有形象化的表达力,因此它们不但为人们所喜爱,并且越来越广泛地得到应用。它们有时虽然与原意风马牛不相及,但在英语报刊中却层出不穷,大大丰富了现代英语的词汇。当然,这类词义的变化,其结果常造成它的引申义得到强化而本义却被掩盖。遇到这类词时,最好多加留意,切不可望文生义。

英语新闻系列讲座词汇特色(3)

由于新闻报道需要经常直率或含蓄地转述、援引新闻人物或其他有关人士的谈话,因此,英语报刊频频出现表示“某某人说的”的“说”(say)。但是,事实上,新闻报道所涉及到的说话人的神态和语气在不同场合或氛围中不尽相同,这是“say”这个中性词所无法确切体现的。为此,英语记者有时酌情选用一些表达“说话”之意的近义词,以弥补“say”这个中性词在涵义、修辞色彩方面的缺憾。这样,不仅可避免say一词的重复出现,又能使报道文笔增色不少。

例如下面一篇新闻报道就撷选了多种有关“说”的近义词,请留意划线部分:

Chinese Ambassador on Sino-U.S. Tie

The new Chinese ambassador to the United states has urged Americans to consider the British agreement to return Hong Kong to China as an example for Taiwan,warning that U.S.-Taiwan ties could lead to serious friction with Beijing.

In an interview with a news agency,Han Xu,the third Chinese ambassador to U.S.since China-U.s.ties were restored in l979,noted other problems in relations,including the deadlock over nuclear cooperation caused largely by Beijing''s refusal to accept U.S. controls. He also mentioned points of discord on trade.

But he emphasized the Taiwan question,which he called a crucial issue.Mr.Han warned that the United States must carry out its pledge to stop supplying weapons to Taiwan,and voiced regret at the slowness with which the sales were being reduced.

Mr. Han noted that this year,the United States was selling 760 million dollars worth of

arms to Taiwan,“a cut of 20 million dollars per year.”

“By this speed,”he continued,“it would take 38 years more. I have no chance to see the solution in my life. The speed is too slow. We expected it not to be so slow.”

Mr. Han also denounced the use of a nominally unofficial body,the coordination council for North America,to retain U.S.-Taiwan ties. The U.S. granting of diplomatic priv ileges to Taiwanese members of this body,he added,constituted a violation of Chinese sovereignty.

中国大使谈中美关系

中国新任驻美国大使力劝美国以英国将香港主权归还给中国的协定为榜样,来解决台湾问题,并警告说美国同台湾的关系可能导致它同北京的严重不和。

韩叙是1979年中美关系恢复以来的第三任驻美大使,他在接受一家通讯社的采访中提到了两国关系中的其他问题,其中包括主要因北京拒绝接受美国的控制而出现的核合作上的僵局。他还提到了两国贸易上存在的一些分歧。

但是,他特别强调台湾问题,说这是一个“关键性问题”。他告诫美国应履行诺言,停止向台湾出售武器,并对美国在减少出售武器上的缓慢速度表示遗憾。

韩先生说,今年美国向台湾出售了价值为7.6亿美元的武器,“每年只减少2000万美元。”

“照这样的速度,”他说,“还要38年的时间,我在有生之年是看不到它的结局了。这种速度太慢了,我们不希望如此缓慢。”

韩先生还谴责了美国利用北美协调委员会这一名义上非官方的机构来维持同台湾的关系。他说美国允许台湾人员在这一机构中享有外交特权,这构成了对中国主权的侵犯。

这类同义词在英语新闻报道中屡见不鲜,值得读者在学习、辨析英语同义词时加以注意和收集。现再列出一些经常见诸报端表示“说”的近义动词,供参考:

acknowlege 承认

add 接着说;又说

admit 承认

affirm 肯定;确认

allege宣称

analyze 分析道

announce 宣布

argue 争辩;主张

assert 断言

boast 夸口说

caution 告诫说

claim 声称

complain 抱怨说

concede承认

conclude 断定;下结论

confess 供认;承认

contend 争辩

continue 接着说

contradict 反驳;否定

declare 声明声称

deny 否认

disclose 透露

elaborate 详细述说

emphasize 详述;阐明

exclaim 大声说;呼喊

explain 解释说

go on 继续说;接着说

imply 暗示

insist坚持说;主张

maintain 主张;认为

note 谈及;表明

object 提出异议;反对;反驳

observe 评述

pledge 保证

proclaim 宣告;声明

protest 抗议

reaffirm 重申

reiterate 重申

remark 议论

reply 回答

refute 反驳

reveal 透露

state 声明;声称

stress 着重说;强调

suggest 建议

tell 告诉;告知

urge 敦促;力劝

warn 警告说;告诫

英语新闻系列讲座词汇特色(4)

英语报刊的读者是极其广泛的,他们的文化程度高低悬殊,这就要求记者尽量使用大多数人都能理解而又生动形象的词语。其中较有效的手段之一就是经常在新闻报道中借用各国首都、大城市等地名、著名建筑物名称以及政府首脑姓名,以替代该国或其政府及有关机构。

有时还借用某个物名来表示某个意思,这实属新闻英语的一个独创。例如:

Urged by the Kohl administration,school boards round the country are planning to abandon traditional salary schedules and single out outstanding teachers for massive pay rises.

在科尔政府的督促下,全国各地的教育委员会正在计划抛开传统的工资单,选拔杰出的教师作为大规模增加工资的对象。

America''s trading partners in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT)formally charged Washington today with violating the rules of the trading agreement with its l5 percent surtax on imports.

美国在关贸总协定的贸易伙伴今天正式指控,华盛顿破坏了贸易协定的原则,对进口商品征收15%的附加税。

In line with such thinking,President Clinton argued last week forcontinued American assistance for the Kremlin''s economic reform.

根据这样的想法,克林顿总统上周为继续援助克里姆林宫的经济改革进行辩护。

以上三例中的划线部分Kohl(德国总理),Washington(美国首都华盛顿)和the Kremlin(俄罗斯政府所在地克里姆林宫)显然分别表示德国、美国和俄罗斯三国政府。

当然,英语报刊中经常借用的人名、物名、建筑物名称乃至别名等专有名词多属习常见惯的。现再举一些这类词语以及它们所表示的意义,供参考:

Beantown(豆城)美国波士顿市

Big Apple(大苹果)美国纽约市

Big Board(纽约证券交易所的大行情板)纽约证券所/纽约股市

Broadway(百老汇大街)美国或纽约市商业性戏剧(业)

Capitol/Capitol Hill/Hill(美国国会所在地)国会山、美国国会

City of Angels(天使城)洛杉矶

City of Brotherly Love(博爱城)费城

City by the Golden Gate(金门城)旧金山市

Crescent City(新月城)新奥尔良市

Dice City(赌城)(美国以夜总会和赌场著称的)拉斯韦加斯市

Empire State(帝国州)纽约州

Foggy Bottom[美国国务院等政府机构所在地(雾谷)]美国政府

Film Capital of the World(世界影都)好莱坞

Ford[(美国)福特牌汽车]畅销货

Fun City(逍遥城)纽约市

Golden State(黄金州)加利福尼亚州

Hollywood(好莱坞)美国电影业;美国电影界

Hub of the Universe(宇宙中心)波士顿市

Land of Lincoln(林肯的故乡)、美国伊利诺斯州

Madison Avenue(美国广告业中心)麦迪逊大街美国广告业/美国商业

Mother of Presidents(总统之母)美国弗吉尼亚州或俄亥俄州

Motor City/Motown(汽车城)底特律市

Pentagon/Penta(五角大楼)美国国防部

Steel City(钢城)匹兹堡市

Windy City(多风城)芝加哥市

Uncle Sam(山姆大叔)美国政府;美国人

Wall Street(华尔街)美国金融界;美国金融市场

White House(白宫)美国政府;美国总统

Buckingham Palace[(英国王宫)白金汉宫] 英国皇室

the City[(英国首都伦敦市中心)伦敦城] 英国商业界;英国金融界

Downing StreetNo.10/No.10 Downing Street [(英国首相官邸和一些主要政府部门所在地)唐宁街10号]英国首相;英国政府

Fleet Street(舰队街)英国新闻界

Scotland Yard(苏格兰场;伦敦警察局)伦敦警方

Elysee[(法国总统官邱)爱丽舍宫]法国政府;法国总统

Maginot Line[(第二次大战前法国所筑防御阵地体系)马其诺防线]盲目行动;迷恋于维持现状

Quai d''Orsay[(法国外交部附近地名)凯道赛码头]法国外交部;法国外交政策;法国政府Bermuda/Bermuda Triangle[百慕大(魔鬼)三角]危险的禁区

Horn of Africa(非洲之角)索马里和埃塞俄比亚

Zhongnanhai(中南海)中国政府

英语新闻系列讲座词汇特色(5)

英语新闻经常在消息报道中把新闻出处交代清楚,一一标明,这是因为记者深知读者阅报时往往较注重消息的来源。为了显示其报道“真实”、“客观” 、“可信”,丝毫不带个人观点或态度,记者通常不仅对新闻事实,而且也对有关的言论、观点、意见等一一说明来源。例如:

WASHINGTON,JULY 8(UPl)-CNN hopes to feature Asia more prominently in its news programs in order to share in Japan''s estimated $50 billiOn in advertising revenue this year, according to NEWSWEEK

[合众国际社华盛顿7月8日电]据《新闻周刊》报道,为了在今年日本估计为500亿美元的广告收入中占有份额,美国有线新闻网希望在其新闻节目中更加突出亚洲特色。

BEIJING,AUG.19 (Reuter)--The president''s visit has turned a new page in relations between the two countries,mass media here say.

[路透社北京8月19日电]此间新闻界认为,总统此次来访为两国关系揭开了新的一页。

LONDON,OCT.20(R euter via Xinhua)- London Markets closed mixed on profi t taking after a higher opening in fairly active trading,it was announced here.

[新华社转引路透社伦敦10月20日电]此间人士称,伦敦股市开市时股价上扬,交易相当活跃。由于一些持股者获利后抛股,因此收盘时有涨有跌。

细心的读者不难从上述三例中发现,每条导语末尾处都标有新闻出处,即分别为“according to

NEWSWEEK”,“mass media here say”和“it was announced here”。从交代手法而言,英语新闻报道中的新闻出处主要有三种:

1)具体确切的消息来源。

这类消息来源,有名有姓地交代有关的机构、组织和个人。诸如according to PLO leader Yasser Arafat或PLO leader Yasser Arafat said.(“巴解” 组织领导人阿拉法特称)等。

2)含蓄不露的消息来源。

有时记者不直接透露消息的来源,而只是含蓄地透露一点。这主要鉴于两个方面的考虑:一是对不愿透露姓名或单位名称的新闻提供者予以保密;二是因为不少提供消息的人士并非十分重要的人物,读者不一定熟悉,提与不提他们的姓名无关紧要,重要的是他们所代表的机构或所批露的消息。在英语新闻报道中,经常用来表示这种间接暗示消息来源的词或词语主要有:

analysts 分析家

authoritative sources权威人士

authorities 权威人士

diplomatic sources 外交人士

document released by...由...发布的消息

educational circles 教育界

experts 专家

financial quarters 金融界方面

Foreign Ministry spokesman 外交部发言人

government official 政府官员

government statement 政府声明

highly-placed sources 高层消息灵通人士

judicial circles 司法界

in—group source 圈内人士

military sources 军方人士

observers 观察家

official官员

official sources 官方人士

police sources 警方人士

quarters/circles 方面;阶层

reliable sources 消息可靠人士

sources 人士

sources close to ...接近...(方面)人士

spokesman 发言人

the quarters concerned 有关方面

the atrical circles 戏剧界

unconfirmed report 未经证实的消息

unimpeacheable sources 消息可靠人士

well-informed sources 消息灵通人士

well-placed/well—well-wired sources 重要消息灵通人士

witnesses 证人;目击者

3)似真非真的消息来源。

记者有时出于严谨的报道态度,或消息来源本身尚不十分清楚等原因,撰稿时经常使用某些惯用短语来含糊、委婉地交代一下消息来源。这种“故作姿态”的写作手法,一方面可表示报道是公正、客观的;另一方面,万一消息不符合事实,记者则可以此搪塞或推卸责任,逃避文责自负。常见的这类短语主要有:

It is said… 据说……

It is reported… 据报道...

Reports say… 据报道...

Rumours say… 据谣传...

Foreign radios announced… 据外电报道...

It is learned… 据悉...

It is understood… 据了解...

It is authoritatively learned…自权威方面获悉...

According to an anonymous source 据一位不愿透露姓名的消息灵通人士说……

A source who asked not to be identiried disclosed… 据一位不愿透露姓名的消息灵通人士说……Foreign wire services were quoted/cited as saying…援引外国通讯社的消息说……

英语新闻系列讲座词汇特色(6)

英语新闻报刊词汇的显著特色之一就是经常掺用外来语,尤其是新闻报道中记者提及外国的或新近出现的事物时,为引起读者的兴趣与注意,或更贴切地表达某词语的内涵,这种现象就更为突出。有些外来语,由于经常使用或使用时间已久,已经完全英语化,印刷时往往不再用大写字母或以斜体字标出,如:visa[(法语)签证],blitz[(德语)闪电行动],kungfu[(中文)功夫],Go[(日语)围棋]等。如:

PRETORIA(Agencies via Xinhua)—Nelson Mandela took the oath of office yesterday to become South Africa''s first black president in a glorious celebration ending the agony of apartheid and marking the country''s return to the world community.(apartheid:[非洲荷兰语]种族隔离)

[比勒陀利亚(新华社援引外国通讯社消息)] ——纳尔逊·曼德拉昨天在一次结束种族隔离痛苦,庆祝该国回到国际社会的辉煌庆祝仪式上宣誓就职,成为南非第一位黑人总统。

No matter what his personal eccentricities,the films starring this kungfu master have made a lucrative hit in Hong Kong and Taiwan,and it''s now rock-"n"-rolling its way to new audience round the mainland.(kungfu:[汉语]功夫)

不论他有什么个人的古怪脾气,该功夫大师主演的影片已经在港台大走红运,生意兴隆,而且它现在正一路摇摆着走向大陆新观众的面前。

还有不少外来语,由于使用的次数还不十分频繁或使用的时间不够长,尚未完全英语化,因而在书写形式上,有时仍用斜体字标出。如:

Arafat earned international prestige and Palestinian respect verging on hero worship for holding out against the Israelis in Beirut for three months without the support of any Arab

regime.(regime:[法语]政权)

阿拉法特在没有任何阿拉伯政权支持的情况下在黎巴嫩坚持斗争3个月,因此赢得了国际威望和巴勒斯坦人近乎英雄式的尊敬。

US President Bill Clinton acted tough by ex- pelling a persona non grata;Russians huffily brand the whole spy case a“propaganda counteroffensive.”(persona non grata:[拉丁语]不受欢迎的人)

美国总统比尔·克林顿通过驱逐一名不受欢迎的人来表现其强硬立场;俄罗斯人傲慢地侮辱整个间谍案是“宣传上的反攻”。

以上列举的这类外来语在一般词典上都能找到释义,但不一定为所有学习英语的人所熟知。现再列举一些常见诸报端的外来语,以供查考:

attache[法语]随行人员

glasnost[俄语]公开性;开放

jujitsu[日语]柔术

judo[日语]柔道

karate[日语]空手道

laissez-faire[法语]自由主义

Lebensraum[德语]生存空间

per annum[拉丁语]每年

per capita[拉丁语]人均

rapport[法语]和睦;友好

rendezvous[法语]约会(地点)

sumo[日语]相扑

tai chi chuan[汉语]太极拳

tsunami[日语]海啸

tycoon[语]巨头

英语新闻系列讲座词汇特色(7)

一般而言,英语句子中的前置定语多为单词,但是,在英语新闻报道中,记者往往不拘泥于这种传统的语言现象,而是酌情灵活地使用复合定语,即同时皮用两个或多个单词甚至一句句子来修饰某个句子。例如:

Instead of an all-out strike,the workers will stage a go-slow.

工人们没有举行全面罢工,而是采取消极怠工的策略。

Thirty-five foreign ministers from the“group of 77" developing nations will be present and other member-countries are expected to be represented by high-lever non-ministerial delegations at the two-day meeting.

77国集团中有35名外长将出席这次为期两天的会议,而其余的国家则将派出非部长级别的高级代表团到会。

The Queen,wearing hat,scarf and gloves in partial compliance with Islamic stricures on feminine dress became the first woman ruler received in this oil-rich Middle East state.女王戴着帽子和手套,系着围巾,这在一定程度上符合了伊斯兰教对妇女装束的规定。她是这个盛产石油的中东国家所接待的第一位女性国家元首。

以上列举的这类由连字号连接的复合定语一目了然,避免了使用短语或从句,既简化了句于的结构,节省了篇幅,便于记者赶稿,又帮助读者加快了阅读速度。此外,这类复合定语同中文的定语颇为相似,故对中国读者来说,比较容易接受。

从构成方式分析,这类复合定语形式多样,常见的主要有十余种,现分别列举几则实例,以资佐证:

1)名词+现在分词。如:

cancer-causing drug 制癌药物

oil-producing country 产油国

peace-keeping force 维和部队

policy-making body 决策机构

2)形容词+现在分词。如:

far-reaching significance 深远意义

high-ranking official 高级官员

long-standing issue 由来己久的问题

wide-spreading AIDS 到处蔓延的艾滋病

3)名词+过去分词。如:

blood-cemented friendship 鲜血凝成的友谊

export-oriented economy 外向型经济

poverty-stricken area 贫困地区

wasp-waisted road 蜂腰路段

4)形容词+过去分词。如:

deep-rooted social problems 根深蒂固的社会问题

foreign-owned enterprise 外资企业

long-faced job loser 愁眉苦脸的失业者

quick-frozen food 速冻食品

5)副词+过去分词。如:

dimly-lit room 光线昏暗的房间

highly-sophisticated technology 尖端技术

richly-paid job 薪水丰厚的工作

well-informed source 消息灵通人士

6)名词+形容词。如:

inflation-proof deposit 保值储昔

interest-free loan 无息贷款

labour-intensive enterprise 劳动力密集型企业

vehicle-free promenade 步行街

7)名词+名词.如:

arms-reduction talks 裁军谈判

labour-management conflict 劳资冲突

supply-demand imbalance 供求失调

year-endreport 年终报告

8)形容词+名词。如:

fair-tradeagreement 互惠贸易协定

long-range nuclear missile 远程核导弹

long-term,low-interest loan 长期低息贷款

top-level talk 最高级会谈

9)数词+名词。如:

100-metre dash 百米赛跑

one-man government 独裁政府

one-way street 单向道

21-gun salute 21响礼炮

10)名词+to+名词。如:

dusk-to-dawn curfew 彻夜宵禁

face-to-face talk 会晤;面晤

ground-to-air missile 地对空导弹

hand-to-mouth pay 温饱工资

11)综合性词组或短语。如:

touch-and-go affair 一触即发的局势

good-to-excellent care 无微不至的关怀

middle-of-the-road policy 中立政策

on-the-job training 在职培训;岗位培训

On-the-spot interview 现场采访

One-country-two-system policy 一国两制的政策

be-kind-to-animal campaign 保护动物运动

see-while-you-talkphone 可视电话

此外,美国报刊中的一些特有表达方式,对我们来说也比较生疏,如称“长途旅行”为“odyssey”,“合作共事者”为“teamplayer”,“总的情况”为“broad picture”,等等。类似的词汇现象都有待于我们在具体阅读实践中结合上下文加以细细琢磨和推敲。这样,久而久之,就能灵活掌握大量有用的词汇与词组,从而形成英语的语感。

(完整版)小学三年级英语小故事6篇(带翻译-10到60个单词)

The Thirsty Pigeon A PIGEON, oppressed by excessive thirst, saw a goblet of water painted on a signboard. Not supposing it to be only a picture, she flew towards it with a loud whir and unwittingly dashed against the signboard, jarring herself terribly. Having broken her wings by the blow, she fell to the ground, and was caught by one of the bystanders. Zeal should not outrun discretion. 口渴的鸽子 有只鸽子口渴得很难受,看见画板上画着一个水瓶,以为是真的。他立刻呼呼地猛飞过去,不料一头碰撞在画板上,折断了翅膀,摔在地上,被人轻易地捉住了。 这是说,有些人想急于得到所需的东西,一时冲动,草率从事,就会身遭不幸。 The Wind And The Sun One day the wind said to the sun, “Look at that man walking along the road. I can get his cloak off more quickly than you can.” “We will see about that,” said the sun. “I will let you try first.” So the wind tried to make the man take offhis cloak. He blew and blew, but the man only pulled his cloak more closely around himself. “I give up,” said the wind at last. “I cannot get his cloak off.” Then the sun tried. He shone as hard as he could. The man soon became hot and took off his cloak. 风和太阳 有一天风跟太阳说: “看看那个沿着路上走的人.我可以比你快让他把披风脱下来. “我们等着看吧,”太阳说, “我让你先试。 因此风尝试让那个人把披风脱下来.他用力地吹,可是那个人把披风拉得更紧。 “我放弃了,”风最后说, “我无法让他把披风脱下来.”然后由太阳试试看.他尽可能地晒他.不久,那个人很热就把披风脱下来了。

英语翻译重点词汇词组

英语翻译重点词汇词组 fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal (京杭)大运河Industrial Revolution 工业革命dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业Department of Agriculture 农业部门the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候surveyor general 测量总监sovereign nation 主权国家aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场

foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 英语翻译重点词汇(2) major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机 warfare on land and sea 陆战和海战 minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋动植物 crude oil 原油 sedimentary rocks 沉积岩 pitch lake 沥青湖 superhighway 高速公路 living organism 生物体 applied entomology 应用昆虫学 environmental Law环保法 wildlife 野生生物

学术综合英语英语填空题翻译Unit 3

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