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一、直接引语变间接引语

1.人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。

1). “一随主”指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时,变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致. She said “I like playing basketball”.

She said that _____ _____ playing basketball .

2). “二随宾”指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时,变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致. She asked Tom “Can I have a look at your picture”.

She asked Tom if ______ could have a look at ______ picture .

3). “第三人称不更新”指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时,变间接宾语时人称保持不变. She said to me “They want to help me”.

She told me that _____ _____ to help me .

2.指示代词，时间、地点状语的变化

直接引语间接引语

指示代词this that t hat t hose

时间状语now then today that day

this morning that morning

three days ago three days before

Last week the week before

tomorrow the next /following day

next year the next year

地点状语here there

动词come go

二. 宾语从句的考查

宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1.考查宾语从句的语序：

宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即“主语+谓语+……

Do you know when __________?

A.does the next train leave

B.the next train leaves

C.will the next train leave

D.the next train will leave

注：若从句时疑问句，但语序不变的有：

1).who在从句中作主语。

Can you tell me _________?(谁将来这儿)

2).what’s wrong / the matter ?

He asked what was the matter with me .

3).what happened

I don’t know what happened yesterday .

4).which is the way to ….?

Can you tell me which is the way to the park ?

2.考查宾语从句的引导词

1).若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that 且that 可省掉。

She said “I’m gald to see you”= She said _____ _____ ______ gald to see me .

2).宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether . 一般情况下if /whether 可互换，

但后有or not / or 、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether .

He saked me “Are you going to Wuhan ?”= He asked me ______ _____ _____ going to Wuhan.

I’m thinking about ______ to go there .

A.if

B.whether

C.that

3).宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。

Do you know ________? I’m not sure ,Maybe he is a businessman .

A.who he is

B.who is he

C.what he does

D.what does he do

4).若宾语从句时肯定祈使句时，就改为ask /tell sb to do sth .若为否定祈使句，就改为ask /tell sb not to sth .

“Don’t open the door”The teacher said . = The teacher told me _____ ____ ___ the door .

3.宾语从句的时态

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

Can you tell me _________? He is a doctor .

A.what is he

B.what he was

C.what he is

D.what was he

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。

He asked ____________.

A.what time it is

B.what time is it

C.what time it was

D.what time was it

He told me that he ______ for the sports meet.

A.is preparing

B.was preparing

C.will prepare

D.has prepared

注：1) 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。

Our teacher said that January_____(be) the first month of the year.

Our teacher said that the earth ___(go) around the sun.

2).若主句为could you …..?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。

Could you tell me _______?

A.what he was doing

B.what was he doing

C.what he is doing

D.what is he doing

4.if /when 引导状语从句和宾语从句这两种从句。从句的时态的确定。

if When if/when从句的时态

条件/时间状语从句如果、假如当…的时候一般现在时

宾语从句是否什么时候一般将来时

Can you guess if they___ to play football with us ? I think they will come if they ____free.

A. come , are

B. will come , will be

C. will come , are

D. come , will be

Can you tell me when he____here tomorrow ? When he _____ here , please call me .

A. comes , comes

B. will come , will come

C. will come ,comes

D. comes, will come

5.宾语从句的简化：

1).宾语从句是陈述句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为“动词+ to do sth”.

I hope I can meet you again .

I hope _____ _____ you again .

2).宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为“疑问词+ to do sth”.

I don’t know what I should do next .

I don’t know ____ ____ _____ next .

Could you tell me how I can get there ?

Could you tell me ____ ____ _____ there ?

John didn’t decide which shirt he would buy .

John didn’t decide _____ ____ _____ _____ .

3).hear / see / find + that + 从句，可改为“hear / see / find + sb (要用宾格) + doing sth”.

I heard that they were singing in the next room.=

I heard _____ _____ in the next room .

We found that she was playing with the cat under the tree .

We found _____ _____ with the cat under the tree.

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