应用化学专业英语复习资料
一单词短语
1.Molecule 分子molecular 分子的
2.chemical process 化学过程element 元素
3.a t o m原子a t t r a c t i o n吸引力
4.repulsion 排斥力distillation 蒸馏、n
5.distill 蒸馏v rectification 精馏
https://www.360docs.net/doc/4a14446715.html,position 构成structure 结构
7.property 性质mass 质量
8.atomicweight 原子量atomic number 原子
序数
9.ionization energy 电离能period 周期
10.g r o u p族f a m i l y族
11.transition group 过渡族main group 主族
12.i o n离子s u b s t i t u t i o n取代反应
13.el i mi na ti on消除反应nucl eoph i l i c 亲核的
14.nucleophilie 亲核试剂electrophilie亲电试剂
15.alkyl 烷基的functional group 官能
团
16.halides 卤素的leaving group 离去基
团
17.transition state过渡态intermediate 中间体
18.r e a c t a n t反应物p r o d u c t生成物
19.concentration 浓度rate equation 速率方
程
20.c o n s t a n t常数e t h e r醚
21.endothermic 吸热的substrate 反应底物
22.mechanism 机理reagen 试
剂
23.alkene 烯烃exothermic 放热的
24.A n i o n阴离子n i t r o g e n氮气
25.Hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物carbonhydrate 碳水化
合物
26.Alkane 烷烃substituent 取代基
27.Isomerism 同分异构现象isomer 同分异构
28.V i n y l乙烯基d e r i v a t i v e s衍生物
29.acid halides 酰卤acid anhydrides 酸
酐
30.e s t e r s酯a m i d e酰胺
31.ammonia NH3 Acetic anhydride
乙酸酐
32.phenol 芬acid—base titration 酸碱滴定
33.precipitation沉淀analyses 化学分析员
34.IR 红外UV紫外MS质谱GC色相色
谱HPLC高效液相色谱TLC薄层色谱X—rayX射线衍射
二选词填空
1、We can now easily account for many things,
which were thought to be mysterious by the
ancients
2、the acid acts on the metal and a gas is given
off.
3、you should adapt yourself to new ways of
looking at matters
4、electrolytes have more pronounced effect on
colligative properties than do nonelectrolytes. 5、if water in these lakes evaporated at the same
rate as fresh water ,both would nearly dry
up in a matter of year.
6、both laks evaporated very slow compared with a
fresh lake or even the ocean.
7、a property that depends only on the relative
amounts of solute and solvent is know as a
colligative property.
8、for example ,both NaCl (ionic) and HCl （polar
covalent）are classified as electrolytes because
they form ions in aqueous solution.
9、when compounds such as NaCl and HCl are
dissolved in water ,the effect is obvious.
10、if the wires is cut ,the light goes out because
the circuit is broken.
11、when wires are attached to a charged battery
and then to a light bulb ,the light shines
brightly.
12、glass and wood as well as pure water are
examples or nonconductors of electricity.
13、other substances resist the flow of electricity
and are known as nonconductors or
insulators.
14、it has long been known that the presence of a
solute in water may affect its ability to
conduct electricity.
15、when the collection of papers was first brought
out,it was well received by the reviewers.
16、in the same way the dozen or so most
common kinds of kinds of atoms can be put together in many millions of different ways to
make molecules .
17、elements are made up of tiny fundamental
particles called atoms. Fundamental, as it is used
here ,means that they cannot be further
divided by any chemical metheods.
18、each element has atoms that is different from
the atoms of other elements.
19、it would not be quite round; on the contrary
it would consist of three parts represented by
spheres.
20、it is not to be summed up in a single
product or word ,but in an idea or basic
concept.
21、the chemical symbol of an element may stand
the element for.
22、the rate of a chemical reaction is influenced
by several factors such as temperature ,
concentration of reagents , particle size ,light ,and catalyst.
23、all forms of life in earth are very dependent
on chemical reactions or chemical changes.
24、a chemical reaction occurs when elements and
compounds react together to produce different
compounds , or when compounds break down into simpler compounds or elements.
三无机物的命名
H Hydrogen Li Lithium Na Sodium K Potassium Mg Magnesium Ca Calcium
Mn manganese Cu copper Zn zinc Fe iron Hg mercury Ag silver Au gold C Carbon Si Silicon Pb Lead Al Aluminium F Fluorine Cl Chlorine Br Bromine I Iodine
O Oxygen S Sulfur N Nitrogen P Phosphorus
1.直呼其名，即读其元素名称+ ion
如：Na+ sodium ion
K+ potassium ion
2.对于有变价的金属元素，除了可用前缀来表示以外，更多采用罗
马数字来表示金属的氧化态，或用后缀-ous 表示低价，-ic 表示高价
如：Cu+ copper (Ⅰ) ion 或cuprous ion Cu2+ copper (Ⅱ) ion 或cupric ion
Fe2+ iron (Ⅱ) ion 或ferrous ion
Fe3+ iron (Ⅲ) ion 或ferric ion
3.含氢酸根：酸根中的Ｈ读做hydrogen，氢原子的个数用希腊前
缀表示：mono- di - tri- tetra - penta- hexa-
hepta- octa- nona- deca-
举例：
CO32-carbonate ion
HCO3-hydrogen carbonate ion
PO43- phosphate ion
HPO42hydrogencarbonate ion
H2PO4- dihydrogenphosphate ion
4.结晶水读做hydrate ，结晶水的个数用希腊前缀表示：mono-
di - tri- tetra - penta- hexa- hepta- octa- nona- deca-
CuSO4·5H2O copper(Ⅱ) sulfate pentahydrate
AlCl3 ·6H2O aluminum chloride hexahydrate
5.测试
Mg(OH)2magnesium hydroxide AlCl3aluminum chloride
FeBr2 iron(II) bromide CaSO4calcium sulfate
ZnCO3zinc carbonate HF hydrofluoric acid
H3PO4phosphoric acid NO2nitrogen dioxide
CuO copper(II) oxide Al2O3aluminum oxide
NaHSO3sodium hydrogen sulfite
KMnO4potassium permanganate
NaClO sodium hypochloride
四有机物的命名
1)命名正烷基时，只需把烷烃的词尾“-ane换成“-yl”，加在相应
的烷烃的字首后
2)字母规则：
Butyl>Ethyl>Isopropyl>Methyl>Neopentyl>tert-Pentyl >Propyl
3)环烷烃：只需在所对应的烷烃前加上cyclo-即可
4)有些结构较复杂的烷基，需添加词头
5)烯烃和炔烃命名时将相应的烷烃的词尾“烷”(ane)改为“烯”
(ene)或“炔”(yne)，后缀前加上不饱和键的编号即可。
当所带的双键或叁键不止一个时，可在前边加上di-，tri-，tetra-等希腊前缀来表示
6)烃类分子中同时含有双键和叁键时成为烯炔，命名时烯在前炔在
后，双键的编号写在前面，叁键的定位号写在表示炔烃词尾之前。
例如：
7）顺式cis- ，反式trans-
二汉译英
Unit1
The early beginnings of chemistry were clearly motivated by practical needs of people .
早期的化学显然是出于实际的需要。火的发现为远古人提供了第一个机会去实现控制化学反应过程。他们学会制备铜制物品，铜和其它材料是现成的。.由于化学过程的使用早于人们的书写，因而没有书面记录有关它们的化学技巧。可以判断他们的化学能力只有从考古的发现的各个手工艺品。正如早期的数学发展，清楚的预示着实际需求影响着化学的发展。但化学和数学在这个阶段可能没有互相影响。如果
它们影响了，但是没有记录证明这个。
Now ,most dictionaries define chemistry as the science that deals with the composition ,structure ,and properties of substances and the reactions by which one substance is converted into another .
现在，很多词典把化学定义为涉及物质的组成、结构、性质以及一种物质转为另一种反应的科学。知道化学的定义，然而，并不与知道它的具体涵义相同。本质上，化学是一门实验科学。实验提供两个重要角色。它形成了明确理论必须解释的问题是观察的基础以及提供了一中检查新理论的有效性的方式。本文强调了化学科学的实验性。尽可能经常地，在观察的理论解释之前，提供实验的化学理论。Chemical is one of three fundamental natural science，the other two being physics and biology. 化学是三种基础自然科学之一，另外两种是物理和生物。自从宇宙大爆炸以来，化学过程持续进行，甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢。这三步是：（I）物理进化（化学元素的产生），（II）化学进化（分子和生物分子的形成）；和（III）生物进化（有机物的形成和发展）。
Unit 5
Not long after Dalton presented his model for the atom
不久之后道尔顿提出他的原子模型（一个不可分割的粒子的质量决定其特性）科学家开始准备按他们的原子的重量安排元素表。当规划出这些元素的表，这些科学家观察这些元素的模型。例如，越来越清晰的表明某些特定间隔的元素共享某些相似的性质。在那个时候大约60个已知元素中,第四和第十一,第五和第十二（拥有相似性质）,等等。
Mendeleev left a number of gaps in his table.
门捷列夫在他的元素周期表中留下了许多空格。他非但没有将那些空格看作缺憾，而且他甚至预言一些这些未发现的元素的特性。在以后的许多年中，许多空格被发现的新元素填入。性质经常十分接近于门捷列夫已经预言的那些性质。这个伟大革新的预言价值是门捷列夫的元素周期表被广泛接受。
So far ,our main emphasis concerning the periodic table has been on the vertical columns ,which contain the families of elements .
到目前为止，我们关于周期表的主要重点是垂直列，包含的元素的族。事实上，以及水平行中有共同的特点。事实上，以及水平行中有共同的特点。表中的元素的水平行被称为周期。每个周期间结束的元素称为惰性气体的族。这些元素，贵金属，像是化学不活跃的惰性，
组成的单个原子。第一周期期包含仅有两个元素和氦。第二和第三周期包含8个元素，第四和第五个包含18个，第六周期包含32个和第七周期包含26个。第七周期还会包含32个，如果有足够的元素。Unit 12
For many years ,analytical chemistry relied on chemical reactions to identify and determine the components present in a sample.
多年来，分析化学依赖化学反应，以确定出现在一个样本中的组分。这些类型的经典方法，经常被称为“湿化学方法”，通常需要采集一部分样品，溶解在适当的溶剂，如有必要，进行所需的反应。这种重要的分析方法基于体积和重量的分析。氯化银沉淀法测定银等都是湿化学分析示例。要想获得准确、精密的结果，这类分析需要高度技巧以及分析工作者对技巧细节的高度关注。他们也耗费时间以及今天的高吞吐量制药开发实验室和工业质量控制实验室的往往不允许使用这种耗时的用于常规分析的方法的要求。例子包括评估有价值的艺术品确定一幅画是被否来自一位著名的大师，或者是一个现在的仿品，同样在需要保存证据的法医分析那里。对于这些类型的分析、无损分析分析方法是必要的,和湿化学分析将不起作用。湿化学分析仍然使用在专业的分析领域，但许多容量法已移交给自动化工具，传统的分析和仪器分析在许多方面是相似的，比如在需要适当的采样、样品制备、评价的准确度和精密度,以及正确的数据保存。
A gravimetric method is one in which the analysis is completed by a weighting operation.
应用化学专业英语
英译汉： 1.First, electrons are added one at a time moving from left to right across a period……首先，从左向右横跨一个周期时每次增加一个电子。当这种情况发生时，最外层电子将受到逐渐增强的核引力，所以电子将更接近原子核而受到其更紧密的束缚力。其次，在周期表中从上向下移动一列，最外层电子受到核的束缚力将变弱。这是因为主能级数（屏蔽最外层电子受到核的吸引）在每族向下移动时增加。这些趋势解释了通过观察元素的原子半径、电离能、电子亲和力和电负性而得到的元素性质的周期性规律。 2.It is important to note that at equilibrium the rates of reaction,rate r and rate f are equilibrium mixture are usually not equal……值得注意的是，在化学平衡时的反应速率，正反应速率和你反应速率相等但反应物和生成物的摩尔浓度在平衡混合态时一般不相等。但是，事实上每种反应物和生成物在平衡时其浓度为定值，因为每种物质在一个反应中的消耗速率与其在相应你反应正的生成速率相等。在化学平衡提出之前，这种系统被称为动力学平衡状态。 3.This is a mathematical expression of the law of chemical equilibrium which may be stated as follows: When a reversible…………这是化学平衡定律的数学表达式，它可以通过如下所述：当一个可逆反应在给定温度下达到平衡时，在方程式中箭头右边物质的摩尔浓度的积除以左边物质摩尔浓度的积（每种物质浓度的幂等于反应方程式中每种物质的分子数）为定值， 4.Analytical chemistry,or the art of recognizing different substances and determining their constituents, takes a prominent position among 分析化学或鉴定不同物质并测定其成分的技术，因为可以解决每当化学过程被用于科学的或技术性的目的是产生的问题，而在科学应用领域中占显著地位。其极其高的重要性便得它在化学历史上的一个非常早的时期已经被辛勤耕耘了，其记载包含了分布在整个科学领域定量分析工作的一大部分。定量分析的测量也在许多研究领域：化学、生物化学、地质学和其它科学中发挥重要作用。 5.The interaction of UV and visible radiation with matter can provide qualitative identification of molecules and polyatomic……………紫外可见光与物质相互作用时可以提供包含离子和复合物的分子和多原子的物种的定性鉴定。分子和多原子物种，特别是有机分子的结构信息可以得到。这种定性信息通常是通过研究紫外可见光谱获得（紫外可见过的吸收作为穿过分子的波长的函数）紫外可见光的吸收带的形状和强度与吸收物质的电子的结构有关。分子通常是被溶解在溶剂中来获得光谱。 6.One of the most important features of fine chemicals manufacture is the great variety of ………………… 随着新产品持续不断地出现，精细化学品生产制造的一个最重要特征是产品的多样化。 因此，许多化学品都存在需求上的重大波动，如果每种产品都通过专用于某特定工序的车间来生产，投资和劳工费用将是巨大的。结合需要的不断改变和假设机器设备一般在它们设定的最大容量一下正常运行，这将使制造业的花费很高。因此，只有多产量的精细化学品或通过特殊的产法或纯度要求极高的化合物才可以用专门的车间来生产。然后，大多数精细化学品都是在多目标的或多产品的生产线（车间）生产制造。 汉译英：
应用化学专业英语词汇
Toxic chemicals：有毒化学品 Chemical pollution：化学污染 Physical property ：物性 Natural changes: 自然变化 Scientific fields：科学领域 Isolate：分离 Determine：测定 Synthesize：合成 Fundamental principles：基本原理 Investigation：研究 Utilize：利用 化学式书写的基本规则 如何写化学式 命名化合物 二元化合物：氧化物，盐，酸 （1）阴离子元素加后缀–ide （2）多价态元素加前缀：mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa- （3）低价氧化态后缀–ous，高价氧化态后缀–ic 氧化物 盐 酸：基础元素（前缀hydro-, 后缀-ic）+ acid 氢氧化物（碱）： 金属元素（价态）+ hydroxide 含氧酸及其盐 （1）基本元素仅有一种氧化态 酸：基础元素加后缀-ic + acid 盐：阳离子元素+基础元素加后缀-ate （2）基本元素有二种氧化态 酸：基础元素加后缀（-ous低价态，-ic高价态）+ acid 盐：阳离子元素+ 基础元素加后缀（-ite低价态, -ate高价态）（3）基本元素有多种氧化态 酸：最低氧化态基础元素（前缀hypo-, 后缀-ous）+ acid 较低氧化态基础元素加后缀-ous+ acid 较高氧化态基础元素加后缀-ic + acid 最高氧化态基础元素（前缀per-, 后缀-ic）+ acid 盐：最低氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素（前缀hypo-, 后缀-ite）较低氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素加后缀-ite 较高氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素加后缀-ate 最高氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素（前缀per-, 后缀-ate） 不同水分子含量的酸 较低水含量前缀meta- 较高水含量前缀ortho-
应用化学专业英语介绍
应用化学专业 报告 学院：理学院 专业：应用化学 学号：20100153022 姓名：浦仕瑞
Applied chemistry speciality One、applied chemistry speciality-main courses: Training target：This specialized raise has the chemical basic theory, basic knowledge in strong experimental skills,can in scientific research institutions,colleges and universities and enterprises and institutions, engaged in scientific research,teaching and management work of the senior specialized talents. Training requirements：Students of this specialty mainly study the basic knowledge of chemistry,the basic theory,basic skills and related engineering knowledge,is the basic research and applied basic research of scientific thought and scientific experiment training,has good scientific literacy,have use knowledge and experimental skills in applied research,technology development and technology management of the basic skills. Main courses: Main subject:chemical Main course:Inorganic chemistry、,analytical chemistry(including instrument analysis),organic chemistry,physical chemistry(including structural chemistry,chemical engineering foundation and chemical mapping. The main practice teaching links include production practice,graduation thesis,general arrangement and a week of twenty. Length of schooling:four years awarded degree：physical or Bachelor's Similar professional:chemical applied chemistry chemical biology molecular science and engineering chemical engineering and technology Two、Four chemistry： （Inorganic chemistry,analytical chemistry,organic chemistry,physical chemistry） Inorganic chemistry：Inorganic chemistry relative to organic chemistry, the non carbon.However,some carbon compounds,such as carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide,carbon disulfide,carbonic acid compounds,
应用化学专业英语Unit5-万有志
The Periodic Table As our picture of the atom becomes more detailed, we find ourselves in a dilemma.当我们对原子了解的越来越详细时，我们发现我们其中处在两难之中己。With more than 100 elements to deal with, how can we keep all this information straight?由于超过100种元素要处理，我们怎样能理顺所有的信息？One way is by using the periodic table of the elements.一个方法是使用元素周期表。The periodic table neatly tabulates information about atoms. 周期表整齐地列出了原子信息的表格。It records how many protons and electrons the atoms of a particular element contain. 它记录了一个具体的元素的原子包含多少质子和电子。It permits us to calculate the number of neutrons in the most common isotope for most elements. 它允许我们为大多数元素计算最常见的同位素中的中子的数量。It even stores information about how electrons are arranged in the atoms of each element. 它甚至储存了每个元素的原子周围是如何安排电子的信息。The most extraordinary thing about the periodic table is that it was largely developed before anyone knew there were protons or neutrons or electrons in atoms. 关于周期表的最杰出的事情是在任何人知道在原子周围有质子、中子或者电子之前被提出来。 In 1869, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, a Russian chemist, published his periodic table of the elements. 在1869年，Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev，一位俄罗斯化学家，出版了他的元素周期表。Mendeleev prepared his table by taking into account both the atomic weights and the periodicity of certain properties of the elements. Mendeleev综合考虑元素的原子量和性质的相似性制成了他的元素周期表。The elements were arranged primarily in order of increasing atomic weight. 元素主要按照原子量增加的顺序排列。In a few cases, Mendeleev placed a slightly heavier element with similar chemical properties in the same row. 在一些情况里，Mendeleev把稍微重一点且性质相似的（元素）放在一列中。For example, he placed tellurium (atomic weight = 128) ahead of iodine (atomic weight = 127) because tellurium resembled sulfur and selenium in its properties, whereas iodine was similar to chlorine and bromine. 例如，他把碲(原子量= 128)排在碘(原子量= 127)前面，因为碲在它的特性方面类似硫和硒，而碘类似于氯和溴。 Mendeleev left a number of gaps in his table. Mendeleev在他的元素周期表中留下了许多空格。Instead of looking upon those blank spaces as defects, he boldly predicted the existence of elements as yet undiscovered. 他没有认为这些空格的出现是周期表的缺陷，而是大胆的预言还有未被发现的元素的存在。Furthermore, he even predicted the properties of some of these missing elements. 而且，他甚至预言一些这些未发现的元素的特性。In succeeding years, many of the gaps were filled in by the discovery of new elements. 在以后的许多年中，许多空格被发现的新元素填入。The properties were often quite close to those Mendeleev had predicted. 性质经常十分接近于Mendeleev已经预言的那些性质。The predictive value of this great innovation led to the wide acceptance of Mendeleev's table. 这个伟大革新的预言价值是Mendeleev的元素周期表被广泛接受。 It is now known that properties of an element depend mainly on the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of the atoms of the element. 现在知道一种元素的性质主要取决于元素原子最外层能级的电子数目。Sodium atoms have one electron in their outermost energy level (the third). 钠原子在它们的最外层能级(第3层)里有一个电子. Lithium atoms have a single electron in their outermost level (the second). 锂原子在他们的最外层能级(第2)里有一个单电子. The chemical properties of sodium and lithium are similar. 钠和锂的化学性质是相似的。The atoms of helium and neon have filled outer electron energy levels, and both elements are inert. 氦和氖的原子充满电子能级，并且两种元素都是无活动的。That is, they do not undergo chemical reactions readily. 也就是说，他们不容易经历化学反应。Apparently, not only are similar chemical properties shared by elements whose atoms have similar electron configurations (arrangements) but also certain configurations appear to be more stable (less reactive) than others. 显然，不仅是具有相似的电子构造(安排)的原子的元素具有相似的化学性质，而且某些构造看起来比其它（构造）是更稳定(更少活性)的。
应用化学专业英语翻译完整篇
1 Unit5元素周期表 As our picture of the atom becomes more detailed 随着我们对原子的描述越来越详尽，我们发现我们陷入了进退两难之境。有超过100多中元素要处理，我们怎么能记的住所有的信息？有一种方法就是使用元素周期表。这个周期表包含元素的所有信息。它记录了元素中所含的质子数和电子数，它能让我们算出大多数元素的同位素的中子数。它甚至有各个元素原子的电子怎么排列。最神奇的是，周期表是在人们不知道原子中存在质子、中子和电子的情况下发明的。Not long after Dalton presented his model for atom( )在道尔顿提出他的原子模型（原子是是一个不可分割的粒子，其质量决定了它的身份）不久，化学家门开始根据原子的质量将原子列表。在制定像这些元素表时候，他们观察到在元素中的格局分布。例如，人们可以清楚的看到在具体间隔的元素有着相似的性质。在当时知道的大约60种元素中，第二个和第九个表现出相似的性质，第三个和第十个，第四个和第十一个等都具有相似的性质。 In 1869,Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev,a Russian chemist, 在1869年，Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev ,一个俄罗斯的化学家，发表了他的元素周期表。Mendeleev通过考虑原子重量和元素的某些特性的周期性准备了他的周期表。这些元素的排列顺序先是按原子质量的增加,,一些情况中, Mendeleev把稍微重写的元素放在轻的那个前面.他这样做只是为了同一列中的元素能具有相似的性质.例如,他把碲(原子质量为128)防在碘(原子质量为127)前面因为碲性质上和硫磺和硒相似, 而碘和氯和溴相似. Mendeleev left a number of gaps in his table.Instead of Mendeleev在他的周期表中留下了一些空白。他非但没有将那些空白看成是缺憾，反而大胆的预测还存在着仍未被发现的元素。更进一步，他甚至预测出那些一些缺失元素的性质出来。在接下来的几年里，随着新元素的发现，里面的许多空格都被填满。这些性质也和Mendeleev所预测的极为接近。这巨大创新的预计值导致了Mendeleev的周期表为人们所接受。 It is known that properties of an element depend mainly on the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of the atoms of the element. 我们现在所知道的元素的性质主要取决于元素原子最外层能量能级的电子数。钠原子最外层能量能级（第三层）有一个电子，锂原子最外层能量能级（第二层）有一个电子。钠和锂的化学性质相似。氦原子和氖原子外层能级上是满的，这两种都是惰性气体，也就是他们不容易进行化学反应。很明显，有着相同电子结构（电子分布）的元素的不仅有着相似的化学性质，而且某些结构也表现比其他元素稳定（不那么活泼） In Mendeleev’s table,the elements were arranged by atomic weights for 在Mendeleev的表中，元素大部分是按照原子数来排列的，这个排列揭示了化学性质的周期性。因为电子数决定元素的化学性质，电子数也应该（现在也确实）决定周期表的顺序。在现代的周期表中，元素是根据原子质量来排列的。记住，这个数字表示了在元素的中性原子中的质子数和电子数。现在的周期表是按照原子数的递增排列，Mendeleev的周期表是按照原子质量的递增排列，彼此平行是由于原子量的增加。只有在一些情况下（Mendeleev注释的那样）重量和顺序不符合。因为原子质量是质子和中子质量的加和，故原子量并不完全随原子序数的增加而增加。原子序数低的原子的中子数有可能比原子序数高的原
化学专业英语结课论文
化学专业英语结课论文 摘要;化学科学技术发展战略更加贴近社会和经济需求, 生态环境恶化严重干扰可持续发展。化学科学技术活动总目标是:提供安全的能量、化学品和制造品, 既不会不可逆转地消耗地球上的稀有原料, 也不会产生有害物质污染地球;发现和创新新物质, 研究物质的化学和物理转化, 检测鉴定各种尺度物质的结构和性质;理论化学、计算化学和过程系统工程的创新应用, 及其与生物学、医药、电子学、信息学协同并在材料、医药、能源、信息、环境以及国家安全领域激励人心的应用。科学研究和人才培养都充满学科交叉。 关键词:化学科学技术;人与自然协调;可持续发展;创新 Chemical Science and Technology and Sustainable Development Abstract:Development strategy of chemical science and technology depends more and more on the demand of society and economic development nowadays, while the environment deterioration seriously interferes the sustainable development.So the chief objectives of chemical science and technology are:to provide safe energy, chemicals and products;not to consume the rare materials on earth irreversibly;not to produce harmful wastes to pollute the environment;to discover and innovate new compounds;to make research on the chemical and physical transformation of substances;to detect and determine the structures and the properties of materials of various sizes;and to make the innovative application of theoretical chemistry, computer chemistry and processing systematic engineering and their synergies with biology, pharmaceutics, electronic sand informatics for the application in the fields of materials, pharmaceutics, energy resources, information, environment and national security .Subject intersection always penetrates in scientific research and talent cultivation. Key words:chemical science and technology;harmony of human and nature;sustainable development; discover and innovate[1]
应用化学专业英语及答案
黄冈师范学院 2009—2010学年度第一学期期末试卷考试课程：专业英语考核类型：考试A卷 考试形式：闭卷出卷教师：杨一思 考试专业：化学考试班级：应用化学200601 一、Translate the following into English（20 points） 1.过滤 2.浓缩 3.结晶化 4.吸附 5. 蒸馏6．超临界的 7.二氯甲烷 8.热力学平衡 9.亲电性 10.表面张力 11.共轭的 12.酮 13.平衡常数 14.丙基 15.丁基 16.亚甲基 18.环己酮 19.同位素 20.标准熵 二、Translate the following into Chinese（20 points） 1. methyl propanoate 2. rate constant 3. ethyl methyl ketone 4. free energy 5. radical intermediate 6. isobutyl methyl ether 7. 3-chloropropene 8. primary radical 9. n-propyl bromide 10. bond energy 11. circulating electrons 12. local magnetic fields 13. tetramethylsilane 14. mass to charge ratios 15 phenylamine 16 amide 17. amine 18. nucleophile 19. perchlorate 20. carbocation 三、Translation the following into chinese （40 points） A卷【第1页共 3 页】
应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版课后答案和课文翻译
Uｎit 1 The RｏotｓoｆCｈemisｔry Ｉ．Ｃoｍpreｈensioｎ. 1。Ｃ 2. Ｂ3．D 4. C 5. B ＩI。Ｍａｋe ａsenｔeｎｃe ｏut of ｅach ｉｔem ｂy reaｒranging ｔhe wordｓin ｂracｋets. 1.Tｈｅｐuｒiｆｉcation of aｎorganｉc compounｄis usually a matter of consｉｄerａｂlｅdｉfｆicｕｌtｙ, and iｔis nｅcｅｓsaｒy to eｍploy vａrious methoｄs fｏr thｉｓpurpｏse。 2.Science is an ｅｖeｒ－iｎcｒｅasing boｄy ofａccｕｍｕlａｔed anｄ ｓｙsｔｅmatiｚed knowledｇe ａnd iｓalsｏan activｉty bｙwｈic ｈｋnowledge iｓｇenerated。 3.Lifｅ，aftｅr all, is onｌy cｈeｍistry,in faｃｔ, a sｍall example of ｃ hｅｍistry ｏbsｅｒved oｎａsｉngle munｄane pｌａnet。 4.Peoplｅaｒe made of molｅculｅｓ; sｏmｅｏf ｔhｅmｏleculｅs in p ｅople aｒe rａｔher ｓimple whｅreas otｈerｓａｒｅhｉghly compｌex。 5.Chｅｍistry ｉｓever preseｎｔin ｏｕｒｌｉves frｏm ｂｉｒtｈ tｏｄeａthｂeｃａｕse withoｕt chｅmｉｓtrｙｔhere iｓneither life nor deａth. 6.Maｔhｅｍaｔics apｐeａｒs ｔo be almost as humaｎkiｎｄand ａｌ ｓo ｐermeaｔeｓall aspeｃts of ｈuman life, aｌthough ｍａｎｙof us are ｎｏｔfuｌly ａwａrｅoｆtｈis. III。Tｒanｓlatioｎ. 1.（a)chｅmicaｌprｏcess (b) natuｒal scienｃe（c）the teｃhｎｉ ｑｕe of distｉllaｔioｎ 2.Iｔｉs theａtｏｍs that ｍａkｅuｐｉron, waｔeｒ，oｘygen and the lｉke/anｄso on／aｎｄsｏfortｈ/aｎd otherｗiｓe. 3.Cheｍisｔｒy haｓa very long hｉｓtorｙ, ｉnｆaｃｔ，human a ｃtivity in chｅｍｉstrｙgｏes bａｃk ｔo ｐreｒecｏrｄed tｉmｅｓ/pｒedatiｎg reｃｏrded times． 4.Aｃcoｒdｉng to/Froｍthe eｖapoｒaｔion oｆwaｔeｒ，pｅople know ／reaｌized ｔｈat ｌiquidｓcａn ｔurn/bｅ/changeｉｎto gases ｕndeｒcertain conditions/circｕmsｔance／enｖironment。 5.Yoｕｍusｔknow ｔhe propｅｒtieｓｏfｔｈe materiaｌbeｆore y ｏu use it. IＶ．Ｔrａnslation 化学是三种基础自然科学之一,另外两种是物理和生物.自从宇宙大爆炸以来，化学过程持续进行,甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快，其余两步相当慢.这三步
专业英语作文 化学
Degradable Plastic Bags The plastic material, is a high molecular weight organic matter as main component. Over the past few years plastics inspire countless innovations that help make life better, healthier and safer every day. For example, plastic bags help keep the foods we eat and serve our families safer and fresher than ever before. But it cause the white pollution. So June 1, 2008 started the implementation of the "plastic limit order" .To protect our environment, we should use more environmental plastic bags. The production of plastic bags added in the process of degradation masterbatch plastic bags that degradable plastic bags, degradable plastic bags for 90 days can automatically decompose in accord with certain conditions. To the plastic film bag as raw material for the production of plastic bags, we used plastic bags: the bag bag, shopping bags, handbags, handbags, bags, vest belt and industrial. Some domestic "manufacturers of degradable plastic" method is mainly used in PVC, by adding a certain proportion of starch biodegradable agents, thus changing the hydrocarbon structure of PVC, by microorganisms and decomposition. Another approach is the incorporation of photosensitizer, in plastics, in the sunshine
应用化学专业英语翻译
１０级应用化学（2）班郑禄春 B2０1０06３224 Lessｅn ２4 ChemicａｌＲeaｃtionｓ Conseｒvation of mａｓs ａnd ｅｎergy(质量与能量守恒) Ｔwo ｃonseｒvaｔｉｏn laws（定律) apｐlｙｔo aｌｌｃhemical reaｃtionｓ: E ｎergy can neitheｒ be cｒｅated nｏr deｓtroｙed, anｄｍａｔteｒｃaｎneither ｂｅ created nor deｓtｒｏyed. Thus the ａtoms taking part in a chemical reactioｎ may be reａrrangｅd, bｕt all ｔhe atoms preseｎt ｉn the reacｔan ｔs must also be preｓent in ｔhe prodｕctｓ, and the tｏtaｌｍasｓ oｆ tｈe ｒeactants muｓt equaｌ thｅｔotaｌｍａss ｏｆthe prｏducts. 化学反应 质量守恒和能量守恒 两个守恒定律(定律)适用于所有的化学反应:能量既不能创造也不能消灭,物质也不能创造也不能消灭。因此原子参与化学反应可能重新安排，但所有的原子出现在反应物必须包含在产品,反应物的总质量必须等于生产物的总质量。 What is ａ chｅmicaｌ reaction? A chｅmicaｌreaｃtiｏn occｕｒs whｅn sｕbsｔａnｃes (tｈe ｒｅactantｓ) colｌide (碰撞）ｗiｔh ｅnouｇｈ energｙ tｏｒearｒａnge to form difｆerent c ｏｍpounds (ｔhe ｐrｏdｕcts）. The changｅ iｎ enerｇy that occurs wheｎ a reaction take pｌａｃe ｉs deｓcriｂed by therｍｏdｙｎaｍics（热力学）anｄt ｈe ｒａｔｅ oｒ speed at which a reacｔioｎocｃurｓis descｒibed by kiｎeticｓ (动力学) . Reacｔions in ｗhiｃh ｔｈe ｒeaｃtａnｔｓaｎd ｐrｏductｓcoｅxist arｅ coｎｓidｅｒed ｔo be in equilｉｂriuｍ(处于平衡）. A chｅｍiｃａl ｅｑuaｔion ｃonsｉｓts ｏf the ｃhemｉｃal fｏrmｕｌａ（化学式)of thｅ rea ｃｔants, and ｔhe cｈemical fｏｒmｕla of ｔhe ｐrodｕcts. The twｏａre separateｄ bｙａn → uｓually read aｓ“yｉelｄs”ａnｄeach ｃhemicａl forｍula is sｅpａｒatｅd frｏm otheｒs by ａ plus sｉgn (加号）． Sometime ｓ a trｉangｌe is dｒawｎ over ｔhe arrow symbol tｏｄenotｅ enerｇy ｍuｓt ｂe addeｄｔo ｔｈe subsｔances ｆor ｔhe ｒeａcｔiｏn to beｇｉn． Eａch ｃｈemiｃaｌ formula may be pｒｅｃeded by a sｃalaｒ（数量的) ｃoｅｆficienｔｉndicatｉng thｅ proｐorｔion (比例) ｏｆ that substaｎce nｅｃｅssary to ｐｒoｄｕce ｔhe rｅacｔion in forｍulａ. Foｒinstanｃe， thｅｆoｒmｕla ｆoｒ the buｒning of mｅthane(CH4 + 2O2 →ＣO2 + 2H2O） iｎdｉｃates that twｉce as much Ｏ2 aｓ CH４ iｓ nｅｅded, and wｈen tｈey reａct， twicｅas ｍuch H2O as ＣO2 wｉll be produceｄ. This is ｂecａuse durｉng tｈe reａctiｏｎ，each atom ｏｆ cａrbon needｓ eｘａctlｙ two atoms ｏf oxygen ｔo combｉnｅ with, to ｐroduｃe the CO2, and ｅvｅry twｏaｔｏms of ｈydrｏgen need an atｏm ｏf oxygen tｏcombine wiｔｈｔo proｄuce ｔhｅH２O． If thｅ pｒｏportiｏns ｏf thｅ reactaｎtｓarｅ nｏｔ reｓpecｔed, when ｔhey arｅ foｒｃｅd ｔｏreacｔ, eitheｒ not all oｆｔhe ｓuｂstance used wilｌparticipate in tｈe re ａｃｔion, or the reａctiｏｎ that wｉll take pｌace ｗilｌbｅ dｉｆfｅｒent ｆｒom tｈe ｏne noteｄin ｔhｅ equatｉon.. 什么是化学反应 一个化学反应发生在物质（反应物）碰撞有足够的能量去重新排列,形成不同的化合物(产品）。当反应发
应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版(课后答案和课文翻译)
应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版(课后答案和课文翻译)
Unit 1 The Roots of Chemistry I. Comprehension. 1.C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B II. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets. 1. The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerable difficulty, and it is necessary to employ various methods for this purpose. 2. Science is an ever-increasing body of accumulated and systematized knowledge and is also an activity by which knowledge is generated. 3. Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistry observed on a single mundane planet. 4. People are made of molecules; some of the molecules in people are rather simple whereas others are highly complex. 5. Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death because without chemistry there is neither life nor death. 6. Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates all aspects of human life, although many of us are not fully aware of this. III. Translation. 1. (a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of distillation 2. It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like/and so on/and so forth/and otherwise. 3. Chemistry has a very long history, in fact, human activity in chemistry goes back to prerecorded times/predating recorded times. 4. According to/From the evaporation of water, people know/realized that liquids can turn/be/change into gases under certain conditions/circumstance/environment. 5. You must know the properties of the material before you use it. IV . Translation 化学是三种基础自然科学之一，另外两种是物理和生物。自从宇宙大爆炸以 来，化学过程持续进行，甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人 们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢。这三 步是：（I ）物理进化（化学元素的产生），（II ）化学进化（分子和生物分子的 形成）；和（III ）生物进化（有机物的形成和发展）。 V . Solution: （1）The relative mass of 1H and 12C atoms can be calculated from their absolute masses in grams. 1 24 1223H 1.6735100.083986C 1.992610--?==?