英语感叹句与祈使句专讲(知识梳理 练习)
中考英语感叹句与祈使句专讲（知识梳理练习）
中考英语感叹句与祈使句专讲（知识梳理+练习）
感叹句和祈使句都是中考考察的重点，在选择题、句型转换、填空和改错等题型中都会出现。这属于语法的基础部分，也是重点部分。需要完全搞懂，驾轻就熟。
一、感叹句
感叹句的概念：
感叹句表示快乐、惊讶、悲哀、厌恶、恐惧等浓厚和强烈的感情。感叹句一般用降调，句末都用叹号。
感叹句构成；
How或what(a、an)+感叹部分+陈述句（主谓）
感叹句一般用感叹词How或What引导。How作状语，修饰形容词、副词或动词，What作定语，修饰名词。
(一)由感叹词what引导的感叹句。
注意，What引导的感叹句感叹部分主体是名词。
1、 What+a/an+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主谓+！
例句：What a fine day it is!
2、What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主谓+!
例句：What kind women they are!
3、What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓!
例句：What nice music it is!
（二）由How引导的感叹句。
注意，how引导的感叹句，主体部分是形容词、副词或动词。
1、How+形容词（副词）+主谓+！
例句：How hard the workers are working! 工人工作是多么努力啊！
How clever the girl is! 那女孩是多么聪明啊！
How quickly the boy is writing! 那男孩写得多快啊！
How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊！
2、How+主谓+！
例句：How time flies! 时光飞逝!
（三）注意:
1、当how修饰副词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前，保持感叹词+感叹部分+主谓这个结构。
如: How fast the runner runs!
2、what引导的感叹句与how引导的感叹句可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。这种转换在初中英语句型转换题型中经常出现。
如: What an interesting story it is! = How interesting the story is! = How interesting this story is= How interesting that story is
What interesting stories they are! = How interesting the stories are! = How interesting these stories are! = How interesting those stories are!
What a beautiful building it is! = How beautiful the building is! = How beautiful this building is! = How beautiful that building is!
What beautiful buildings they are! = How beautiful the buildings are! = How beautiful these buildings are! = How beautiful those buildings are!
What a clever girl she is! =How clever the girl is!
这种转换有些初学者不太明白，要记住感叹句的实质是感叹词+感叹部分+主谓！形式上How型感叹句，单数名词前需加限定词the、this和that，复数名词前需加限定词the、these和those。这是为了保证感叹句的后半部分的主谓完整性。而What型感叹句，因为名词提到感叹部分，感叹句主谓部分的主语就用人称代词it或they替代。其中感叹部分的名词是单数，则主谓部分的主语用it，复数时主语就用they。
3、在口语中，有时感叹句的主谓部分常常省略，只保留感叹词+感叹部分。
如: What a nice present! （省略it is）
How disappointed! （省略he is）
同步练习：
翻译下列句子：
1.她跑得多么快呀！
2.这花儿多美啊！
3.他多么想当老师！
4.多么好的天呀！
5.多么美的花呀
改正下面句子的错误
1. What disappointed Jenny was!
2. How a clever boy he is!
3. What hard he works!
4. What well she dances!
5. How good news it is!
二、祈使句
但口语可以说：Let’s don’t tell him the news.
（四）祈使句与please连用
为了是说话语气更委婉，我们通常在祈使句的句首或句末加上please。如加在句末要在please前面加上逗号。如果是否定祈使句，我们通常将please放在don’t之前。
如：Step this way, please. 请这边走。
Please don’t get angry. 请不要生气。
（五）祈使句表强调
为了加强语气，我们通常在祈使句的动词原型前加助动词do，意思为“一定，务必” 等。有的时候，副词never, always也可以用于祈使句句首，表示强调。如例句：
Do be careful. 务必要小心。
Do have some tea. 一定再喝点茶。
Never do that again. 再不要这么做了。
（六）祈使句的省略
一般来说，祈使句总是以动词原型开头，但是在特殊情况下，我们可以用一个词或短语来表示祈使句的意义，如：
A little more slowly, please. 请再慢一点。
（七）祈使句的反义疑问形式
祈使句的反义疑问形式主要有以下几种形式，同学们可以通过例句，认真体会。
（1）通常情况下，若陈述部分为祈使句，反义疑问句通常用will you，won’t you，would you等。如：
Turn on TV, will you? 把电视打开，好吗？
若陈述部分为否定式，则反义疑问句部分用will you。如：
Don’t forget to post the letter， will you？
（2）若陈述部分为以let开头的祈使句，就要分两种情况。
1)表示请求时，用will you. 如：let me do it for you，will you?
2)表示建议时,用shall we。
Let’s go swimming together, shall we?
同步练习：
翻译下列句子：
1.不要在街上玩。
2.别那么自信。
3.别迟到！
4.别担心，我很快会好的。
5.你不必费神亲自来。
6.咱们一起玩吧!
7.请不要河里游泳。
8.回答这个问题。
练习答案：
感叹句：
翻译下列句子：
1.How fast he runs!
2.How beautiful the flower is!
3.How he washes to be a teacher!
4.What a lovely day it is!
5.What pretty flowers they are!
改正下面句子的错误
1. How disappointed Jenny was!
2. What a clever boy he is!
3. How hard he works!
4. How well she dances!
5. What good news it is!
祈使句
1.Don’t play in the street.
2.Don’t be so sure.
3.Don’t be late！
4.Don’t worry; I’ll soon be all right.
5.Don’t trouble to come over yourself.
6.Let's play together!
7.Don't swim in the river.
8.Answer this question.
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．“持之以恒，方得始。”坚持是一种可贵的品格。生活中想要做成任何一件事情，都需要持之以恒的精神。
某英文网站正在开展以“坚持”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿。谈淡你在初中生活中坚持的一件事（爱好，习惯……），你是怎样做的，以及你的感受。
提示词语：keep, practice, difficult, give up, proud
提示问题：1. What did you do?
2. How do you feel?
It s important for us to keep trying to achieve our goals.
【答案】It's important for us to keep trying to achieve our goals.I love running and I have kept running for three years.
When I was in Grade 7，I was not good at sports and running was always my headache.I often
failed in my running test.In order to catch up with my classmates，I began to practice running every day after school.Sometimes，I was so tired that I really wanted to give up.But I kept telling myself that I could make it.No matter what kind of difficulties I faced，I tried my best to keep running.Now I do much better in running and I'm very proud of myself.I feel more confident and I'm ready for any challenges in the future.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇是材料作文，根据所给提示写一篇自己在初中生活中坚持做的事；文中写明自己是怎么做的并谈谈自己的感受。
【详解】
1.本篇要求根据所给材料，用第一人称写初中生活中自己坚持做的一件事，根据提示，描写“What did you do?用一般过去时，描写How do you feel?用一般现在时。书写时要紧扣主题，文句通顺。
2.本例文开篇立即点明自己的坚持做的事是“跑步”，正文部分详细地描写了自己起初跑步总是不及格，通过克服困难、不懈地努力，坚持跑步，到现在比以前会跑；结尾谈了这件事对自己的影响；文章结构清晰，前后呼应。
3.本例文出彩之处在于用了很多的短语和重点句型。比如：固定搭配、固定句型It's +adj+ for us +to do sth、love doing sth、keep doing 、be good at、 catch up with、be proud of；不定式in order to；try my best to；状语从句so…that …；比较级do much better in …、feel more confident等；短语多彩、文句表达多样。
3．假设你是Beth,前段时间曾向英语校刊投送一篇题为My English Teacher Miss Zhang的短诗。近日，又至毕业季，师生们忙着互致临别赠言。为此，编辑部策划开“A Letter to My Teacher”专栏，邀请你以信件的形式重新投稿。短诗如下：
My English Teacher Miss Zhang
There is a teacher, Miss Zhang,
Who is friendly, patient and helpful.
Always encouraging us to try,
She leads us to a world of "why".
We all respect and admire her.
注意事项：
1.稿件内容须根据短诗展开合理想象，不得抄写短诗原文：
2.要求语句通顺、意思连贯、符合情境。
3.词数在70个左右，稿件的首尾已在答题卡上给出，不计入总词数：
4.稿件必须写在答题卡指定的位置上。
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_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________
【答案】Dear Editorial Office,
I am writing to recommend as The Most Popular Teacher．She is Miss Zhang.
She is my English teacher． She is in her forties． Her small round glasses make her look smart． She often works to high standards and is willing to work extra hours． She is kind and helpful， too． She always helps us with our study． She loves jogging， so she looks healthy． To my surprise， she has donated blood many times since 2001． She has also decided to donate her body for medical research after her death． I really love her and I want to be a teacher like her in the future． I think Miss Zhang is the most suitable person to be the Most Popular Teacher．
I hope that you agree with me．
Yours sincerely，
Beth,【解析】
【详解】
本文是一篇给材料作文。根据编辑部策划开“A Letter to My Teacher”专栏，邀请你以信件的形式重新投稿。文章时态用一般现在时，人称主要为第一人称。本文所给材料比较详细，考生要做的就是用正确的英语把这些内容表达出来。动笔前要认真阅读材料，不可遗漏要点，并可适当发挥。在写作时，注意紧扣主题，连句成篇，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。
【点睛】
点睛：首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；最后，要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。
4．“inspire” 一词的汉语解释是“激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感；或启发思考”等。请以“The perso n who inspired me”为题写一篇不少于 80 词的短文，向校报的英语园地投稿。
要点： 1. What kind of person is he/ she？
2. How did he/ she inspire you？
要求： 1. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。
2. 语言流畅，字迹清楚。
【答案】The person who inspired me
Many people around gave me deep impressions. They helped me, encouraged me and inspired me. But the person who inspired me most, I think, is my friend Wang Peng.
Wang Peng is a small thin boy with two big black eyes. He doesn't talk too much, but always keeps a smile on his face. He is warm-hearted and ready to help others. If I need any help for my math exercises, he is always the one that can help me out. As a good student, he studies very hard. In the early morning, you can see him stand near a tree and read English intensively. Few students can arrive at school as early as he is. He also does well in many sports, such as badminton and ping-pang. He got the first prize in last year's ping-pang competition.
You can see the good personality and the spirit of persistence in this small body. He is my idol and I wish I could be a student as good as he is.
【解析】
【详解】
这篇作文要求我们以The person who inspired me为题，介绍一个曾经激励过你的人。题目中用问题的形式给予了提示，审题可知，短文应包括两个部分的内容：首先介绍这个激励过你的人是谁，他是怎样的一个人；然后介绍他是如何激励你的。学生们可以这两个问题为提纲，发挥想象力，充实细节信息，组织语言，连贯成文。短文应以一般现在时和一般过去时为主来叙述，人称是第三人称和第一人称，注意谓语动词形式的变化。写作时应注意：首先要符合题目要求，包括题目中要求的所有信息，不能遗漏要点，可以适当发挥，注意上下文的衔接。其次应注意英语表达习惯和汉语的不同，不要按照汉语思维逐词翻译。应该从句子的整体结构入手，写完整的句子。可以简单句结构为主，辅以并列句、复合句。为提升文章档次，应使用高级词汇以及复杂结构。同时语句之间使用恰当的连接成分使文意连贯、自然。
【点睛】
这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，介绍了一个曾经激励过自己的人。短文有以下几个优点：首先文章内容完整，层次清晰，短文分三段，第一段先介绍了这个人是谁，第二段描写了这个人身上的品质以及对自己的应选；最后一段结尾。各部分内容安排合理，主次分明。其次短文中使用了正确的人称和时态，文章以第三人称和第一人称为主来叙述，主要使用了一般现在时和一般过去时，动词形式变化准确，注意了第三人称单数形式以及过去式形式的变化，语法规范。用词准确，语言得体，句式结构完整，符合英语的表达习惯。短文中使用了一些较好的句型和短语，如But the person who inspired me most, I think, is my friend Wang Peng.、Wang Peng is a small thin boy with two big black eyes.、He doesn't talk too much, but always keeps a smile on his face.、If I need any help for my math exercises, he is always the one that can help me out.、He also does well in many sports, such as badminton and ping-pang.、He is my idol and I wish I could be a student as good as he is.等等。
5．书面表达
根据要求完成短文写作，请将作文写在答题卡指定的位置上。
生活中常常会发生一些意外的事，但每个人处理事情的方式不同。有些人冷静温和地处
理，有些人简单粗暴地对待。当你与人发生冲突时，你会如何处理呢？请你写一篇英语短文，谈谈你的经历与看法。内容包括：
1. 请你简单叙述一次与别人发生冲突的经历；
2. 你认为该如何正确处理日常生活中发生的冲突（至少两点建议）；
3. 呼吁大家友好相处。
作文要求：
1. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名。
2. 语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
Life is full of the unexpected, ___________________________________________
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【答案】Life is full of the unexpected. During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, a schoolmate and I hit into each other, trying to catch the ball. Then we started shouting, and it turned into a terrible quarrel. To be honest, it was neither my fault nor the schoolmate’s, only because we both cared too much about winning and losing. That made me feel shameful.
In our daily lives, we should deal with these quarrels properly. Firstly, try to be friendly to each other. Secondly, we should communicate more an d put ourselves in other’s place. Don’t be a selfish person and try to deal with everything calmly and wisely.
It’s very important to get on well with each other. Let’s build a friendly, peaceful and safe society together and make our life better and better.
【解析】
【详解】
这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如full of，during the basketball game，each other，try to do，turn into，to be honest，neither…nor，care about，too much，deal with等。而固定句型It’s very important to get on well with each other.和Don’t be a selfish person and try to deal with everything calmly and wisely.的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。
【点睛】
书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。
6．现在智能手机（smartphone）越来越普及，很多中学生都有智能手机。请你根据下面的提示，写一篇不少于80词的英语短文，谈一谈你对智能手机的看法，可适当发挥。
提示：1、在生活中你用智能手机做什么？
2、智能手机对你的生活产生了怎样的影响？
3、你对中学生使用智能手机有什么看法？
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【答案】例文：The smartphone is becoming more and more popular nowadays .I also have a smartphone .I usually use it to send text messages, play games,watch videos, listen to music and learn English .It is very useful and convenient. In fact,the smartphone makes my life colorful. However ,every coin has two sides.Sometimes I spend too much time playing games on the smartphone and get bad results in exams.
So I think we students should use our smartphones proper ly and don’t use them too much .We should pay more attention to our studies.
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇给材料作文，要求根据内容提示，写一篇英语短文，谈一谈你对智能手机的看法。文章时态主要用一般现在时，人称主要用第一、第三人称。首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作。在写作时，注意连句成篇，保持文章的连贯性，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。
7．俗话说，国有国法，家有家规。家规是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分。我们的国家主席习近平多次强调良好家风家规的重要性。假如你是李华，请你根据以下表格内的要点提示，并结合你的家庭实际情况，给你的英国笔友Sam写一封信，向他介绍一下你的家规，并向他展示一个温情智慧的中国家庭。
要点提示：
写作要求:
1.文章须包括所给内容要求，可适当发挥，使行文流畅、通顺；
2.省略号部分请各用2-3句话作适当发挥；
3.词数90左右。文章的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sam,
Haven’t written to you for a long time! As you know, family rules are an impo rtant part of our Chinese traditional culture. Today I’m writing to tell you something about my family rules.
There are many rules that we have to follow.
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What abo ut you? Do you have any family rules? I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon!
Yours,
Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sam,
Haven’t written to you for a long time! As you know, family rules are an important part of you Chinese traditional culture. Today I’m writing to tell you something about my family rules.
There are many rules that we have to follow. First, you should respect the old and love the young. You are also supposed to be kind to other. Next, it’s a good habit to be honest and keep your words. What’s more, you should keep studying , go to bed and get up on time. You mustn’t stay up too late.
In my opinion, every family must keep rules and children shouldn’t develop bad habits, like telling lies and be rude to others. We should be strict with ourselves.
The f amily rules also make a great difference to me. I learn to think about others’ feelings and Chinese traditional culture.
What about you? Do you have any family rules? I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon! Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】
本文属于材料作文，向山姆介绍你的家规并向他展示一个温情的中国家庭。根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。
亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态、主谓一致，特别使用一些亮点词句，如be supposed to, be kind to, keep your words, what’s more, in one’s opinion, develop bad habits, be rude to, be strict with, make a difference to以及it is a good habit to be honest中it作形式主语。增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，用词准确，句子通顺，行文连贯。
【点睛】
写作时可以从以下几个方面做起：
认真审题。审好题是写好书面表达的关键。审题时要注意试题的要求，抓住要点，词数符合要求。
构思提纲。有了提纲，我们就可以根据提纲和主题确定相关的写作材料。通常书面表达给出的话题是开放的，而具体的内容要求学生自己发挥，因此选择恰当的素材也是使短文中心突出、明确的关键。
初写短文。一切都准备就绪，就可以动笔写作了，在写作的过程中我们要注意句子的准确性、连贯性以及简洁性。使用的词语、短语及句型尽量用自己有把握的词。同时还要注意使用恰当的连词，使句子衔接自然。
修改润色。修改润色是获取高分的必要步骤。这一步我们除了检查短文的各种错误外，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，格式是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。
8．为配合学校“诚信教育”活动，学校英语报开展了以“Try to be honest”为主题的征文活动。请你根据下面的内容提示，写一篇征文稿。
（1）列举你班同学存在的不诚实现象：抄作业，考试作弊，说谎话......;
（2）简述诚实的重要性，并用你的一次具体经历加以说明。
注意：（1）文中不得出现真实的人名和学校名称。
（2）词数100左右。
（3）短文首句仅供参考，不计入总数。
参考词汇：作弊cheat（v.）说谎tell a lie
Try to be honest
To be honest is one of the most treasured traditional values in China.____________________
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【答案】Try to be honest
To be honest is one of the most treasured traditional values in China. The children are taught to be honest when they are very young. At schools the students are also instructed to be honest. However, with the development of society, we often hear complaints about dishonesty. Reports with the theme of dishonesty often appear in the media. For example, some people try to get rich and live a comfortable life. But they do not work hard honestly, instead they cheat others. They sell something quite ordinary at a very high price. Some p eople’s delaying paying back the
loan can serve as another example. Some people, including some college students, get loan from the bank, and promise to pay within, say, 3 years. However, they don’t do that.
The dishonest people sometimes can get benefit from their behaviors. So some people assert that dishonesty can bring people benefit, while honesty only makes people suffer. Is that so? Definitely not. It is always true that honesty is the best policy. It pays to be honest. The cheater selling "the treasure" mentioned above will surely be disclosed and punished some day.
On the contrary, if he had been honest, neither the buyer nor he himself would have suffered. The people who do not return money in time will sooner or later become infamous, and will not get the money from others again. If he had acted differently, he would have earned respect and trust, meanwhile, the bank would not have suffered from loss.
【解析】这是一篇诚信征文，英语作文要注意人称和时态，注意提供的观点、材料，要注意句子的完整性，谓语动词的正确形式，句子之间的衔接和过渡。英语作文，要忠实于材料，不必扩展，注意用好连词，多用非谓语，慎用较难的句型，一定不能写错句。
9．阅读可以使人开阔视野，阅读可使人心旷神怡，不管是参加中国汉字听写大会，还是中国诗词大会，都需要有良好的阅读基础。下面请大家谈谈阅读的好处并在生活中养成良好的阅读习惯。
注意：作文字数，不低于60字.
参考词汇：increase our knowledge open up our eyes improve writing skills
learn the world affairs without going out make the life colorful
Reading is very important in the whole life for people. There are many benefits of reading
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____________________________________________________________________ Therefore, start reading, no matter how old you are and what you are doing. Then, you may find the great charm and benefits of reading.
【答案】Reading is very important in the whole life for people. There are many benefits of reading.
Firstly, reading increases our knowledge. It teaches us skills about getting a good job, cooking and so on. Secondly, reading is a good way to improve writing skills. Before you learn to write, you must know how others write. Thirdly, reading can open up our eyes and we can learn the world affairs without going out. we can know how things happened in the history and how to avoid bad things from happening. Finally, reading all kinds of books can make our life colorful.
Therefore, start reading, no matter how old you are and what you are doing. Then, you may find the great charm and benefits of reading
【解析】
此篇书面表达是根据提示介绍读书的好处及养成良好的阅读习惯。文章的时态以写作时为主。写作时注意firstly，secondly，thirdly，Finally的使用。开篇点题，分析读书的好处。最后发出呼吁让人们读书。