句子的连接并列复合句状语从句

句子的连接并列复合句状语从句
句子的连接并列复合句状语从句

句子的连接、并列复合句、状语从句

1.句子的连接

导言:英语的五个基本句型,都为简单句。如何将两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来,就是句子的连接问题。

牢牢记住:逗号","不能连接两个句子

这是英语书面语中句子连接的核心思想,如:

错:He is ill, he cannot come to the party this evening. (他病了,今晚不能来参加派对。)

改:He is ill and he cannot come to the party this evening. 或:

Because he is ill, he cannot come to the party this evening. 或:

He is ill so he cannot come to the party this evening.

当然,还可以有其他几种改法。但不管怎么改,都必须有"连接词",如上句中的 "and", "because", "so" 都称为"连接词"。不同的连接词有不同的句法功能,名称五花八门。为了便于学习,讲座中将尽量避免使用语法术语,大家只要记住"连接词"这个概念就可以了。

上述两个句子的连接,如果不用连接词连接,就必须将其中一个句子(一般为从句)的谓语动词改为"动词非谓语形式",即:

Being ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.

关于这个问题,将在"第五讲:动词非谓语形式"具体讨论。

举出上述例子,是想告诉考生一个重要的语法现象:当考题中出现两个句子(或类似两个句子的结构)要求连接时,A,B,C,D选项的正确答案要么是"连接词",要么是"动词非谓语形式",其他形式都是错的。这个概念对于应试是非常重要的。

例如:

Some metals are better conductors than others, ______ means that the former has atoms that contain more free electrons than the latter.

A.it

B.that

C.this

D.which

不要考虑这个句子是什么意思,首先看到的是这两个句子中间是个","号,其考点只有一个,即A,B,C,D四个选项中哪个是连接词。A,C在英语中不是连接词,永远不可能用来连接两个句子。这是个"非限制性定语从句"(具体概念见"第四讲"),故正确答案为D。

又如:

It ______ fine, all the students went to Xishan for a picnic.

A.was

B.is

C.be

D.being

这两个句子中间又是个","号。显然,这道题的A,B,C,D选项不是连接词,而是"动词",只有用"动词非谓语形式"才能把这两个"句子"连起来,故正确答案只能是D。

一再强调的一个思想是:对于某些语法题,解题思路比单纯认识几个英文单词更为重要。

英语中,句子的连接有以下几种形式:

1)并列复合句

2)状语从句

3)定语从句(含同位语从句)

4)名词性从句(即主、宾、表语从句)

2.并列复合句

简单地说,由简单并列连词and, but, or,或复合并列连词both… and…, neither…nor…, either…or…, not only…but also…连接的句子称为并列复合句。

重点:

1) and - 不能简单地理解为"和",除了起连接作用外,应根据句子的上下文判别其实际意义,总的表示"递进"。

例如:He is ill and he cannot come to the party this evening.

2) But - 表示"转折"

所以要确定,应根据上下文,特别是两个句子中的用词是"同方向的"还是"反方向的",前者一般用 "and", 后者一般用 "but",.

例如:

There was little rain last year______ the farmers still got a bumper crop.

这个句中"little rain"(少雨)和"a bumper crop"(丰收)是相反方向的用词,故应填"but"。请回忆一下"第一讲"中的有关示例。

3) or - 解释为"或者",表示选择,但在"非真实条件句中"解释为"否则",引出"含蓄虚拟式"

4)关于复合并列连词,主要注意两个问题,一是"数",二是句子的"均衡"。

在历年军队职称考试中,并列复合句方面的题出得较少。

3.状语从句

所谓状语从句,是指用来说明主句行为(或状态)发生的时间、原因、条件、地点、目的、结果及方式等。

1) 时间状语从句:记住以下连接词的意思和重点:

(1)when / while / as (当…时侯)

注意:while除了做时间状语的连接词外,还解释为"虽然…","而…"。

例如:He is very diligent, while she is very lazy. (他很勤奋,而她却很懒。)

(2)before (after) 在…之前(后)

(3)until / not until(直到)注意:not until放在句首时,往往要求倒装

(4)as soon as / once (一…就…)

(5)immediately / instantly / directly 原本是副词,这里作连接词,表示"一…就…",

例如: I knew I had made a mistake directly (或用immediately / as soon as) I had done it. (刚做完这件事,我就知道我做错了。)

(6)the moment / each time / every time / next time / the first time / the instant / the year原本是名词或副词,这里作连接词用。

(7)hardly (scarcely)…when… / no sooner…than…"一…就…"

注意:这是时间状语考试的重点句型,一是不要把两个句型中的when和than的搭配搞错了,二是要用倒装语序。

例如:

Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang. (我刚坐下,电话铃就响了。) 重点:在时间(和条件)状语中,用一般时代替将来时。

例如:

We'll start as soon as the leader ______. ( 领导一来就开始。)

https://www.360docs.net/doc/454294474.html,es

B.is coming

C.will come

D.came

根据英语"时态一致性"原则,主句与从句的时态应一致,答案似乎应该是B或C,但是正确答案是A,因为在时间状语中,用一般时代替将来时。将上句改为过去时,道理也一样: He said (that) we would start as soon as the leader _____.

A.came

B.was coming

C.would come

https://www.360docs.net/doc/454294474.html,es

答案应为A

2) 条件状语从句:分真实条件句和非真实条件句(虚拟语气)

重点:在条件(时间)状语中,用一般时代替将来时(可参见时间状语从句例子)

虚拟语气(见"第六讲")

主要连接词:

(1)if / unless (除非 = if not 如果不)

例如:

Children should not be taken into the room of a very sick person ______ there is some special reason for it.

A.except

B. besides

C. unless

D.whereas

解题思路:根据上面说过的连接原则,这里必须是一个"连接词",而A,B都是介词,因此正确答案只能在C,D中选。"whereas"意为"而",故正确答案为C。(不应把儿童带到重病人房间,除非有某种特殊原因。)

(2)provided / on condition that (跟句子) (如果…)知道这也是连接词就可以了,一般说,当考题中出现这种词时,应倾向选择。

3) 原因状语从句:

主要连接词:because/ since / as

要点:不要把连接词 because与介词短语because of ( + 名词或-ing形式) 相混淆;

不要把表示原因的since与表示时间的since"自从…"相混淆;

不要把表示原因的as与表示时间的as"随着…"相混淆;

顺便提一下, because表示直接"因果关系",而since, as 是对事实的说明,主句和从句之间并不一定具有"因果关系"。

例如:

As you are already 18 years old, you should know what to do and what not to do. (你已经18岁了,应该知道什么该干什么不该干。)

这个句子用because连接就不太合适。好在军队职称考试中并不要求作这种分辨。

…for 注意:一般只能放在主句后面,即主句 + for从句,例如:

He must have gone to bed, for it is too late. (他肯定已经睡了;现在已经很晚了。)-- 该句不能用because

now that / seeing that / considering that (由于…)

Seeing that this problem was settled, they proceeded to the next one.(鉴于这个问题已经解决,他们开始进行下一个问题。) n

…in that(在于…)一般放在主句后面,例如:

Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages as a tool to communicate. (人比动物高等,因为人能以语言作为工具进行交际。)

4) 让步状语从句:

主要连接词:although (虽然)/ even if (though) (即使)/ while (尽管)后两个是考试的重点。no matter what… (= whatever无论…什么…) / no matter how… (=however,无论怎样…) / whether…or not (不论…还是…)这是让步句考试的重点。

例如:

No matter what (或Whatever) may happen, we will not change our plan. (无论可能发生什么,我们决不改变计划。)

No matter how difficult (或However difficult) the journey may be, we will not change our plan. (不管路程有多难,我们决不改变计划。)

We should not worry her whether she is well or ill (或whether she is ill or not).(无论她身体好坏,我们都不应使她烦恼。)

注意:no matter what后面跟名词或名词性结构;no matter how后面跟形容词或副词,不要搞错;用了no matter what / no matter how就不能再用whatever / however。

5) 比较状语从句:

这是英语语法必考内容,要特别加以重视。

基本概念:两个比较级,三个或三个以上最高级。要对数字"2"特别敏感,试选择:

Of Mary and Jane, who is ______?

A. smart

B.the smartest

C.more smarter

D.the smarter

解题思路:很显然这是一道考形容词比较级的题目,从句子结构和选题A可以判断smart 是个形容词原级,因此可以断定C的形式错了(重复比较,如不能说more happier 一样的道理)。B是最高级,但句中只有两个人Mary 和Jane,因此正确答案只能是D,这是一个较特殊的比较级句型,即the + 形容词比较级 + of (两个)。

比较级的主要句型:

(1) 原级比较:as +形容词或副词原级+ as,否定式:not so (或as) +形容词或副词原级+ as

注意问题:as…as 之间的形容词或副词是否采用了原级;as…as 之间该用形容词还是副词;用as much as 还是用as many as

表示倍数时用下面结构,如3倍:three times as …as…

例如:

The size of the island is about ______ that of this one.

A.three times as much as

B.as three times much as

C.as three times greater than

D.three times as big as

解题思路:B、C违反了上述句型规定,A、D的区别是size(大小 / 尺寸)是与much搭配还是与big搭配,D是对的。

(2)比较级:more …than…

注意:

1)比较形式是否正确,如是否有类似"more better"这样重复比较的错误;

2)两者之间是比较级,三者以上是最高级,看看是"两者"还是"三者或三者以上;

3)只有同类的人或物才能比较(可比性);比较不能包括"自己",常用other表示排除。

例如不能说:

He is taller than any students in this class.

而应说:

He is taller than any other student(s) in this class.

4)修饰比较级的词有:much, even, far, by far, still, a lot, a bit 等,例如: John did badly in the sports meet. I did even worse (than John did).

你能看出下句的问题吗?

His salary as a bus driver is more higher than a teacher. ( 他是个公共汽车司机,他的工资要比教师高。)

该句有两个大错1)high的比较级为higher,2)主语his salary(他的工资)而比较对象是a teacher,两者不可比,怎样的表达才是对的呢?请选择:

His salary as a bus driver is much higher ______.

A.in comparison with a teacher

B.than a teacher

C.than a teacher's

D.than that of a teacher's

正确答案是C,也可以写成than that of a teacher(请联系名词格的概念想一想)

最高级the most of +比较范围 / 最高级+名词+that (不是which)定语从句,例如: This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. (这是我看过的最有趣的电影。)

the more…the more…

The longer you wear glasses, the more you depend on them. (眼镜戴的时间越长越有依赖性。)

考试时,一般只要认准"the" 和比较级形式就不难判别。

其他表示比较意思的形式

A is superior / inferior to B(A 比B高级 / 低级)

注意:superior/ inferior前不能再加 more 或者less; 用to不是用 than。

例如:

Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages to communicate.(人比动物高级在于人能用语言进行交际。)

prefer… rather than (宁可…而不…)

例如:

I preferred to stay out in the cold rather than spend the night there. (我宁可呆在外面受冷,也不在那儿过夜。)

Would rather…than… ..(用法和意思与上句型差不多)

6) 地点状语从句:

主要连接词:where / wherever / everywhere

注意地点状语从句中where与定语从句中关系副词where的区别与联系:

Put the book where it is. (把书放好,即"把书放在该放的地方。)

Put the book in the place where it is.

以上两个句子的意思是一样的,第一个句子是"地点状语从句",第二个句子是"定语从句"(详见"第四讲"),where作关系副词修饰the place

7) 方式状语从句:

as按时(正如…/ 就象…)

Air is to man as water is to fish.

要点:不要把as 与like 混淆,like是介词,不是连接词, 如不能说:All plants need air like they need water,应为:All plants need air as they need water. (所有的植物需要空气,正如他们需要水一样。)

as if / as though(好象…)可以是真实的,也可以是"虚拟"的,如:

The meat tastes as if (though) it has already gone bad.(这肉吃起来好象变质了。-- 确实坏了)

He speaks English as though (if) he were an Englishman. (他说起英语来好象英国人。-- 他不是英国人,动词用的是were)

8)目的 / 结果状语从句

目的状语从句:

so that / in order that

lest / for fear that (惟恐… / 一以免…) 注意:该句型一般使用"should型"虚拟式(见"第六讲")

结果状语从句:

so…that / such…that…/ so that / that / so

The professor speaks so fast that we find it difficult to follow him. (这位教

授讲话很快,我们感到很难理解他讲话的意思。要点:so + 形容词或副词)

He give me such good advice that I finished the task smoothly. (他给了我很好的建议,因此我顺利地完成了任务。要点:such + 名词)

The film was such that everyone was deeply moved. (这部电影如此精彩,每个观众都被深深打动了。要点:such在这里做代词,可以理解为:The film is such a good film that…)

顺便提一下,"…,only to do…" 虽不属于从句,但是是一个重要的表 (意想不到的) 结果的句型,请记住,例如:

For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to be told to return the next day. (为这个决定我们几乎等了三个小时,可结果被告知第二天返回。) 从考试角度看,状语从句的重点是:时间、原因、条件、让步和比较

语法——并列句和状语从句

第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句,其基本结构是“+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为:时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一,在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查,在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下: 核心考点01考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or, either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词 表示因果关系的连词有for,so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 作并列连词的用法

when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb. was doing sth. when... ②sb. was about to/going to do sth. when... ③sb. was on the point of doing sth. when... ④sb. had just done sth. when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而, 却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐, 而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin. 我喜欢弹钢琴,而我妹妹喜欢拉小提琴。 典例分析1 (2017 北京卷)—Peter, please send us postcards_________ we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem. 【解析】句意:——彼得, 请给我们邮寄明信片, 这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方。——没问题。根据句意可知,第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系, 所以填so。 【答案】so 典例分析2 He is a shy man, _________he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 【解析】句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不惧怕任何人和任何事。根据前后句意可知,这里需要一个表示转折关系的连词。 【答案】but 典例分析3 You have to move out of the way_________ the truck cannot get past you.? 【解析】句意:你得让让路,不然卡车过不去。根据句子结构和句意可知,空格处应该用or,表示一个否定的条件,意为“不然的话”。 【答案】or

主从复合句

主从复合句 一基础理论: 1. 英语表达的五个层次 字母—单词—句子—段落—文章 2. 词的分类: 名词系统:名词;代词;冠词;形容词;数词 动词系统:动词;介词;副词 连词系统 3. 不同词性的词按照一定的顺序形成句子,同一个词由于在句子中位置不同所起的作用也不同;词在句子中所起的作用有:主;谓;宾;定;状;补;表 4. 句子是表达独立、完整意思的单位。 五种简单句结构。 ①主系表 ②主不及物动词 ③主谓宾 ④主谓双宾 ⑤主谓宾宾补 5. 并列句:通过and , but, or 并列连词连结的两个或多个简单句。 Give me somewhere to stand, and I will move the earth. Have an aim in your life, or your energies will be wasted. 6. 主从复合句:通过从属连词连结的,有主句和从句的合成结构。 二主从复合句的四项基本原则: 1. 主句符合五种简单句结构。 The day we had looked forward to ____at last. A coming B came C come D comes In the evening school where I study computer ____. A is there B has many people C is well taught D is nice 2. 从句也符合五种简单句结构。 ①From the first time I flew a flat paper kite as a child, I was always wondering____. A how made it fly B how it made fly C what it made fly D what made it fly ②The factory___ produces steel is the biggest one of the kind in our city. A which B whom C whose D where ③The factory___ Tom works is the biggest one of the kind in our city. A which B whom C whose D where 3. 如何识别主句和从句?只识别从句,另一句就是主句。 如何识别从句?通过从属连词加以识别。 ①从属连词属于从句,且位于从句的句首; The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ___best in its climate and soil. A it grows B what grows C does it grow D what does it grow It was an agreement___ could not be changed’ A of which details B whose the details C the details of which D all whose details ②从属连词在从句中既可以不承担具体功能,仅起识别的标志作用,但它同时破坏了原来

初中英语复合句

初中重点语法 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(参见以下各条) 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法: (1) 表语从句:在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如:That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句:在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 ①基本形式:(主句+)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择: 若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如:They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将 代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.(我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在 哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题:如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时; 如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如:I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待: be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如:I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句:在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、 目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。 时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该 用现在时替代。如:When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可 以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I won’t leave until Mum comes back. (妈妈回来了我才会走。) 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever等引导。如:Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去!) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永远也不会 忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。) 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如:He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。) 目的状语从句通常由so that..., so...hat..., in order that...等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。如:He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身 更早为的是赶上第一班车。) 结果状语从句通常由so that..., so...that... 等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如:He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多 辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。) 比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如:Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I don’t have as many books as you (do). (我书没有你多) 让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引导。如:Even if you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替 我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿 了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。)

并列句和状语从句讲解(可编辑修改版).

并列句和状语从句讲解 一简单句 主语+谓 1 主语+Vt+宾语(动宾结构) 2 主语+Vt+宾语+宾补 3 主语+Vt+宾语(Sb)+宾语(Sb)(双宾语) 4 主语+Vi 5主语+Vi+介词+宾语(介宾) 6主语+系动词+表语(系表结构) 二并列句 1 表示递进 2 表示选择 3 表示转折 4 表示因果 三复合句 1 定语从句 2 名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 3 状语从句:时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较 一并列句 1 表示递进:and, not only…but also…,neither…nor…,not…but… 2 表示选择:or, either…or…,otherwise 就近原则:Neither he nor I am living here. Either he or I am living here. Not only he but also I am living here. 3 表示转折:but, yet, whereas, while 4 表示因果:so, as, for, because, since, now that 二状语从句 1 时间状语从句 (1)when, while, as (2)as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when… The moment/Immediately I heard the voice, I knew Father was coming. No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. Hardly had we got home when it began to rain. (3)till, until, not…until(部分倒装,强调句) I didn’t know about it until you told me.

语法 并列句和状语从句

第12讲并列句和状语从句 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为:时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一,在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查,在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下: 核心考点01 考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or, either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词

表示因果关系的连词有for,so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 5.when作并列连词的用法 when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb. was doing sth. when... ②sb. was about to/going to do sth. when... ③sb. was on the point of doing sth. when... ④sb. had just done sth. when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 6.while作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而, 却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐, 而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin.

主从复合句-完整版

主从复合句 一宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句在句中起宾语作用,它可以用作动词的宾语,也可以做动词的宾语,也可以做介词、不定式、分词、动名词以及某些形容词(如:sure, glad, pleased, certain, afraid, surprised, satisfied 等)的宾语,宾语从句可以由连词that, whether, if;代词who, whose, what, which和副词when, where, how, why等引导。 他想他过几天就会好了。 I think (that) he’ll be all right in a few days. 你知道他们在等谁吗 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for 他问那是谁的字典。 He asked whose dictionary it was. 注意老师说的话。 Pay attention to what the teacher said. 1.宾语从句在句中的位置 (1)作宾语的从句。如: I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么事。 (2)作介词的宾语。如: Our success depends upon/on how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功在于我们彼此能够很好的合作。 She is worried about whether her mother can come on time. 她在担心妈妈是否能按时来。 (3)作形容词的宾语。 I’m afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.我恐怕我犯错误了。 类似的形容词还有:anxious, aware, certain, confident, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, hurt, satisfied等。 (4)it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中,如: 他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English. 注意:有些动词后不能跟that从句作宾语,这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。 2.宾语从句的引导词 (1)当宾语从句是由陈述句转化而来时,由that 引导,这时that在宾语从句中无意义,不充当任何成分,常省略。如: I know (that) you have met him. 我知道你曾经见过他。 He told me that he was wrong.他告诉我他错了。 I don’t believe he has finished his work.我相信他还没有完成他的工作。

(九) 复合句——状语从句

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高考英语—并列句与状语从句题目含解析

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并列复合句与主从复合句

并列复合句与主从复合句 一、并列复合句“二步”学习法 并列复合句(简称并列句)与主从复合句(简称复合句)的区别是:并列句用并列连词连接两个或两个以上的句子,并表示句子与句子之间的并列关系。复合句是一个完整的句子,用连接词连接的从句充当句子的某一个成分,是主从关系。 试比较: Come here early , and you will see our manager . (两个句子之间是并列关系,没有从属关系,所以是并列复合句) If you come here early , you will see our manager . (句中If引导的条件状语从句和后面的主句有主从关系,从句从属于主句,所以是主从复合句) 二、掌握并列复合句的连词 并列句的连词由单个连词和连词词组两部分组成。 1、由and ,but ,or/or else , so , for 等并列连词把连个简单句连接起来而成为 并列复合句。 2、由并列连词词组连接成的并列复合句。常用的并列连词词组有not only …but also …. , either…or…, neither …nor…, not…but…, both…and…, as well as…等等

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