如何上好高中英语阅读泛读课

如何上好高中英语阅读泛读课
如何上好高中英语阅读泛读课

如何上好高中英语阅读泛读课

河北省霸州市第一中学李丽丽摘要:在高中英语教学中, 培养学生阅读理解能力一直是教学的重点。在信息发达的当今世界,很大程度上取决于通过阅读进行交流的能力,新课程要求教师创造性地使用教材,开设泛读课,培养学生的阅读兴趣,使学生掌握阅读技巧,提高阅读能力,让学生掌握获取信息,处理信息和综合运用信息的能力,实现语言交际的目的,泛读课就是提高这种交际表达能力的有效途径。

关键字:高中英语、英语阅读、泛读课

高中英语阅读分为泛读( Extensive Reading ) 和精读( Intensive Reading ),前者侧重于信息的获取,后者则侧重于语言知识的掌握。而且泛读课与精读课也不同,前者属于单项技能训练课,其特征体现在“泛”与“读”两个方面。就“泛”而言,教材选用语言材料的内容呈百科知识性,包括社会生活各个方面。同时,语言材料的文体呈多样性,既有文学作品,又有记叙文、说明文、议论文、新闻、广告等语言风格不同的文章。就“读”而言,泛读课的阅读量大。泛读课的重要任务是指导学生掌握各种阅读方法,从而提高阅读理解的准确性,加快阅读速度,并且通过学生的大量阅读,逐渐扩大其词汇量。泛读课应帮助生活在信息爆炸时代的学生能通过阅读可以快速、准确地获取并处理信息。

一、开展高中英语阅读泛读课的必要性

新《课标》要求学生具备的综合阅读能力包括语篇领悟能力和语言解码能力,强调多学科知识的贯通,注重培养学生的语篇分析能力、判断能力以及根据语义进行逻辑推理的能力,提高阅读速度,增加其阅读量和扩大词汇量。

英语高考成绩的高低主要取决于学生的阅读水平。每年高考中的完形填空和阅读理解两大题占的分值很大,学生英语高考成绩的好坏主要就是看这两道题的答题情况,而且这两道题主要是考察学生的阅读能力。所以,学生要想高考取得高分,就必须具备较高的阅读水平。只有依靠大量的阅读,不断扩大词汇量,广泛了解英语国家的文化背景、风俗习惯、历史地理等各方面的知识,才能提高英语的综合水平。

二、高中英语阅读泛读课实施的具体方法

(一)教师应更新观念,正确引导学生。

由于长期以来受“应试教育”观念的影响,某些教师指导的失误,学生成为解题的机器,为做题而阅读,为考试而阅读,而不是为获取知识、信息而阅读。因此,在大力推进素质教育的今天,英语教师应更新观念,还英语学习本来面目,在英语阅读能力培养上正确引导学生,让学生进行自主阅读,使其以积极主动的、探究式的态度参与阅读,享受阅读的乐趣。所以,新形式下的高中英语教师应做到以下几点:

1.高中英语阅读课泛读材料的选取

泛读材料的选择应尽量做到:第一,泛读材料的长度适中,生词量不宜过多,对新的或较难的语言现象要把握好,明显超出学生理解能力范围的句子结构可以进行必要的改写。材料整体安排上应做到从易到难,这样做学生在阅读过程中凭借已有的语言文化背景知识和生活经验,通过联想、重建等创造性思维,可以领会文章表达的意思,从而吸收信息。第二,体裁要多样,题材要丰富。这样有利于拓宽学生的知识结构和激发学生的阅读兴趣,并能增强学生适应各种阅读材料的能力。第三,阅读材料应具有可行性。即选择材料应避免过于平淡,要选择那些趣味性和知识性较强的文章,也要选择有一定深度、内容具有教育意义和富有哲理性的文章。第四,练习应具有可用性。泛读材料的检测练习的形式力求多变,可以包括问答、填空、排列顺序、列表、选择等,以拓展学生解题思维。

2.鼓励学生多进行课外阅读

目前,多数高中英语教师反映在教学中存在课时紧、课程重的教学现象。所以,在课堂上抽出很多时间来进行泛读是不切合实际的,这就要求教师积极开发学生的非智力因素,利用课余时间阅读,激发他们大量进行阅读的兴趣。课内的文章数量与时间都非常有限,课外则有很大的空间和很多的时间,学生可以自由支配时间进行泛读。课内外互相促进,互为补充。因为,新《课标》在课程中还强调要“激发和培养学生的学习兴趣,帮助学生树立学英语的自信心,养成良好的学习习惯,和形成有效的学习策略,发展学生自立学习的能力和合作能力。”待兴趣激活后,再让学生进行知识型阅读,这便是水到渠成之事了。近些年来的阅读理解试题增加了阅读量,提高了对阅读速度的要求,并加大了阅读材料的文字难度,对词汇理解的要求有所提高。一词多义、熟词生义、多种时态的混用、结构复杂的长句、省略句及插入语言现象也随处可见。结合高中学生已有一定词汇量的前提,进行大量阅读,培养阅读技巧,进行侧重于获取信息的泛读将是提高阅读理解的有效途径。而报刊提供了丰富鲜活的泛读材料。报刊的内容故事性强,知识面广,既有利于学生开阔眼界,验证、巩固、充实课文所学内容,自然地吸收活的语言也有利于增加语感,提高英语欣赏水平和文化素养,还有助于培养观察力和判断力。

3.指导学生掌握阅读技巧

泛读材料不同于精读课本上的课文。课本上的课文要求学生逐词、逐句地阅读宜细嚼慢咽,其目的在于透彻理解。而泛读的目的则是扩大知识范围,进一步提高捕捉信息的能力,我们不能照搬精读的阅读方法。常见的阅读泛读方法有以下几种:

(1)略读( Skimming ) 又称为掠读或扫读

要求学生在限定的时间内快速浏览全文,即阅读时不要从头到尾、一字不漏地读下去,而是采用跳跃式的阅读方法。在阅读过程中善于抓住文章的关键词、句和主题句,对全文进行结构分段、找出其中的联系,从而理清文章的脉络,了解

课文大意,领会主旨,抓住主要内容。

(2)跳读( Scanning )

即在浏览全文的过程中,有意识、有目的地快速获取需要的信息或找到需要的细节,对无关紧要的内容可以一掠而过。

(3)猜读( Guessing )

即阅读时,不因遇到个别生词而停顿去查字典,而是通过上下文或构词法等快速猜测,判断某词的含义,不中断阅读过程,从而更快地了解文章的内容,提高阅读速度。

(4)悟读( Realizing )

即在阅读中领悟词、句、篇的表层意思和深层意思,重视标题、主题句、开头或结尾等段落的阅读和理解。

(5)细读( Careful Reading )

要求学生对文中的重点段落和难句及生词所出现的段落进行仔细认真阅读,输入较大信息量,借助文章上下文分析难句成分并猜测生词含义,加深对课文的深层理解,能回答有关词汇、短语填空题以及难句翻译题。

4.进行教学检测,了解学生的阅读效果

泛读不等于完全放手、放心地让学生自由地、自觉地读。教师应发挥其指导作用,布置一定的阅读任务,规定完成的时限,因为有的学生并非那么自觉,有的甚至有惰性。教师可以利用每节课开始的十分钟进行课外泛读的检查。检查的形式多样,但要坚持一个原则――保持学生的浓厚的阅读兴趣,或是在适当的时候考察学生的学习情况。一方面让学生了解自己近来的阅读进展情况,反省自己的不足,及时调整学习策略,不断提高学习能力。另一方面,教师可以从检测中获得数据与信息,对学生进行有针对性的指导和帮助。必要时还应调整阅读材料。

(二)深化和优化阅读理解提问策略

20世纪80年代,Morris和Stuwart Dore把认知思维发展理论进一步简化为“认知――理解――应用”三个层次,并将其运用到阅读中。根据这一理论,教师在设计阅读理解问题时,应把问题分为以下三类:

(1) 字面类问题。这类问题的提问范围一般不超越句子的表层意思,学生只需读懂字面意思即可回答问题。

(2) 深层理解和推理问题。回答此类问题要求学生不仅能够理解句子的字面意思,而且能理解字里行间的内容联系,并运用各种间接的语言线索进行分析和归纳,通过悟读和细读,从上下文揣摩文章的隐含意义。

(3) 应用类问题。要求学生根据文章,联系自己的实际生活,对文中的观点进行题外发挥,谈自己的观点和看法。

(三)加强学生的活动

课堂安排:(1)教师可以请单个同学回答问题,从而了解该学生对文章的理解程度。(2)教师在提问较难的问题时,教师允许学生与同桌之间相互讨论。(3)教师可以组织学生进行讨论、辩论、即席自由发言。

课后安排:成立阅读小组,每组4人,学生轮流担任组长,任期一周。(1)教师指定两篇必读文章,再要求选读四篇文章。(2)各组小组长负责这六篇文章的学习安排。组长自己先阅读文章,设置好有关文章理解方面的问题,要求组员自己找时间看文章,接下来组长确定时间,召集四人聚集在一起讨论。(3)每节泛读课上,教师让学生们课下阅读的报纸文章进行工作考核,给出评价。(4)有些趣味性较强,篇幅较短,而且符合中学生口味的文章,学生都可以自读,教师不必检测。

三、开展高中英语阅读泛读课的意义

英语阅读课为学生开设泛读课,一方面是为了扩大学生的知识面,并在一定程度上实现跨学科的学习,为学生提供多样化选择的余地和发展个性的空间,也为学生规划人生提供实践的机会。另一方面,可以为学生扩展学习渠道,不断为学生增加语言输入量,完成课程规定的课外阅读量。使学生在不断的语言接触和学习中,提高综合语言运用的能力。

众所周知,英语泛读课对巩固旧词,学习新词,扩大词汇量,激发学习兴趣、锻炼思维方式,提高阅读速度与能力等方面起着不可低估的作用,它是精读课所不能取代的。高中英语阅读课开设泛读课是提高学生阅读素质不可缺少的有效途径。

参考文献:

1. 教育部《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》人民教育出版社2003年

2. 贾冠杰《外语教育心理学》广西教育出版社2003年

3. 李翠芝“高中英语报刊阅读教学模式初探”《中小学英语教学与研究》2005年

4. 刘电芝《学习策略研究》外语教学与研究出版社1999年

5. 彭锦绣、杨阳“新课程标准指导下的高中英语泛读课程”《中小学外语教学》2003年

6. 邓道宣、任宝贵“新课程背景下英语学习策略的指导和训练”《基础教育》2007年

英语阅读课评课常用语

英语阅读课评课常用语 2012-03-20 飘雪迎梅开阅 31577 转 495 转藏到我的图书馆 微信分享: 亮点: 1.本节阅读课教学设计符合新课程标准理念。教学过程完整,教学目标明确,教学活动由浅入深,环环相扣。具体表现在: 1).通过提问的方式,用图片视频导入,不但调动了学生学习的兴趣,也激活了学生已有的图式,为阅读教学进一步的铺垫。 2).能设计多种题型来训练学生的阅读能力,符合学生的实际。 3).小组讨论引导学生利用已知信息构想和创设新的信息,有利于培养学生综合运用语言的能力。 4).情感教学的渗透,及时的小结和反馈是另一个亮点。 2.本节课符合本学科的教学要求及阅读课型。老师结合学生的实际来设计及开展教学。以学生熟悉的卡通人物激起学习兴趣,采取了分层教学,由浅入深,结构合理,面向全体学生并照顾差异,重难点突出,既训练了学生的阅读能力,同时又训练了学生的听说能力。在本节课中,学生积极参与课堂活动,踊跃回答问题。教学效果良好,目标达成。 这节阅读课教学目标明确,能够根据学情来设计,切合学生实际。总体来说有: 1). 课堂以学生感兴趣的图片以及视频动画来引出本节课的主题,这样可以很好地激发学生的学习热情。 2). 阅读课型特征明显,并进行分层阅读,整节课的教学策略都是以任务型教学为主,明确每一个环节的教学目的。 3). 在每一个教学环节中教师都有一些微技能的渗透,且不停提示学生解题技巧。 4). 注重学生的反馈(学生举手;利用不同颜色的字母卡)。 3.这一堂课是一堂实在,系统扎实,动静结合的英语课。教师以新的课程理念为指导,充分考虑了学生这一年龄阶段的特点,在本课的教学设计和组织上注重了以下几个方面。1.视频导入,充分调动起学生兴趣。良好的开头对一堂课的成功与否,起着关键的作用。本堂课一开始,教师就用视频导入新课,使学生的注意力在最短的时间里,被激活。 2.本堂课上,老师很好的贯彻了:在用中学,学中用,学用结合,学以致用的原则。同时体现了以学生为主体,教师为主导的新课程理念。在这样的一个学习过程中,学习者处于相对自然的态势,不断的在习得和使用语言,学和用每分每秒都和谐的交织在一起。 4.老师成功地给我们上了一节优秀的示范课.她的成功之处有下面几点: 1).整节课的教学流程非常的流畅,教学环节很紧凑.

泛读2U6课外阅读

Passage 6 (Unit 6, Book II: Fathers and sons: the Bonding Process.Family) The pickle jar as far back as I can remember sat on the floor beside the dresser in my parents' bedroom. When he got ready for bed, Dad would empty his pockets and toss his coins into the jar. When the jar was filled, we would take the coins to the bank. Each and every time, as he slid the box of coins across the counter at the bank toward the cashier, he would grin proudly. "These are for my son's college fund. He'll never work at the mill all his life like me." The years passed, and I finished college and took a job. Once, while visiting my parents, I noticed that the pickle jar in my parents' bedroom was gone. A lump rose in my throat as I stared at the spot beside the dresser where the jar had always stood. My dad was a man of few words, and never lectured me on the values of determination, perseverance, and faith. The pickle jar had taught me all these virtues far more eloquently than the most flowery of words could have done. When I married, I told my wife Susan about the significant part the lowly pickle jar had played in my life. In my mind, it defined, more than anything else, how much my dad had loved me. No matter how rough things got at home, Dad continued to doggedly drop his coins into the jar. The first Christmas after our daughter Jessica was born, we spent the holiday with my parents. After dinner, Susan carried the baby into my parents' bedroom to diaper her. When Susan came back into the living room, there was a strange mist in her eyes. She took my hand and leading me into the room. "Look," she said softly, her eyes directing me to a spot on the floor beside the dresser. To my amazement, there, as if it had never been removed, stood the old pickle jar, the bottom already covered with coins. I walked over to the pickle jar, dug down into my pocket, and pulled out a fistful of coins. With the strong emotion choking me, I dropped the coins into the jar. I looked up and saw Dad who is carrying Jessica. Our eyes locked, and I knew he was feeling the same emotions I felt. Neither one of us could speak. 1.Dad is most likely to agree to compare the pickle jar to __________. A. a farm tool B. a piggy bank C. a teaching aid D. a family tradition 2.It can be inferred that the pickle jar was once gone because __________. A.the parents didn’t save money any more B.the author didn’t have to depend on the parents any more C.the financial situation of the family had greatly changed D.the author had fulfilled all his ambitions 3.By saying that “Dad continued to doggedly d rop his coins into the jar” (Line 3, Para. 4), the author intends to point out that father was __________. A.industrious B.considerate C.determined D.far-sighted 4.When Susan saw the old pickle jar in the bedroom, she __________.

英语阅读课教案

教学内容: 单词 interesting, 句型: It’s interesting to…,以一片枫叶在四个季节的不同颜色展开故事教学。 教案一 目标:以四季为主线,操练句型:It is interesting to… 1. 以春天为话题,引入新句型。 T: Now it is spring. It’s so nice. What can you do S1: I can fly the kite. 引导学生运用句型“It is interesting to …”造句,描述春天可以做的事情。 T: Look, here is a little poem for you. 学生读老师创编的小诗。 2.以夏天和秋天为话题,继续操练该句型。 改进之处:在以上教学过程中,丝毫不见阅读课的影子,原因在于教案的设计。阅读课的重点在于读,而教案设计却没有阅读故事课文的环节。 教案二 目标:读懂并理解文章内容。 1.看动画,回答两个简单问题。] (1) Who is he (2) Where is he from (学生观看有声有色的动画短片后,很容易回答了以上两个问题。) 2.学生自主阅读,并根据季节和天气特点的联系完成词与词之间的连线。 What’s the weather like in Canada spring cool summer snowy autumn hot winter rainy (本练习旨在考察学生对文章的整体理解情况,逐步培养学生搜索信息的能力。) 3.集体模仿,跟读录音。 尤其是以下的长难句,要特别注意培养学生的语音、语调和语感。 (1) It is hand to plant flowers in the rain. (2) Is that why we can call autumn “fall” (3) It is so nice to watch the flowers grow. 4.小游戏:猜一猜 设计“猜一猜“的游戏活动,针对教学重点和难点,借助游戏的形式,使操练充满挑战性和趣味性。 5.朗读竞赛:选择你最喜欢的季节所在的段落,并大声朗读这个段落。 (学生喜欢的朗读方式,他们对于自己的表现总是充满期待,并且希望能得到展示自我的机会。)

高中英语阅读课公开课教案---一等奖

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