完整word2012高考英语形容词副词考点透析与精炼

完整word2012高考英语形容词副词考点透析与精炼
完整word2012高考英语形容词副词考点透析与精炼

:形容词、副词考点透析与精炼高考语法总复习(28)2012

考试要求:

形容词和副词是高考考纲要求的重点词类,几乎每年每套试卷都有大量涉及。高考对形容词和副词的考点主要涉及如下方面:形容词和副词的比较等级用法;形容词后置的情况;-ly结尾的形容词辨别;定语形容词和表语形容词;词形一致的形容词和副词;形容词作定语及多个时的位置顺序;同根副词辨析。

知识总结:

形容词和副词的原级比较、比较级及最高级:

1. as+原级+ as(as+原级+a/an+单数可数名词+ as),其否定形式为:not as/so+原级+ as

2. 比较级+than+比较对象(less+原级+比较对象)

3. 比较级+and+比较对象或more and more +原级

4. the+比较级…,the+比较级…

5. the+比较级+of the two

6. the+最高级(+单数可数名词)+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词

7. be one of/among+ the+最高级+复数名词

8. the last+原级(+单数可数名词)+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词

用形容词表示甲是乙的几倍时,用下面三个句型,用副词表示则一般只用前两个句型。

1.……倍数+形容词 (或副词) 的比较级+than

This rope is twice longer than that one.

这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。(比那根绳长二倍)

This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.

这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。(是我们教室的六倍)

The car runs twice faster than that truck.

这辆小车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍。(是那辆卡车的三倍)

2. ……倍数+as+形容词或副词+as

Asia is tour times as large as Europe.

亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。

This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.

这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍。(这块石头比那块重二倍)

The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.

那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。(高出九倍)

3. ……倍数+the size(length,height…) + of

This street is four times the length of that street.

这条街是那条街的四倍长。

This hill is four times the height of that small one.

这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍)

也可用:The height of this hill is four times that of that small one.

要用名词表示“量”的倍数时,则用以下两个句型:

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专心爱心用心.

1.……+倍数+more+名词(可数,不可数)+than

There are four times more books in our library than in yours.

我们图书馆藏书(数量)是你们图书馆藏书的五倍。(我们图书馆藏书比你们的多四倍。) We have produced twice more grain this year than we did last year.

我们今年生产的粮食比去年增长两倍。(是去年的三倍)

2. ……倍数+as many(或much)+名词+其他+as…

After the technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many tractors in 1988

as the year before.

采用新的技术以后,那个工厂1988年生产的拖拉机数量是前一年(1987年)的两倍。

(比前一年增长一倍)

There is three times as much water in this pot as in that one.这个壶里的水(量)是那个壶里的三倍。

同级程度的比较,用as…as, the same as, such…as 引导:

Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is).

=Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is).

=Henry is such a good worker as Peter(is).

亨利和皮特一样是个好工人。

Henry does not have so/as many book as I have.

亨利的书没有我的那么多。

His name is the same as his father's(name).

他的名字和他爸爸的一样。

含有名词的as...as结构需要注意词序的问题:

句型a.as+adj.+a/an+名词单数+as=a+名词单数+as+adj.+as

He is as honest a man as you=he is a man as honest as you.

句型b.as many+名词复数+as

as much+(a/an)+名词+as

It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.句型c.倍数+as+adj.+名词+as

After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many tractors in 2010 as the year before.

as…as, (not) so…as 结构中的形容词、副词只能用原级,不能用比较级。

John plays football as well as,if not better than,David.

the+比较级…,the+比较级…,表示“越……,越……”。

The more tickets you sell,the more money you will get.

你卖的票越多,挣的钱越多。

The more you talked,the less attention he paid to you.

你说得越多,他越不注意听你讲。

The longer you stay,the better(it will be).

你呆的时间越长越好。

比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越……”。

2

专心爱心用心.

The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.

这个新城市变得越来越美丽了。

the+比较级+of the two+名词:

The taller of the two boys is my brother.

两个男孩中的那个高的是我的弟弟。

用介词by表示相差的程度。

She is taller than I by three inches.(=She is three inches taller than I.) 她比我高三英寸。

I missed the last train by one minute.

我差一分钟没赶上最后一趟火车。

一个人的两种性质的比较。用more…than…结构:

—Ann acts quite unfriendly.——安不是非常友好。

—I think she's more shy than unfriendly.——与其说她不友好,不如说她害羞。

否定+比较级=最高级

除了“the+最高级”外,最高级还有其它表达方式。如:否定词never与比较级连用。

How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.

There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。

He has never spent a mole worrying day.

他度过了最忧心忡忡的一天。

比较的对象不能相互包容。注意:

The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States.密西西比河比美国其他任何一条河都长。

比较等级的修饰语:

1. 修饰原级:fairly, quite, rather, so, very, too等。

2. 修饰比较级:much, even, far, rather, still, any, no(而不用very, quite, fairly,

greatly等),a bit, a little, a head, two meters, a great deal. a lot ,

by far等。

The students study even harder than before.

学生们比以前学习努力了。

A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.

汽车跑起来比自行车快许多。

3. 修饰最高级的有:序数词,by,far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,

nothing like。

The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上最长的桥。

I'd like to buy the second most expensive camera.

我想买便宜一点儿的照相机。

比较的对象应该相同。

3

专心爱心用心.

The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.

这里的气候比上海的暖和。

The radios made in our factory are better than those(made) in your factory.我们工厂生产的录音机比你们工厂生产的好。

The population Of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.(人口与人口相比,用代词that)

中国的人口比世界上其他任何一个国家的人口都多。

China has a larger population than any other country in the world.(国家和国家相比较)

中国的人口比世界上其他任何一个国家的人口都多。

The director gave me a better offer than ________.

A.that of Dick's B.Dick's

C.he gave Dick D.those of Dick

【解析】A、B、D都是Dick的条件或Dick提供的条件,只有C“他提供给Dick的条件”才能与前面的“他提供给我的条件”进行比较。

【答案】C

比较状语从句中助动词的使用。

Bob looks younger than I __________.

A.am B.do C.look D.did

两个比较对象应在同一层面上比较,前者是“看上去年龄小”,后者也应是“看上去……”,但从句中除助动词、情态动词和系动词be外,其他动词不能重复使用,须用动词do的适当形式代替。不同的人或物相比,时态应相同,故答案应选B项。但注意:

Bob looks younger than he does.

鲍勃看上去比实际年龄要年轻。

Bob looked younger than I did.(时态要一致)

鲍勃比我年轻。

I know you better than he does.

我比他更了解你。

注意:no+比较级+than的特殊含义及一些特殊结构。

A is no more careful than B.A和B两人都不仔细。

A is no less careful than B.A和B两人都很仔细。

A is not more careful than B.A不如B仔细o

A is.not less careful than B.A的仔细程度并不弱于B。

In no country other than Britain can one experience four seasons in the course

of a single day.

没有一个国家像大不列颠一样,一个人能在一天当中经历四季。

More than one student was given away a ticket to the all-star concert.不止一个学生得到全明星音乐会门票。

He ran rather than walked.so he fell to the ground.

他跑步而非走路,因此他摔倒了。

注意比较结构中的省略现象:

在日常交际中,彼此都明白的比较对象往往省略。如:

——What do you think of the film?

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专心爱心用心.

——I have never seen a better one.(后边省略了than this film)

——你认为这部影片怎么样?

——我从未看过比这个更好的电影。

Tom's composition,if not better(后边省略了than Jack's),

is at least fits good as Jack's.

汤姆的作文如果不比杰克好,至少也和杰克一样好。

The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper,but not as good.

(后边省略了as the ones in this shop)

其他商店里的钢琴比这家商店里要便宜,但不如这里的好。

这种省略现象给正确判断造成一定的障碍,在高考题中出现频率较高,应引起足够的重视。

多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序:

当两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多,则音节少的形容词在前,音节多的在后。如:a small wonderful gift.

常用的顺序为:限定词(these,those)+数量形容词(three)+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large,long,high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰名词(desk)。

为了方便记忆,不妨试试如下口诀:

限定描述大长高,形状年龄与新老;

颜色国籍出材料,用途类别往后靠。

记住以上规则是必要的,但还应多阅读,多体会,增强语感。如:

all these last few days 最近的这些日子

a light blue silk skirt 一件浅蓝色丝裙

the first/last two paragraphs 最前/最后两段

another three English books 另外3本英语书

some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花

all old brown woolen carpet 一件破旧的棕色羊毛毯

all expensive purple cotton dress 一件昂贵的紫色棉衣

a beautiful white Japanese military jeep 一辆漂亮的白色日本军用吉普车

the first beautiful little white Chinese wood bridge 第一座美丽的中国小白木桥

形容词后置的情况:

1. 修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等时:

There is something difficult in this book.

2. 形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语的时候:

This is a student worth of praise.

3. 用and或or连接两个形容词通常放在被修饰的名词之后,起强调修饰的作用:

They will turn their motherland into a country, beautiful and modern.

4. 形容词同表示数量的词组连用时亦放在后面:

The pipe is twelve feet long.

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专心爱心用心.

-ly结尾的形容词:结尾构成的词常作形容词。如:名词+ly

生动的,活泼的live生命,生活 lively

可爱的love热爱 lovely

友好的friend 朋友 friendly

同根副词辨析: closely 仔细地,密切地 close接近地

freely 自由地,无拘束地 free免费地

hardly几乎 hard 努力地

lately 近来 late 晚,迟

mostly 主要地 most 极,非常

广泛地 wide 广阔地 widely

高度地,非常地高 highly high

大声地(含有喧闹意思)loud 大声的 loudly

深,迟 deeply 抽象意义上的“深” deep

nearly 几乎 near 邻近

易错点点拨:+比较级”特指两人或两个事物中较为突出的一个。“ 1.thebetter the he would say John was , If the manager had to choose between the two .choice下superior(优越的),inferior(高级的2. senior(年长的,),junior(年幼的,初级的),

等的,低劣 )等词与to连用,表示比较级。的 He is three years senior to me.他比我大三岁。

注意下列结构中各个词的排列顺序: 3.

+形容词可数名词单数 what + a/an+ 不可数名词名词复数/ what+形容词+ + such

+a/an+形容词可数名词单数

名词复数+不可数名词/ such+形容词名词(名词前不能加冠词) no such+

等词many, much, few, little4. so many/so much/so few/so little+名词(其中的

都表“多少”之名词)。还可当“小”解释,这时用意,littlesuch little+

”的考查,意为“越……越好”或“再……be too...5. 固定句型“cannot/can never

也不过分”。willingglad, anxious, eager, 后接too...to...结构中的副词tooapt, ready, 当6.

等形容词时,该结构表达的即为肯定的含义。

She is too willing to marry him. 她很愿意嫁给他。

7. 当too...to...结构中的副词too前面有all, but, only, quite等修饰时,该结构表达的也为肯定的

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专心爱心用心.

含义。

我很高兴帮助您。 I am only too pleased to help you.

cessarily 10. actually 11. cultural 12. developing

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专心爱心用心.

2020年高考英语专题12 形容词和副词 解析版

2020年高考英语专题12 形容词和副词 【2020年】 1.(2020·新课标I卷)Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. 【答案】extremely 【解析】考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形式,故填extremely。 2.(2020·新课标I卷)Data ab out the moon’s composition, such as how69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 【答案】much 【解析】考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。 3.(2020·新课标I卷)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. 【答案】将simply改为simple 【解析】考查形容词。句意:今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知,此处应用形容词作定语,故将simply改为simple。 4.(2020·新课标II卷)Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. 【答案】Certainly 【解析】考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。 5.(2020·新课标II卷)The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 【答案】beautiful 【解析】考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。故填beautiful。 6.(2020·新课标II卷)I’m surely you’ll have a good time. 【答案】将surely改为sure 【解析】考查形容词。句意:我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子,此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。

高考英语形容词,副词知识点真题汇编及答案(1)

高考英语形容词,副词知识点真题汇编及答案(1) 一、选择题 1.Auto companies are taking a(n) ______ approach toward introducing electric cars until they better understand the market. A.casual B.enthusiastic C.considerate D.cautious 2.Whenever I have seven ________ days off, I do not know what to do with all the time I have. A.straight B.direct C.basic D.former 3.Since global climate change is obvious, the home use of ________ energy like clean wind and solar power systems is increasing. A.primary B.alternative C.instant D.urban 4.Nowadays, many people struggle to maintain the ______ balance between work and family. A.deliberate B.delicate C.desperate D.definite 5.To _______ its construction, the Potala Palace is _______ to a limited number of tourists every day. A.preserve; available B.reserve; available C.preserve; accessible D.reserve; accessible 6.He had one mistress to whom he was faithful to the day of his death:Music. Not for ________ moment did he ever give up what he believed, or what he loved. A.a single B.the slightest C.quite a D.the very 7.---Have you finished your experiment report, Peter? ---Oh, my God. I’ve fogotten all about it. A.possibly B.selflessly C.exactly D.entirely 8., few of us admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the studen ts’ academic development. A.Actually B.Frequently C.Especially D.Sincerely 9.There are ______ flowers and trees shown in the park and_______ people go to have a look. A.plenty of; much B.various; many C.varieties of; various of D.quite a few; quite a little 10.In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _______. A.special B.regional C.optional D.original 11.Having considering all the ______ evidence, the court found him not guilty. A.subjective B.steady C.severe D.solid 12.People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often ______ rather than based on fixed criteria. A.appropriate B.conscious C.arbitrary D.controversial 13.- Can those _______ at the back of the classroom hear me? - No problem. A.are sitting B.seating C.seated D.sat 14.It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ______journey. A.three-hour B.a three hour C.a three-hour D.three hours

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近五年高考必考的107个形容词和副词 1. immediate adj 立即的,立刻的,马上 2. clear adj 清楚的,清晰的 adj 小心翼翼的 adj 生动的,逼真的 adv ①确切地,精确地②恰好地,正好地③(用于答语)完全正确。(的确这样) adv 幸运地 adv 令人惊讶的 adv 几乎不 adv 代替,相反 10. properly adv 适当地;正确地;恰当地 11. specially adv 专门 adj 可靠的,可信赖的 adv 简单地;仅仅,只不过 adv 即,也就是 nearly = far from = nowhere near 远非,远远不,一点也不 adj 耐心的;n 病人 adj 简单的,朴素的 adj 熟悉的 adj 幸运的 adj 令人惊异的 adv ①偶然地;意外地②附带地 adj 沉默的 adj 平静的,冷静的 adj 秘密的 adv 否则 adv 期间,同时 adv 除…..以外还有 adj 高效的,有效的 29. flexible adj 灵活的 adj 复杂的 adj 平稳的,光滑的,顺利的 adv 定期的,有规律的 adj 敏感的,体贴的 adj 诚实的 adj 自信的 adj 害羞的,羞涩的 adj ①深思的,沉思的②富有思想的;经认真推敲的 and optimistic adj 无忧无虑而且非常乐观的 adj 然而 adj 私人的(private cars) adj 个人的(personal belongings) adj 唯一的,独一无二的;独特的 adj 赞同的,有利的

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