考研英语语法长难句讲义-20130420
考研英语语法长难句讲义
主讲：朱冉
第一部分：句法原则
第一篇：方法与考点
长难句的特点
In Africa I met a boy，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.
1）In Africa I met a boy，
2）a boy who was crying as if his heart would break and said that he was hungry
3）because he had had no food for two days.
4），when I spoke to him，
二，方法
2.1复合句：看连词，分从句
方法：“连词与动词配比原则”：
在分析句子结构时，我们可以先找到句中的连词，再找与之对应的从句的谓语动词; 或者先找谓语再找对应的连词。当我们把连词与对应的谓语动词划分清楚后，整个难句的结构也就迎刃而解了。
例：This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
1）This trend began during the Second World War,
2）when several governments came to the conclusion
3）the conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
4）that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment
【T】
这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
2.2 插入语
扔出去前后连
While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline----after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late … 80s----and is still linked to the politics of thrift（节俭）
While in America
the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline and is still linked to the politics of thrift（节俭）
----after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late … 80s----
然而，在美国，这种趋势是对于经济衰退的反应并且与政治的节俭风气相联系—发生在80年代后期因为企业规模缩小而引起的过盛。
2.3名词名词+动词
Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German.
Those private citizens did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German.
Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and
marked them GIFT to escape duty payments
名词名词+谓语
These rules say that they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch(10-1)
These rules say that
they must value some assets at the price
that a third party would pay,
not the price that managers and regulators would like them to fetch
Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings 2.4大包小；V+ed
The statement made by the driver of the vehicle that he did not see the lorry was rejected by the court
1) The statement made by the driver of the vehicle was rejected by the court
2) The statement that he did not see the lorry
第二篇：考点
2.1 三种特殊结构
2.2 It的用法
2.3 平行与省略
2.4 平衡结构
2.5 左二右五
第二篇：真题演练
主语
1.主语从句
S1:That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.
That the seas are being overfished
has been known for years.
海洋正在被人过度捕捞，多年以来这已是尽人皆知的了。
for years.我年来
2.形式主语
S2: Furthmore, it is obv ious that the strength of a country?s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
Furthmore, it is obvious
that the strength o f a country?s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,
and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
再者，很显然，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又依赖于名种科技人员的努力。
is directly bound up with ; be linked to
in turn 轮流，依次
rest upon 依赖于
{G}
It is +过去分词+that
Reported(据报道。。。)
Believed （人们相信）
Generally thought that (人们普遍认为)
It is should be noted that 应当注意的是
It is +形容词+that
It is likely that :很可能
It is certain that :可以相信
It is +名词+that
It is a pity that （可惜的是）
It is a fact that （事实是）
It is no wonder that （难怪。。。）
It is common knowledge that (。。。是常识)
3.whether 及连接代词或副词引导的主话从句；（大包小）
S3. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
1）Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa
2）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
Pure science: 纯科学
At the expense of :以。。。为代价
Vice versa: 与之相反
Driving force: 驱动力
二、谓语
1.倒装
S4: Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant—not ,indeed, of what is wrong,but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which induce prople, and again especialy children to make mistakes.(全部倒装)
—not ,indeed, of what is wrong,but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which induce the capacity to be tolerant is Closely related with this
1）not of what is wrong but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature (并列，猜词)
2）in deed
3)which induce people, and again especially children to make mistakes.
【G】
Not…..but….
全部倒装
{t}：与这一点紧密相关的是容忍的能力—当然不是容忍错误，而是能宽容人性中的意志薄弱和幼稚。这些弱点导致人们尤其是儿童犯错误。
E6:Implicit within Tylor?s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared,and patterned behavior (03翻译)
The concept is implicit within Tylor?s definition
That culture is learned, shared and patterned behavior.
Tylor 对文化的定义有一种应收应隐含的意义，即文化是一种学习、交流和模仿的行为。
S5: Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(05) (部分倒装：助动词置于主语之前；平行结构as….. as
1）Television is one of the means
2）by which these feelings are created and conveyed
3）—and it perhaps has served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe never before
It has served to connect different peoples and nations as much as it has served in Europe in recent events.(找短补长)
[G]
1.结构性倒装：there be
2. so neither nor 开头
3. as、though, however, no matter how,the more... The more... 引导的让步状语
Poor as he is ,he has lofty aspirations
Try as he would, he didn?t succeed
Late though it was, they continued the experiment.
However great the difficulty may be ,we won?t lose heart.
No matter how long it is, I?ll stick it out.
The higher the temperature of the air is, the more water vapour is
4.以only 开头的句子
5.以介词短语开头的句子
6.以never, hardly, little, rarely, scarcely,seldom, not only, at no time, in no way, in no case, no means, at hardly any place, no longer, in vain ,under no circumstances, not only... But also.
2.平行结构
S6: “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won?t retreat in the face of any threats.”(97阅读第四篇）
1）The test of any democratic society lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude
2）he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column
3）however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.
4）We won?t retreat in the face of any threats.”
他在《华尔街日报》的一个专栏中写道：“对任何民主社会的检验不在于它多好地控制言论的自由表达，而在于它是否尽可能更宽松地赋予思想自由和表达自由，无论结果是否可能会大有争议或令人不悦。面对威胁，我们不会退缩。
【W】：column：专栏retreat:撤退
【G】：not but
三、宾语-分割结构（宾语从句后置）
1.形式宾语:动词+it +宾语补足语+that宾语从句
S7: There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or, alternately, do much to protect our
diminishing resources.
1)There are those
2)who consider it questionable
3)that these defense-linked research projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or do much to protect our diminishing resources.
4), alternately,
[T]
这些与防御有关的项目会不会说明生活水平提高了，或者说会不会有利于保护我们日益减少的资源，对此人有持怀疑态度。
2.谓语+介词短语+宾语
S8: Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included.(05)
1）Under it,
2）a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists
3）which new drugs should be included
在这个办公室下有一个普通药物评估机构，它向各省推荐应该在清单上增加的新药。
S9: 谓语Ato B---谓语to BA
The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user?s gambling activities.（06）1）The casino issued a "Fun Card" to him when used in the casino
2）Fun Card which earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user?s gambling activities.
3）as a good customer
【T]:赌场认为他是一个好顾客，就发给他一张”乐趣卡“，当在赌场使用这张卡时，可以为他赢得餐饮积分，同时也可以使赌场跟踪持卡者的赌博活动。
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学府考研英语基础班-语法王国清讲义-21页word资料
1 考研英语语法讲义 语法，无论是对于英语学习者还是教授者而言，都是最难掌握的问题，而掌握扎实的语法无疑是学好英语的关键，尽管在研究生英语考试中并不直接涉及语法，但阅读理解，写作和翻译等试题无不体现出它的重要性。然而，市场上种类繁多的语法书籍，大都是内容多而不精，即次重点不分，并且对于在学习过程中，大家共同反映的较有难度的语法，如非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句都未能作出精辟分析，使读者看后仍不知所云。本着这个目的，我们再次相聚考研讲堂，希望通过两天的深入学习使广大考生对语法有个彻底的了解，在今后考试中遇到相应问题能游刃有余。 一、语法知识回顾 （一）基础语法知识 1. 英语句子的基本句型(Basic Sentence Pattern) （1）主+系+表(SVP) （2）主+谓（不及物动词）(SV) （3）主+谓（及物动词）+宾(SVO) （4）主+谓（及物动词）+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）(SVOO)（5）主+谓（及物动词）+宾+补足语(SVOC) 2. 按照用途句子的分类 （1）陈述句(Declarative Sentence) （2）疑问句(Interrogative Sentence) ①一般疑问句(General Question)
②特殊疑问句(Special Question) ③选择疑问句(Alternative Question) ④反意疑问句 (Tag Question)（详见“考研英语语法重难点精解”中的反意疑问句） （3）祈使句（Imperative Sentence） （4）感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence） 3. 按照结构句子分类(Division by Structure) （1）简单句（Simple Sentence） 只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子称为简单句： （2）并列句（Compound Sentence） 用并列连词（或分号、冒号、逗号）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子叫并列句 （3）复合句（Complex Sentence） 由关联词把一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句联系在一起所构成的句子称为复合句，也称为主从复合句，复合句根据关联词在句中的作用可分为如下类型： ①名词性从句（Noun Clause）（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句） ②状语从句（Adverbial Clause）（详见“考研英语语法重难点精解”中状语从句） （二）重点语法回顾
(完整版)考研英语常用要点语法总结,推荐文档
定语从句 一、定语从句的概念什么是定语从句？ 例 : A rich person is not the one who has the most, but is the one who needs the least. 用来修饰前面的名词或者代词的具有完整的主谓结构的句子就叫着定语从句。有两个必备的基本元素。一个是先行词；一个是关系词。 1.名词或代词做先行词。 例：He laughs best who laughs last. 2.短语做先行词。Many of life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. 3.用句子做先行词。The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. I am a student which you all know. 当先行词与关系词被割裂时是如何表现的。如：Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might -- surprise! -- fall off. 找先行词的方法。反证法。把它带进去。哪一个是通顺的，哪一个就是先行词。 1.翻译定语从句。 2.结合先行词的结构特点和位置特征在关系词之前寻找与定语从句的意思的有逻辑 关系相符合的词。 二、定语从句里面的关系代词的用法。 1.常用的关系代词：which, that, who, whom。Whom现在用的很少。前面有介词只能用which，不能用 that。 2.关系代词在考试中的特殊情况。 What:1)它是子母同体。相当于一个关系代词以及一个先行词。What前面不应该在出现先行词。如果前面已经偶一个关系词，就不能用 what来引导。例如：You can have everything what you like. what=all that,所以这儿不能用 what. All---is a continuous supplying of the basic necessities of life A. what is the need B. the things need C. for our needs D. that is need 2)what单独使用，后面不加名词。 例如：She is not what she used to be. 3)what后面加名词 例如：What money I have has been given to you. 1997年考题：______he knows about it is out of date and in accurate A. What little B. So much C. How much D. So little
2021考研英语：语法长难句的表达解析(49)
Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice. 一、长难句解析 Creating a “European identity”is no easy task and demands a strategic choice. 其他部分：1.that respects the different cultures and traditions That=“European identity” 2. which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent Which=different cultures and traditions 调整语序：不同的文化和传统构成了连接古老大陆的纽带。创立一个尊重这些文化和传统的欧洲身份并不是一件简单的任务，这需要作出战略性的选择。 The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood. 1.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____. A. experience B. academic backgrounds C. career prospects D. interest 一、长难句解析 正确答案是D
考研英语语法练习题及答案
考研英语语法练习题及答案的更新! 2017考研英语语法练习题及答案(1) 1. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children ________to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. A. to develop B. to be developed C. developing
D. will develop 2. Space exploration promises to open up many new territories for human settlement, as well as _________the harvest of mineral resources. A. leads to B. to lead to C. leading to D. lead to
3. Someday, solar power collected by satellites ________ the earth or fission power (裂变能)manufactured by mankind may give us all the energy we need for an expanding civilization. A. circled B. to circle C. circling D.circles 4. In this experiment, they are wakened several times during the night, and asked to report what they ________ .
考研英语语法长难句讲义-20130420
考研英语语法长难句讲义 主讲：朱冉 第一部分：句法原则 第一篇：方法与考点 长难句的特点 In Africa I met a boy，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days. 1）In Africa I met a boy， 2）a boy who was crying as if his heart would break and said that he was hungry 3）because he had had no food for two days. 4），when I spoke to him， 二，方法 2.1复合句：看连词，分从句 方法：“连词与动词配比原则”： 在分析句子结构时，我们可以先找到句中的连词，再找与之对应的从句的谓语动词; 或者先找谓语再找对应的连词。当我们把连词与对应的谓语动词划分清楚后，整个难句的结构也就迎刃而解了。 例：This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 1）This trend began during the Second World War, 2）when several governments came to the conclusion 3）the conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 4）that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment 【T】 这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。 2.2 插入语 扔出去前后连 While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline----after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late … 80s----and is still linked to the politics of thrift（节俭） While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline and is still linked to the politics of thrift（节俭） ----after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late … 80s---- 然而，在美国，这种趋势是对于经济衰退的反应并且与政治的节俭风气相联系—发生在80年代后期因为企业规模缩小而引起的过盛。 2.3名词名词+动词 Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German. Those private citizens did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and
2018考研英语：语法复习要掌握的知识点
2018考研英语：语法复习要掌握的凯程 一、了解英语中的主要词类：名词、实意动词、情态动词、副词、形容词、介词、连词等，及各类词类在句子中的主要成份。 二、了解六大基本句型：主谓、主谓宾、主谓双宾、主谓宾宾补、主系表、there be存在句，并能分析句子的成份。 三、了解简单句及复合句的构句原则。 四、掌握考研中的13中时态：一般过去时，一般现在时，一般将来时，过去进行时，现在进行时，将来进行时，过去完成时，现在完成时，将来完成时，过去完成进行时，现在完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来时。看懂这些时态的句子。 五、了解陈述句变一般疑问句，及特殊疑问句的变法。 六、掌握从句的分类：名词性从句(主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句)，定语从句，状语从句。识别及判断从句并分析各从句的特点。 七、重点理解非谓语动词的结构并会翻译其类型的句子。 八、了解it作形式主语及形式宾语的结构。 九、了解虚拟语气谓语动词的具体形式。 十、明白倒装句及强调句的句型特点。 其实看看凯程考研怎么样，最简单的一个办法，看看他们有没有成功的学生，最直观的办法是到凯程网站，上面有大量学员经验谈视频，这些都是凯程扎扎实实的辅导案例，其他机构网站几乎没有考上学生的视频，这就是凯程和其他机构的优势，凯程是扎实辅导、严格管理、规范教学取得如此优秀的成绩。 辨别凯程和其他机构谁靠谱的办法。 第一招：看经验谈视频，凯程网站有经验谈视频，其他机构没有。 第二招：看有没有讲义。凯程有课程讲义，其他机构几乎没有，或者没有现成的讲义，说明他们没有辅导历史。 第三招：问问该专业今年辅导多少人。如果就招1-2个学生，那就无法请最好的老师，凯程大多数专业都是小班授课，招生人数多，自然请的老师质量高，授课量大，学习更加扎实。并且凯程和这些学校的老师联系更加紧密。 第四招：看集训营场地正规不正规。有些机构找个写字楼，临时租个宾馆，学习没有气氛，必须是正规教学楼、宿舍楼、操场、食堂，凯程就是正规教学楼、宿舍楼、食堂、操场等，配备空调、暖气、热水器、独立卫浴等。在凯程网站有大量集训营环境的照片，每个学员对我们的集训营学习气氛满意度超高。其他机构很多遮遮掩掩不提供，那就是集训营环境不行。第五招：实地考察看看。
2018考研英语语法长难句.pdf
目录 第一部分长难句的来源与认知 (1) 第二部分长难句的阅读与理解 (2)
2018考研英语语法长难句 长难句阅读 第一部分长难句的来源与认知 These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances. Those mass-market labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. A public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more diverse communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Unhappy parents rare ly are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world.