英国文学史复习大纲Time of English literature
Time of English literature
1.The old English古英语(or Anglo-saxon盎格鲁–撒克逊) period(449-1066)
2.The middle English period（1066-1485）
杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer-坎特伯雷故事集-the father of English literature
3.The English Renaissance文艺复兴时期文学(1485-1 660)-the rebirth of learning/letters
威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare
四大悲剧The four great tragedies
哈姆雷特Hamlet/奥赛罗Othello/李尔王king lear麦克白Macbeth
四大喜剧The four comedies
威尼斯商人The Merchant of venice/仲夏夜之梦A Mi dsummer Night's Dream/皆大欢喜As You Like It/第十二夜Twelfth night
The beginning of the English Renaissance英国文艺复兴的开始(1485-1558)
The Elizabethan Age伊丽莎白时代(二世）(1558-1 603)
The 17th Century(1603-1660)Two representatives of t he puritan清教徒writers:Milton&Bunyan
约翰·弥尔顿John Milton-失乐园Paradise Lost (Epic 长篇叙事诗、史诗）-justify the ways of god to man 英雄双韵体Heroic Couplet(1五音步抑扬格iambic pe ntameter 2押尾韵对偶句3韵尾为AA BB CC DD...不重复4风格简洁)
约翰·班扬John Bunyan-天路历程The Pilgrim's Progr ess
Who use pen to defend the English commonwealth联邦——
约翰·邓恩John Donne-跳蚤the flea-（the great met aphysical poet）玄学诗歌
安德鲁·马维尔Andrew Marvell-致羞涩的情人To hi s coy Mistress
罗伯特·赫里克Robert Herrick采摘含苞的玫瑰要起早-cavalier poets骑士诗歌
约翰·德莱顿John Dryden-论戏剧诗An essay of Dr amatic poesy-try to build unvirsal rules for the constr uction of drama
4.The Restoration复辟and the eighteenth century(o r the neoclassical period新古典主义时期)(1660-1798) 丹尼尔·笛福Daniel Defoe-鲁滨逊漂流记Robinson Crusoe现实主义
乔纳森·斯威夫特Jonathan Swift-格列佛游记gulliver's travels
The Augustan Age奥古斯都的时代(1770 -1745)
The Neoclassical Decline新古典主义的衰落(1745-1798)
5.The Age of Romanticism浪漫主义时期(1 798-1832)
Romanticism is a movement of the eighteen th and nineteenth century, which marked
the reaction in literature, philosophy, art, religio n, and politics from the neoclassicism and formal orthodoxy 正统观念of the preceding peri od.
Features of Romanticism
ngs
2) The Creation of a world of Imagination
3) The Return to Nature for Material
4) Sympathy with the Humble and Glorificatio
n of the Commonplace
5) Emphasis Upon the Expression of Individua l Genius
6) The Return to Milton and Elizabethans for Lit erary Models
7) The Interest in Old Stories and Medieval Rom ances
8) A Sense of Melancholy and Loneliness
9) The Rebellious Spirit
威廉·布莱克William Blake--he is care about the slavery about their inner spirtual liberty than their political and social liberty.
纯真之歌song of innocence/经验之歌song of experience/擦烟囱的少年the chimney sweep er /病玫瑰The Sick Rose/天堂和地狱的婚姻t he marriage of heaven dand hell
Two Schools of Romanticists
a.The Passive Romanticists消极浪漫主义These were Romantic writers who reflected t he thinking of classes ruined by the bourgeoi sie, and by way of protest against capitalist development turned to the feudal past, i.e. th e merry old England as their ideal, or frighte ned by the coming of industrialism. ( Cavali er Poets). They were represented bv William Words Worth. Coleridge, and Southey.
b.The Active Romanticists积极浪漫主义They were people who expressed the aspirati ons of the classes created by capitalism and held out an ideal, though a vague one, oi a future society free from oppression and explo
itation. These were vounaer and sometimes called act ive romanticists
represented bv Byron. Shelley, and Keats
威廉·华兹华斯William Wordsworth-诗乃自发溢出的强烈情感Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powe rful feelings.
抒情歌谣集Lyrical Ballads
咏水仙I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed --- and gazed --- but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
珀西·比希·雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley-
西风颂Ode to the West Wind
致云雀To a Skylark
奥兹曼迪斯Ozymandias
文学精神是政治和社会革命的诞生物Literary spirit as the accompaniment political and social revolution
浪漫主义是文学的革命形式Romanticism is the literar y form of the revolution
约翰·济慈John Keats-
夜莺颂Ode to a Nightingale
秋颂To Autumn
简·奥斯汀Jane Austen-outward(生活平静）-inward(故事跌宕起伏）
理智与情感Sense and Sensibility
傲慢与偏见Pride and Prejudice-It is a truth universall
y acknowledged that a single man in possession of a goo
d fortun
e must be in want o
f a wife. 凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的道理。爱玛Emma 德歌德法雨果俄普希金美朗费罗浪漫主义
6.The Victorian Age维多利亚时期(批判现实主义）(1832-1901)
Charles Dickens(查尔斯狄更斯）Charlotte Bro nte(夏洛特勃朗特）Emily Bronte(艾米
莉·勃朗特）Thomas Hardy(托马斯哈代）7.The Twentieth Century（现代主义）(1901 _ )
modernism is the main trend which involved a radical激进的and deliberate全面的break not only traditional forms pf art but with tr aditional aesthetic principles现代主义是20世纪文学的主流
萧伯纳George Bernard Shaw
弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙Virginia Woolf-
远航The Voyage Out
墙上的斑点The Mark on the Wall
达洛维夫人Mrs. Dalloway
到灯塔去To the Lighthouse
奥兰多Orlando: a Biography
一间自己的房间A Room of One's Own
詹姆斯·乔伊斯James Joyce
都柏林人Dubliners
一个青年艺术家的画像A Portrait of the Arti st as a Young Man
尤利西斯Ulysses
芬尼根守灵夜Finnegans Wake
戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯D·H·Lawrence-
恋父情节/伊利克特拉情结Ecectra complex
恋母情结/俄狄浦斯情结Oedipus complex
白孔雀The White Peacock
儿子与情人Sons and Lovers
虹The Rainbow
恋爱中的女人Women in love
查泰莱夫人的情人Lady Chatterley’s Lover
Special features:
1.character sketches人物刻画and exagg eration“Typical characters under typical circu mstances”
2.Broad humor and penetrating satire 广泛地幽默和精辟的讽刺“happy ending”
https://www.360docs.net/doc/4e1503533.html,plicated and fascinating plot复杂和引人入胜的情节
4.The power of exposure
Main works:
1838雾都孤儿Oliver Twist
1841老古玩店The Old Curiosity Shop
1848董贝父子Dombey and Son
1850大卫·科波菲尔David Copperfield
1853荒凉山庄Bleak House
1854艰难时世Hard Times
1857小杜丽Little Dorrit
1859双城记A Tale of Two Cities
1861远大前程Great Expectations
雾都孤儿
人物
奥利弗·崔斯特Oliver Twist故事主人公/费金Fagin小偷的主人/南希Nancy小偷（比尔·赛克斯的妻子，良心发现后由坏变好）
情节plot
以伦敦London 为背景，一个孤儿Orphan悲惨的身世及遭遇。Hero奥利弗在孤儿院长大，经历学徒Apprentice生涯，艰苦逃难，误入贼thief窝，又被迫与狠毒的凶徒为伍，最后在善良人的帮助下，查明身世story并获得了幸福。
主题theme
《济贫法poor law》允许穷人依赖接受公共援助，却要求他们进行必要的劳动。为了阻止穷人依赖公共援助，逼迫他们忍受难以想象的痛苦。《济贫法》没有提高穷人阶级的生活水平，却对最无助和无奈的下层阶级施以惩罚。The poor law did not improve the li ving standards of the poor, but punish the helpless l
ower class
感悟
1.仁爱思想goodness thought 对资产阶级bourgeoisie 存有一丝幻想
2.种族歧视Racial discrimination 费金Fagin犹太人Jew
Charlotte Bronte(夏洛特勃朗特）
1847简爱Jane Eyre
1849谢利Shirley
1853维莱特Villette
1857教师The Professor
简爱Jane Eyre
Mrs.Reed aunt
Mr. Rochester hero
情节plot
A frank and passionate love story between a governe ss and her master, a married man. The plot of the n ovel is constructed through five distinct stages of Jan e Eyre’s development from a rebellious girl into an i ndependent woman.
主题theme Bourgeois attitudes towards woman,to her pla ce in the society, to her role in love, marria ge and family are all challenged and put to criticism.
感悟
“Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plai n, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You thi nk wrong! ust as if both had passed through the g rave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal, as we ar e!”This dialogue, shocking and powerful,present s the sublime and loftiness of independent person ality. Jane Eyre calls for women’s independent self-esteem. no matter how sufferin g and unpleasant the life is, we cannot forget th e fullness of our soul and the profusion of our in ward world. Only in this way can we really gain l ove of freedom and belief.
Emily Bronte(艾米莉·勃朗特）
凯瑟琳·恩肖Catherine Earnshaw
埃德加·林顿Edgar Linton
凯茜Cathy Linton
伊莎贝拉·林顿Isabella Linton
林顿·希斯克利夫Linton Heathcliff
亨德利·恩肖Hindley Earnshaw
哈里顿·恩肖Hareton Earnshaw
The story of love in this novel is mordid bu t it mounts a powerful attact on the marriage system where social status weighs and inno cent love is prohibited by class prejudice,
主题theme
Nature and culture,outsider and insider,person al love and social prejudice,affection and rev enge.Their love is able to cross the boundary of life and death, but is unable to overcom e the gap between classes.
托马斯哈代Thomas Hardy
The main features of Hardy’s works
1.mankind is subjected to the rule of some hostile and mysterious fate, which brings mis fortune to human life.
2.attack on the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society and the capitalist invasion i nto the country and destruction of English pe aantry towards the end of the country.批判资本主义虚伪的道德，和其对农村的入侵，使农民阶级分崩离析，进入穷途末路。
3.Man was a part of nature, a guardian of nature and should always remain true to thei r closeness with nature.(naturelism自然主义）
4.His novels have for their setting the agricultural r egion of the southern countries of England.
5.In his writings, strong elements of naturalism as well as a tendency towards symbolism appeared.
1.性格与环境小说novels of characters and environm ent (威塞克斯wessex novels)
1872绿林荫下Under the Greenwood Tree
1874远离尘嚣Far from the Madding Crowd
1878还乡The Return of the Native
1886卡斯特桥市长The Mayor of Casterbridge
1891德伯家的苔丝Tess of the D'Urbervilles
1896无名的裘德Jude the obscure
2.浪漫与幻想小说novels of romances and fantasies 1873一双蓝眼睛A Pair of Blue Eyes
1880号兵长The trumpet-major
1882塔里的两个人Two on a Tower
1897 心爱的人The Well-Beloved
3.爱情与阴谋小说love and scheme fiction
机巧与实验小说novels of ingenuity
1876埃塞尔伯塔的婚姻The Hand of Ethelberta 1881 冷漠的人A Laodicean
1871铤而走险Desperate Remedies
德伯家的苔丝Tess of the D'Urbervilles
Tess d'Urbervilles (a peasant girl of the decayed arist ocratic stock)
Alec d'Urbervilles(a seducer,
Angle Clare(a son of parson,considered T as a pure and chaste woman
情节plot
1)Tess’s family drives her to seek help from the d’Urbervilles, where she is seduced and dishonored. 2) Tess’s child died and she left home again to be a milkmaid, where she met Angel and married him. 3) Angel discovered her earlier seduction by Alec and decides to leave her, going off to Brazil and not ans wering her letters, and bringing Tess to despair. 4) T ess decided to be with Alec, who claims to love her; Angel’s return from Brazil to discover Tess marriag
e to her former seducer, and his meeting with Tess;
5) Tess’s murder of Alec and short-lived escape with Angel before being apprehended and executed.
主题theme
Injustice of human existence,social classes and social status of women in Victorian England.It is an attac k on the hypocritical虚伪的morality of the society a nd the political status quo现状in England.
感悟
The reasons of Tess’s tragedy, tess’s personal charact eristics, social reasons, man made reasons.
The tragic fate of Tess and her family was not that of an individual family,but it was symbolic of the di sintegration瓦解of the English peasantry -a process
a process which had reached its final and tragic stage a t the end of 19th century
英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
《英国文学选读》课程简介
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英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment（名词解释） 19. Neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted V illage” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),
英国文学史复习资料
Beowulf English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England.Beowulf is the national epic of the English people. Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes.Its main stories are evidently folk legends of primative Northern tribes.The most striking feature of Beowulf is the use of alliteration（头韵）.In alliterative verse,certain accented word in a line begin with the same consonant sound,there are generally 4 accents in a line,three of which show alliteration.Other features are the use of metaphors and of understatements(掩饰). ―Ring-giver‖ is used for king, ―sea-wood‖for ship.Ironical humour is often regarded as a permanentcharacteristic of English. Chaucer (About 1340-1400.) His literature career can be divided into three periods:French Period (The Romaunt of the Rose) ,Italian Period,England period.Troilus and Criseyde is his longest complete poem(8000 lines) and his greatest artistic achievement.The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie,he affi rms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached by the church.As a forerunner of humanism,he praises man’s energy,intellect,quick wit and love of life.Chaucer’s language,called Middle English,is vivid and exact.Contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types,especially the rhymed couplet(双韵诗体)of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the heroic couplet)to English poetry,instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. Marlowe(1564-1593)
(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】
英国文学史_复习资料大二英语专业必考
一．作家作品连线 1.GeoffreyChaucer乔叟——TheCanterburyTales(坎特伯雷故事)，TheBookofTheDuchess（公爵夫人之书）、TheParliamentofFowls（百鸟会议）TheHouseofFame(声誉之堂)、TroilusandCriseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德） 2.WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet,RomeoandJuliet,Sonnet TheMerchantofVenice，HenryIV，TwelfthNight，KingLear，Macbeth Othello,Winter’sTale,TheTempest 3.FrancisBacon培根——OfMarriageandSingleLife（论婚姻和单身）,OfStudies,AdvancementofLearning,NewAtlantis,Essays 4.JohnDonne邓恩(Metaphysicalpoems玄学派诗人)——SongandSonnets（歌与十四行诗）TheGood-Morrow,BreakofDay,HolySonnets（圣十四行诗）,AttheRou ndEarth’sImaginedCorners,Below,Death,BenotProud,Eleg ies,OnHisMistress,ToHisMistressGoingtoBed 5.JohnMilton弥尔顿——ParadiseLost（失乐园）、ParadiseRegained（复乐园）SamsonAgonistes（力士参孙）,Lycidas(利西达斯），Areopagitica, 6.DanielDefoe笛福——TheLifeandstrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记）、CaptainSingleton(辛格顿船长)、MollFlanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯）AJournalofthePlagueYear（大疫年日记）、Roxana（罗克萨娜） 7.JonathanSwift斯威夫特——Gulliver’sTravels（格列佛游记）ATaleofaTub（一只桶的故事）,AModestProposal（一个温和的建议）,TheBattleoftheBooks,TheDrapier’sLetter,JournaltoStella
吴伟仁的英国文学史及选读
History and Anthology of English Literature Part One The Anglo-Saxon Period Beowulf Questions: 1.The earliest literature falls into two divisions ___________, and_______________. 2.Christianity brings England not only __________ and___________but also the wealth of a new language. 3.Who is Beowulf? And What is Beowulf? 4.How did Beowulf come into being? 5.Who is Grendel? And what is the result of Grendel?s fight with Beowulf? 6.How did the Jutes hold the funeral for him? Key points of this part: The most important work of old English literature is Beowulf------- the national epic of the English people. It is of Germanic heritage, perhaps the greatest Germanic epic and contains evidently pre-Christian elements existing at first in an oral tradition, the poem was passed from mouth to mouth for generations before it was written down. The manuscript preserved today was written in the Wessex tongue about 1000A.D., consisting altogether of 3183 lines. There are three episodes related to the career of Beowulf: 1.the fight with the monster, Grendel. 2.The fight with Grendel?s mother, a still more frightful she-monster. 3.The moral combat with the fire Dragon. The significance lies in the vivid portrayal of a great national hero, who is brave, courageous, selfless, and ever helpful to his people. There are three important features:: 1.Alliteration (words beginning with the same consonant sound). This is characteristic of all old English verse. 2.Metaphors and understatements. There are many compound words used in the poem to serve as indirect metaphors that are sometimes very picturesque. , e.g. “riging-giver”is used for King; “hearth-companions “for his attendant warriors; “Whale?s road” for the sea; “spear-fighter” for soldier etc. And as understatement we can see: “not troublesome”for welcome; “need not praise”for a right to condemn. This quality is often regarded as characteristic of the English people and their language. 3.Mixture of pagan and Christian elements: the observing of omen, cremation, blood-revenge, and the praise of worldly glory.
英国文学史复习大纲Time of English literature
Time of English literature 1.The old English古英语(or Anglo-saxon盎格鲁–撒克逊) period(449-1066) 2.The middle English period（1066-1485） 杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer-坎特伯雷故事集-the father of English literature 3.The English Renaissance文艺复兴时期文学(1485-1 660)-the rebirth of learning/letters 威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare 四大悲剧The four great tragedies 哈姆雷特Hamlet/奥赛罗Othello/李尔王king lear麦克白Macbeth 四大喜剧The four comedies 威尼斯商人The Merchant of venice/仲夏夜之梦A Mi dsummer Night's Dream/皆大欢喜As You Like It/第十二夜Twelfth night The beginning of the English Renaissance英国文艺复兴的开始(1485-1558) The Elizabethan Age伊丽莎白时代(二世）(1558-1 603) The 17th Century(1603-1660)Two representatives of t he puritan清教徒writers:Milton&Bunyan 约翰·弥尔顿John Milton-失乐园Paradise Lost (Epic 长篇叙事诗、史诗）-justify the ways of god to man 英雄双韵体Heroic Couplet(1五音步抑扬格iambic pe ntameter 2押尾韵对偶句3韵尾为AA BB CC DD...不重复4风格简洁) 约翰·班扬John Bunyan-天路历程The Pilgrim's Progr ess Who use pen to defend the English commonwealth联邦—— 约翰·邓恩John Donne-跳蚤the flea-（the great met aphysical poet）玄学诗歌 安德鲁·马维尔Andrew Marvell-致羞涩的情人To hi s coy Mistress 罗伯特·赫里克Robert Herrick采摘含苞的玫瑰要起早-cavalier poets骑士诗歌 约翰·德莱顿John Dryden-论戏剧诗An essay of Dr amatic poesy-try to build unvirsal rules for the constr uction of drama 4.The Restoration复辟and the eighteenth century(o r the neoclassical period新古典主义时期)(1660-1798) 丹尼尔·笛福Daniel Defoe-鲁滨逊漂流记Robinson Crusoe现实主义 乔纳森·斯威夫特Jonathan Swift-格列佛游记gulliver's travels The Augustan Age奥古斯都的时代(1770 -1745) The Neoclassical Decline新古典主义的衰落(1745-1798) 5.The Age of Romanticism浪漫主义时期(1 798-1832) Romanticism is a movement of the eighteen th and nineteenth century, which marked the reaction in literature, philosophy, art, religio n, and politics from the neoclassicism and formal orthodoxy 正统观念of the preceding peri od. Features of Romanticism ngs 2) The Creation of a world of Imagination 3) The Return to Nature for Material 4) Sympathy with the Humble and Glorificatio n of the Commonplace 5) Emphasis Upon the Expression of Individua l Genius 6) The Return to Milton and Elizabethans for Lit erary Models 7) The Interest in Old Stories and Medieval Rom ances 8) A Sense of Melancholy and Loneliness 9) The Rebellious Spirit 威廉·布莱克William Blake--he is care about the slavery about their inner spirtual liberty than their political and social liberty. 纯真之歌song of innocence/经验之歌song of experience/擦烟囱的少年the chimney sweep er /病玫瑰The Sick Rose/天堂和地狱的婚姻t he marriage of heaven dand hell Two Schools of Romanticists a.The Passive Romanticists消极浪漫主义These were Romantic writers who reflected t he thinking of classes ruined by the bourgeoi sie, and by way of protest against capitalist development turned to the feudal past, i.e. th e merry old England as their ideal, or frighte ned by the coming of industrialism. ( Cavali er Poets). They were represented bv William Words Worth. Coleridge, and Southey. b.The Active Romanticists积极浪漫主义They were people who expressed the aspirati ons of the classes created by capitalism and held out an ideal, though a vague one, oi a future society free from oppression and explo