专业英语试题.doc

2013-2014学年第1学期

专业英语试题

班级：2012级农林经济管理

教学班号：1

学号'

姓名：

Parti Translation (English to Chinese) 50s

1.After having expanded at a vigorous 9 percent yearly rate during the first

half of the 1990s, developing countries5 agricultural export earnings are estimated to lose momentum 1997 and 1998,mainly reflecting weak

international commodity prices. Bamng unforeseeable economic and market events ,agricultural trade is expected to recover to growth rates of

about 6 percent yearly over 1999一2002 . nevertheless, agricultural trade growth would continue to lag ,by 2 to 3 percentage points, behind that of merchandise trade as a whole.

自从20世纪90年代前期，发展中国家以每年百分之九的增长率蓬勃扩张后，然而受到国际商品价格疲软走势的主要影响，在1997—1998年，其出口走势将会失去势头。排除不可预见的金融和市场危机，农业贸易有望在1999—2001年恢复到每年百分之六的增长率。尽管如此，从总体上来说，农业贸易仍将落后于商品贸易2至3个可分点。

2.Planning. The initial managerial function ——determining what shoud be

done in the future ——is called planning .It consists of setting

goals ,policies ,procedures, and other plans need to achieve the puiposes of the organization . In planning, the manager decides a course of action from various alternative courses that are available.

Planning is primarily conceptual in nature. It means thinking before acting, looking ahead and preparing for the future, laying out in advance the road to be followed, and thinking about what and how the job should be done .It includes collecting and sorting information from numerous sources to make decisions. Not only dose planning include deciding what , how when ,and by whom work is to be done ,it must also include the development of ' what if' scenarios . A word of caution: regardless of how well a supervisors like Carol Reeves plans , cries will happen, and supervisors need to anticipate them, considering what they will do if this or that happens.

计划

最初的管理职能----确定在未来应该做什么，叫做计划。它包括设定目标，策略，程序，及其他计划需要实现的组织目的。在计划中，管理

者可以从各种各样的可选的方案中选择一连串的行动。计划在本质上是首要的概念。它意味着在行动前思考，高瞻远瞩，并为未来做好充分的准备。提前设计好你要走的路，并思考你要做的是什么工作，该如何做这件工作。它包括从数量庞大的资源中搜集并处理信息。计划不仅包括决定做什么、怎么做、何时做、由谁来做，它也必须包括事情发展中的'万一'这个情况。有一句话要提醒的是：尽管像卡罗?里维斯那样的超级管理者，无论计划是多么完美无瑕，紧急情况也可能会发生，所以管理者需要早点预料到危机，考虑到这个或那个发生的情况下，他们应该做什么。

Part 2 writing (chose one of the following titles to write a

500-—800 world compos ion)50s

Title : A brief Discussion on management

1.The definition and dimensions of management

2.The problem with management in real world

3.The ways to improve managerial skills

Title2 On Environmental Pollution

1.The current situation of Environmental Pollution

2.The factors leading to the situation

3.The ways to solve the problem.

On Environmental Pollution

In recent years, the reports about environmental pollution are more and

more frequently.

I read a piece of news recently. It says that in Beijing air pollution reached “hazardous” levels on Monday. Only when people wear masks can they go out. As we all know, long time exposure to particulate matter especially the particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) is a major health hazard. The pollutant had left some of Shanghai's neighboring province shrouded in smog and fog. And a blanket of smog continued to choke much of China. Many people got respiratory disease. The latest available data suggest that in 2010, air pollution was responsible for the deaths of 223,000 lung cancer patients around the

world.

The Yellow River is becoming so dirty that no living things can live in it. The river is giving off a terrible smell. Severe drought happened in many places. Many people are facing the shortage of water resources in the world.

Marine pollution is also very serious. Discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater, waste oil, plastics, heavy metals and aquaculture have caused many marine organisms died. Most of the oxygen that we breathe comes from the ocean. The oceans are the primary climate adaptation system. They absorb carbon. If the ecological balance of the ocean was destroyed by us, the season will become extremely.

Global temperatures will rise further in the future than previous studies have indicated, according to new research from two scientific teams.

What's the reason of environmental pollution?

In fact, environmental pollution is a very serious problem the whole world is facing. It is mainly caused by human's activities. Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it. Humanity converts nature's wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society .Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society. Not only has man transfeiTed various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals.

In addition, forests were destroyed and the area of farmland increased. Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man. The forest, for example ,was something wild and frightening and people tried to force it to retreat .This was all done in the name of civilization, which meant the places where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down.

Traffic, power stations, industrial and agricultural emissions, and cooking and heating in the home are the main causes of air pollution. Pollutants are constantly being released into the atmosphere by the iron and steel plant. And this is the important reason of the air pollution i n the northern area.

With the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste water is being poured into rivers. It has caused

serious water pollution.

Besides all above, oil spill is the main reason of marine pollution. The combustion of the fuel, land use and cement manufacturing as a result of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide concentrations continue to increase are the reasons of G1 obal warming.

Is man' s destruction of the environmental inevitable?

Today both natural scientists and philosophers are asking

themselves the question. Human is faced with the problem of how to stop, or at 1 east to moderate, the destruction of Mother Nature.

The way to solve the problem which lies in rational and wise organization of both production it seif and care for our environment, not just buy individuals, enterprise or countries , but by all humanity. One of the ways to deal with the crisis situation in the “man-nature” system is to use such resources as solar energy, the power of winds, the riches of the seas and oceans and other natural resources in the universe which are not know yet.

T m longing for the green mountains and clean rivers appear on earth again.