2020-2021全国备战高考英语阅读理解的综合备战高考真题汇总含答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

If you're a fan of smart technology, you may have had some sleepless nights lately. That's because Alexa, the artificial intelligence (AI) behind US company Amazon's Echo smart speakers, has been "letting out an unprompted (自发的),creepy (令人毛骨悚然的)cackle for no apparent reason, according to BBC News.

Many social media users shared their stories of Alexa scaring them with the seemingly unprompted laugh.

"Every time Alexa laughs, an angel dies," Tesla and SpaceX founder Elon Musk joked on social media.

On March 7, Amazon released an update that fixed the problem, saying that the laugh was caused by Echo devices mistakenly thinking that users had said the command " Alexa, laugh".

However, what should have been a funny story raised the ongoing topic of man versus machine. With the rise of artificial and robotic technology, "Digital machines started to demonstrate broad abilities in pattern recognition, complex communication, and other area that used to be particularly human," wrote Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee in their book The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. They believe that AI will "do more and more, and our lives will get better".

However, ever since the earliest days of AI there have been concerns that some day, software will take over the world, leaving the fate of humans unknown.

"With artificial intelligence we are order the demon (魔鬼)Musk told students during a meeting at MIT in 2014. "If I had to guess at what our biggest existential threat is, it's probably that. So we need to be very careful

Many scientists have shared the same concern. The late British physicist Stephen Hawking said at a technology conference in Portugal in November that "computers can. in theory, imitate human intelligence, and exceed it ??? AI could be the worst event in the history of our civilization."

If creators are to safely control AL however, Hawking suggested that they "employ best practice and effective management".

I am an optimist and I believe that we can create AI for the good of the world," he said at the conference. "We simply need to be aware of the dangers, identify them, employ the best possible practice and management, and prepare for its consequences well in advance."

（1）What does the underlined word "cackle" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A.movement

https://www.360docs.net/doc/58932969.html,ughter

C.scream

D.story

（2）The story of Alexa is intended to .

A.lead into the discussion about humans and AI

B.prove artificial intelligence has its weaknesses

https://www.360docs.net/doc/58932969.html,rm readers of the development of AI

D.show how Alexa's problem was fixed

（3）According to Brynjolfsson and McAfee, which statement below is probably TRUE?

A.The development of AI could threaten our survival one day.

B.Digital machines have complete ability to recognize something without mistakes.

C.Robots will never match humans in complex communication.

D.Humans lives will be greatly improved with the help of robots.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Man VS. Machine

B.Time to Control Rise of AI

C.Creepy AI

D.AI: The Biggest Threat

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了人们对人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点，提醒我们要提前做好充分准备。

（1）考查猜测词义。根据第二段中的"Many social media users shared their stories of Alexa scaring them with the seemingly unprompted laugh."可知很多社交媒体也分享了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情。此句中的"laugh"与文章第一段中的划线词"cackle"意义一样，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。前四段中介绍了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情，再根据第五段中的"However, what should have been a funny story raised the ongoing topic of man versus machine."这个故事引起了人与机器对抗的话题。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"They believe that AI will "do more and more, and our lives will get better"."可知Brynjolfsson和McAfee认为现在的人工智能机器展示出了多种能力，这些能力会让我们的生活变得更好。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了人们对于人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点。在最后一段中作者引用了霍金的话，告诉我们要意识到人工智能的危险，要做好充分的准备。B项符合文章中心思想。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

I spend half of my life with my mother and the other half with my father. My father lives with a twenty-pound cat named Tofu. He calls me his favorite daughter. I am an only child.

My father's apartment is quite different from any other person's living space. Except for my room, there is no furniture. He doesn't like sofas or any comfortable chairs, so he has only a

drawing table, a desk and his bed. He spends a lot of time lying on the studio floor. That's how he thinks, he says. Then he does yoga

He has a big kitchen, and on top of the refrigerator is an old clock he winds every week for good luck. The last time the clock stopped, my father's car was towed(被警察拖走) and some other terrible things happened, so he has become very superstitious (迷信的) . When he goes out of town, he hires someone to feed Tofu and wind the clock so it won't stop.

The one thing he has plenty of is house rules. You have to take off your shoes when you come in. He won't allow anyone who wears a baseball cap into his house. He says only baseball players should wear baseball caps and only the catchers should wear them backward. Every time I go to stay in his house, he makes up a new rule. "House rule number 579, no television programs with laugh tracks!" he will say. But then be can never remember the numbers, so they change constantly.

The rule that he always enforces is the one that requires me to write a two-page essay anytime I want something. He didn't speak English until he was sixteen, and he had a hard time learning to write it, so he wants me to become a good writer at an early age. This ritual(仪式)started when I asked him if I could have my ears pierced when I was nine. He said it was very cruel and told me I couldn't do it until I was thirty-five. But l kept asking him, and he finally said that if I wrote an essay and I could persuade him in writing why I wanted holes in my ears, maybe he would say okay. I wrote my first essay for my father, and after one month of writing and rewriting, he finally gave me his permission.

（1）What is unusual about the father's apartment?

A.It has a large kitchen.

B.The father does yoga at home.

C.It is scarcely furnished.

D.The father spends a lot of time on the floor.

（2）Which of the following is an example of the house rules?

A.Someone is hired to feed Tofu.

B.You can't wear shoes in the house.

C.Baseball players are not allowed into the apartment.

D.The writer can't watch television programs in the apartment.

（3）Which of these statements about the clock is TRUE?

A.It is not an automatic one.

B.Her father doesn't like the clock.

C.It can bring good luck to them.

D.Someone is hired to wind it every week.

（4）We can infer that the writer's father____.

A.was a famous writer

B.was born in the United States

C.was a caring and strict father

D.speaks more than one language

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了自己父亲的生活以及处事原则。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“My father's apartment is quite different from any other person's living space. Except for my room, there is no furniture.”我父亲的公寓和其他人的生活空间大不相同。除了我的房间，没有家具。可知，我父亲公寓的不同寻常之处在于房间里几乎没有家具，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的'You have to take off your shoes when you come in."你进来时必须把鞋脱掉。可知“不能在家里穿鞋”是房屋规则之一，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“When he goes out of town, he hires someone to feed Tofu and wind the clock so it won't stop.”当他出城的时候，他雇人喂Tofu，给钟上弦，这样钟就不会停了。可知选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“He didn't speak English until he was sixteen, and he had a hard time learning to write it, so he wants me to become a good writer at an early age.”他直到16岁才会说英语，而且他很难学会写英语，所以他希望我在很小的时候就成为一名优秀的作家。可推断出，作者的父亲会说不止一种语言，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Harvard Pre-College Program

to pave the way for a successful college experience.

HERE YOU CAN:

Learn without limits

Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics, law, writing, philosophy, and a dozen other subjects.

Live at Harvard

You will live in a historic undergraduate house near Harvard Square.

Your plan covers three meals a day, seven days a week.

Have fun outside the classroom

You might enjoy a Cirque du Sileil performance, a Red Sox game at Fenway Park, or a trip to the Museum of Science.

ELIGIBILITY (申请资格)

Students are academically motivated and will graduate in 2020 or 2021.

TO APPLY

Complete an online application and provide the following materials: the $50 nonrefundable application fee; transcripts (成绩单) with fall 2018 grades; signed rules and regulations.

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

Participants should apply for the B-2 tourist visa. If English is not your native language, submit scores from the TOEFLor IELTS language proficiency exam.

APPLICATION TIPS

No fee is required to start your application. You will be asked to pay the application fee only upon submitting the application.

The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.

Use a desktop or laptop. You will be asked to write short essays as part of your application. This may be challenging to do on a mobile phone.

You will receive an email informing you of the application status approximately three weeks after you have completed your application.

（1）Harvard organizes such a program to ______.

A. reduce students' academic pressure

B. select good students to join in Harvard

C. make students obtain high grades in their study

D. help students prepare for their future college life

（2）What can we learn about the program?

A. Students are offered three meals except weekends.

B. It merely has two sessions during one summer.

C. It provides courses on various subjects for students.

D. Students can live in a hotel near Harvard.

（3）If you are a native student who wants to apply for the program, you need to provide ______.

A. a B-2 tourist visa

B. transcripts with your fall 2018 grades

C. scores from the TOEFL exam

D. a recommendation letter from your high school teacher （4）The applicants can learn from the application tips that ______.

A. their TOEFL or IELTS scores should meet the requirements

B. the application fee should be paid before they start applying

C. it is convenient to use any electronic products to apply

D. they can check the application status in a week

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了哈佛大学帮助学生为大学生活做准备而开设的一个暑期项目的情况。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段”Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful college experience.“我们的高中生暑期项目是为成功的大学生

活铺平道路的。）可知哈佛大学组织了这样一个项目来帮助学生为他们未来的大学生活做准备。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Learn without limits部分中的”Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics, law, writing, philosophy, and a dozen other subjects.“在物理、法律、写作、哲学和其他十几个学科上追求你的兴趣。可知项目为学生提供不同学科的课程。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据TO APPLY部分中的”Complete an online application and provide the following materials: the $50 nonrefundable application fee; transcripts (成绩单) with fall 2018 grades; signed rules and regulations.“完成网上申请，并提供以下材料:50美元的不可退还的申请费;2018年秋季成绩单;签署规章制度。可知如果你是本地学生，想要申请这个项目，你需要提供2018年秋季的成绩单。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据APPLICATION TIPS部分中”* The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.“成功申请者的托福成绩一般在103分以上，写作部分25分，雅思至少7.5分，写作部分7分。可知申请者可以从APPLICATION TIPS中了解到他们的托福或雅思成绩应该达到的分数要求。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Imagine a school where self-awareness is celebrated, students are encouraged to solve maths problems by writing on the walls and applying learned lessons to real life is more important than homework. These are a few of the concepts that makes Space of Mind School unique.

Located in a home built in 1896 in Florida, US, the program serves students in grades 2 through 12 and will accept kindergarten students next year. It also offers an after-school program for students who attend traditional schools, as well as evening programs for adults and educators and weekend events for families.

There is a different atmosphere from that of a traditional school building. Tables and brightly colored walls are white boards. In the science room, students are studying climate changes at a weather station, while in the music room, a student is solving an equation (等式) with his academic coach while he connects music theory and maths.

The daily schedule at the school also stands out. "We don't assign boring or exhausting homework." said Space of Mind founder and CEO Ali Kaufman. "Instead of homework, we ask that they go home and take a video of themselves applying a lesson they learned or cooking a meal for their family that they learned how to make at school."

For lunch, instead of traditional cafeteria dishes such as pizza, the school offers organic meals made out of products from local gardens and farms. "Our students also run a business at the Delray Beach Green Market on Saturdays so they can understand sustainable living practices and how to run a business," Kafman said.

" We are also the first school program in Florida to start and end each day with 15 minutes of

meditation (冥想)," Kaufman said. "The positive results we have been seeing in the students from meditation are amazing. We are really about infusing social, emotional and creative skills with academic and life skills."

（1）Space of Mind School_________.

A. assigns no homework.

B. urges students to use what they learn.

C. teaches students to earn money in class.

D. focuses on knowledge learning.

（2）What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. Yoga enjoys great popularity in US.

B. The practice of meditation is amazing.

C. The meditation session lasts 15 minutes daily.

D. The students benefit from meditation.（3）The underlined word "infusing" in the last paragraph probably means______.

A. emphasizing

B. checking

C. developing

D. helping

（4）What is the text mainly about?

A. What makes Space of Mind School outstanding.

B. Why Space of Mind School is popular in US.

C. How the after-class programs of space of Mind School are organized.

D. How Space of Mind School cultivates students' life skills.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Space of Mind School一些独特的理念和做法。这些使得Space of Mind School与众不同。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段"Imagine a school where self-awareness is celebrated, students are encouraged to solve maths problems by writing on the walls and applying learned lessons to real life is more important than homework. These are a few of the concepts that makes Space of Mind School unique."可知，Space of Mind School推崇自我意识，学生们被鼓励通过在墙上写字来解决数学问题，并将学到的知识应用到实际生活中。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"The positive results we have been seeing in the students from meditation are amazing."可知，我们从学生的冥想中看到的积极结果是惊人的。由此可知，冥想是有好处的。故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的 "The positive results we have been seeing in the students from meditation are amazing."可知，冥想对学生有积极的影响。再结合划线词后的skills可知，冥想可以"培养"学生的社交、情感和创新技能以及他们的学术和生活技能。故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段介绍了一些使得Space of Mind School独一无二的理念。第二段是对Space of Mind School的简介。第三段介绍的是Space of Mind School与众不同的氛围。第四段介绍的是它独特的日程安排。第五段介绍的是其独特的午餐。最后一段介绍了其首创的冥想活动。这些都使得Space of Mind School与众不同，独一无二。综上，文章主要介绍了使得Space of Mind School突出的因素。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一

篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

At one time or another in your life you have probably done origami, even if it was just making a paper airplane or something more complicated like a paper crane. The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.

But did you ever stop to think how the same techniques might be applied to engineering? Equipment that could be of real practical use? Origami meets the demand for things that need to be small when transported and large when they arrive, like the everyday umbrella. In fact, origami-inspired creations have already flown in space; in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.

'It's now mathematically proven that you can pretty much fold anything," says physicist Robert J. Lang, who quit his engineering job eight years ago to fold things full time. Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard. He is currently working on a space telescope lens that, if all goes according to plan, should be able to unfold to the size of a football field.

At the other end of the scale, researchers are also working on tiny folding devices that could lead to breakthroughs in medicine and computing. There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory.

Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine. "Some day," says MIT's Erik Demaine, "we'll build reconfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers. Too much like science fiction to be true? Maybe—though you certainly wouldn't want to bet against it."

（1）What do we know about origami?

A. It consumes lots of time.

B. It involves interesting ideas.

C. It requires complex techniques.

D. It has to do with cutting and pasting.

（2）Which of the following is an application of origami?

A. A space telescope lens can be folded to the size of an umbrella.

B. A satellite is equipped with solar panels and a folded map.

C. An airbag can be better folded into a dashboard of a car.

D. A future computer contains many huge folded motors.

（3）What is Erik Demaine's attitude towards origami engineering?

A. Hopeful

B. Doubtful.

C. Disapproving.

D. Ambiguous.

（4）In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A. Entertainment.

B. Culture.

C. Education.

D. Pop-science.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，折纸是一种具有创造性的传统艺术，而现在它已经被应用到技术工程领域，人们利用折纸原理创造出了很多可折叠的装置。折纸工程将在很大程度上影响未来的医药、计算机和机器人行业。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.”可知，折纸是一个具有创造性的传统艺术，我们不用裁剪或拼贴，只通过折叠就可以把一张正方形或者三角形的纸变成动物、纸盒、花、船等东西，由此推测折纸需要有创造性的和有趣的想法。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Lang, an origam i enthusiast since age six, advised a well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”可知折纸爱好者Lang向一位制造商建议了把安全气囊折叠到仪表盘中的最佳方式。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine”可知Erik Demaine认为折纸工程的应用远远超出了我们的想象，由此可推测Erik Demaine对折纸工程的未来充满希望。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.”；第三段中的“Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”；第四段中的“There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory. ”和第五段中的“‘Some day,’ says MIT's Erik Demaine, ‘w e'll build reconfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers.’”可知卫星，安全气囊的折叠，未来电脑的发展和未来可重构机器人，这些都和科学技术相关，故推测本文很有可能出现在报纸的科学板块。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Your teenage best friend could be good for your long-term mental health, according to a new study published in the journal Child Development According to the findings, teenagers aged 15 to 16 who had a close friendship rather than a larger group of friends they were less close to had a greater sense of self-worth by the time they were 25 years old. Those people with a very close best friend were also less likely to experience depression and social anxiety, the study found. "Close friendship strength in mid-adolescence predicted relative increases in self-worth and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms by early adulthood, "the authors, led by Rachel K, Narr, a postdoctoral student focused on clinical psychology at the University of Virginia, wrote.

A past research has suggested that adolescent friendships are important. Friendships during the teenage years predict academic success and improved mental health. But the new research further explores the type of friendships teenagers have. "My hunch(预感)was that close

friendships compared to broader friendship groups and popularity may not function the same way," Narr told Quartz. "Being successful in one is not the same as being successful in the other." Many study participants did not continue to have a close relationship with their high-school best friend, leading the researchers to wonder what exactly was responsible for the mental health benefits. They suspected that the skills and ability to build such a friendship may be more important than the friendship itself.

And as the researchers point out, those skills are not necessarily brought to bear in the world of social media. "As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of shallow friends, focusing time and attention on developing close connections with a few individuals should be a priority," study co-author Joseph Allen said in a statement.

（1）What is the benefit of having a close teenage friendship?

A. Excellent performance in high school.

B. A larger group of friends.

C. Mental health by early adulthood.

D. A large social network in the future.

（2）What can we learn about the past research?

A. It attached great significance to adolescent friendships.

B. It was totally different from the new research.

C. It helped improve teenagers' mental health.

D. It compared broader friendship groups with popularity.

（3）What did the researchers think might lead to the mental health benefits?

A. Not continuing to have a close relationship.

B. Having a best friend in high school.

C. Understanding the world of social media.

D. Knowing how to build a close friendship （4）What did the researcher Joseph suggest?

A. Learning to use social media.

B. Broadening your social circle.

C. Improving the skills of making friends.

D. Concentrating on high-quality relationship.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现，那些有非常亲密的好朋友的人也不太可能经历抑郁和社交焦虑。与过去的研究认为友谊很重要相比，这项新研究进一步探索了青少年之间的友谊类型。研究人员发现知道如何建立亲密的友谊可能比友谊本身更重要。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Your teenage best friend could be good for your long-term mental health，according to a new study published in the journal Child Development.“根据发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究，你十几岁时最好的朋友可能对你的长期心理健康有好处。可知，青少年亲密的友谊对精神健康有益。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”A past research has suggested that adolescent friendships are important.“过去的一项研究表明，青少年间的友谊很重要，可知，过去的研究非常重视青少年间的友谊。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的”They suspected that the skills and ability to build such a friendship may be more important than the friendship itself.“他们怀疑建立这种友谊的技

巧和能力可能比友谊本身更重要，可知，研究人员认为知道如何建立亲密的友谊会带来心理健康益处。故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"‘As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of shallow friends, focusing time and attention on developing close connections with a few individuals should be a priority,’study co-author Joseph Allen said in a statement.”研究报告的撰写者之一Joseph Allen在一份声明中说:“随着科技的发展，建立浅层次朋友的社交网络变得越来越容易，因此，把时间和精力集中在与少数人建立密切联系上应该是优先考虑的事情。”可知，研究人员Joseph Allen建议把时间和精力集中在于一些人发展亲密关系是应该是重中之重，即发展高质量的友谊。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

A university in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, has installed facial recognition systems in classrooms to monitor students' behavior, sparking a heated debate online. China Pharmaceutical University recently installed the systems in two pilot classrooms as well as school gates, dormitory entrances, the library and laboratory buildings.

Xu Jianzhen, director of the university's library and information center, told https://www.360docs.net/doc/58932969.html, that the systems will help teachers check student attendance and monitor behavior during the lectures. "In the past, some students just checked their attendance and ditched the class or asked other students to check the attendance for them. Now with facial recognition, that would no longer be a problem," he said. "The moment you enter the classroom, the camera will monitor you all the way through and can tell how long you lower your head, whether you're playing with a smart phone, whether you're dozing off or reading other books," he added.

The news has raised wide debate on Chinese social media, with many questioning if the cameras will violate students' privacy. A Sina Weibo user said: "I oppose such methods, and it is not clear whether the systems are developed by the school itself or by third parties. If it is the latter, is there any regulation of security? Where will the information be sent and stored?"

Gan Xiangsi, a senior student from the university, said she welcomed the systems being applied in dormitories and libraries as this can help prevent personal belongings being stolen，but it is not necessary to use such technology in the classroom. "If the teacher teaches well，the students will be interested," she said. "On the contrary, this kind of monitoring will make everyone feel resistant."

China Pharmaceutical University is not the first university to use facial recognition technology on campus. Many universities across the country have installed cameras at campus entrances to ensure safety. But many are also hesitant when it comes to applying such technology in classrooms.

"This issue has been debated for quite a long time," Chu Zhaohui, a senior researcher at the National Institute of Education Sciences, told China National Radio. According to Chu, teachers and students who are under observation might not behave as they normally would since they know they are being watched. "Cameras should not be installed in classrooms merely for

effective teaching purposes," Chu said, as teachers are also being observed. He agreed that "students' privacy needs to be protected". He also said that not putting classrooms under control is an important principle. "If you don't follow this principle, students will falsify and disguise their state of listening，and teachers may also not perform as well. Then real teaching will not occur," he added.

（1）Which of the following is NOT the function of facial recognition systems?

A.To help check student attendance.

B.To help monitor student behavior.

C.To help ensure student safety.

D.To help protect student privacy

（2）What does the underlined word "ditch" in paragraph 2 mean?

A.abandon

B.attend

C.dislike

D.enjoy

（3）What's Chu Zhaohui's attitude towards installing cameras in classrooms?

A.favorable

B.indifferent

C.unfavorable

D.neutral

（4）What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage?

A.To introduce the function of facial recognition systems.

B.To express his preference for facial recognition systems.

C.To express his strong dislike for facial recognition systems.

D.To introduce people's different attitudes to facial recognition systems.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了江苏省南京市的一所大学在教室里安装了面部识别系统来监控学生的行为，这在网上引起了激烈的争论。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Xu Jianzhen，director of the university's library and information center, told https://www.360docs.net/doc/58932969.html, that the systems will help teachers check student attendance and monitor behavior during the lectures.”该校图书馆信息中心主任徐建振告诉https://www.360docs.net/doc/58932969.html,，该系统将帮助教师检查学生出勤情况，并监控学生在课堂上的行为）排除A 和B；根据倒数第二段中的“Many universities across the country have installed cameras at campus entrances to ensure safety.”全国许多大学都在校园入口处安装了摄像头，以确保安全排除C。D选项“帮助保护学生的隐私”不是面部识别系统的功能，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“or asked other students to check the attendance for them.”或者让其他学生帮他们签到。可知上文意思是过去，一些学生只是签到，然后逃

课。"ditch"的意思是放弃，抛弃，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"‘ameras should not be installed in classrooms merely for effective teaching purposes,’ Chu said, as teachers are also being observed.“不应该仅仅为了有效的教学而在教室里安装摄像头，”朱说，因为老师们也在被观察。）由此推断出，朱朝晖对在教室里安装摄像头持不赞成的态度，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A university in Nanjing, Jiangsu province，has installed facial recognition systems in classrooms to monitor students' behavior, sparking a heated debate online.”江苏省南京市的一所大学在教室里安装了面部识别系统来监控学生的行为，这在网上引起了激烈的争论。可推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍人们对人脸识别系统的不同态度，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

A famous Anglican Church stands in a quiet corner of Dunedin in New Zealand's South Island. Built in 1865, it is the city's oldest church still in use. Countless couples have gathered here to marry. It's where morning tears are shared, friendships formed and comfort given during times of loss.

As with many churches, its walls are graced with a collection of beautiful stained-glass windows. Known as the "John Allen window", one window portrays the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.

John was the son of Sir James Allen, who as Minister of Defense, helped plan and administer New Zealand's World War I strategy, which saw 100,000 troops sent to fight. With the war over and his son dead, Sir James chose to install a window in the church, with which the Allen family had strong ties.

Divided into two parts, one depicts (描绘) St. George, the patron saint (守护神) of soldiers, while the other has an angel of peace, along with the words at the bottom, "John Hugh All Gallipoli, 6th June, 1915". Two trees with local birds on the branches can be seen and a kiwi walks at the bottom- reminders that John was a lover of birds.

"There are many war memorials in the church," says the church. "However the 'John Allen window' stands out; it touches people because of the beautiful design, the New Zealand birds and because John's story, of a life so full of promise ending tragically in the war, reflects the lives and stories of so many others involved in World War I."

（1）What does the word "portrays" in paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A. Starts.

B. Changes.

C. Treasures.

D. Represents.（2）Sir James Allen built the "John Allen window" to ______________.

A.celebrate the end of World War I

B.honor the troops in the Gallipoli campaign

C.remember his son's sacrifice to the country

D.show the family's close ties with the church

（3）What might be the main theme of the pictures on the window?

A.Freedom and equality.

B.Peace and war.

C.Human and nature.

D.Marriage and family.

（4）What might be the best title for the text?

A.A Brave Soldier

B.Window on a Life

C.Cruelty of the War

D.A Grand Church

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一所教堂中一个被称为"约翰·艾伦之窗"的窗户，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命。这是约翰的父亲为了纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲而绘制的，主题体现了战争与和平。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.可知被称为“John Allen window”的一扇窗户描绘了当地男子John Allen短暂的一生，他于1915年在土耳其的加里波利战役中牺牲。可知portrays意思为“描绘”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“With the war over and h is son dead, Sir James chose to install a window in the church, with which the Allen family had strong ties.”随着战争的结束和他儿子的去世，Sir James选择在教堂里安装了一扇窗户，艾伦家族与这扇窗户有着密切的联系。可知Sir James Allen建造了“John Allen window”，以纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Divided in to two parts, one depicts St. George, the patron saint of soldiers，while the other has an angel of peace, along with the words at the bottom,“ John Hugh All Gallipoli,6th June,1915”.”绘画分为两部分，一部分描绘了士兵的守护神圣乔治，另一部分描绘了和平天使，最下面写着“John Hugh All Gallipoli，1915年6月6日”。可推知窗里的画的主题应当为战争与和平。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段“As with many churches, its walls are graced with a collection of beautiful stained-glass windows. Known as the “John Allen window”, one window portrays the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.”与许多教堂一样，它的墙壁上装饰着一系列美丽的彩色玻璃窗。一个窗子被称为"约翰·艾伦之窗"，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命，他于1915年在土耳其的加利波利战役中去世。）以及文章主要内容为描述这个玻璃窗画背后的故事，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

As the President of Ariel Investments, I am often asked how to cultivate (培养) green hands to be qualified for a new job within a short time. My memories take me straight back to the days when I worked for John W. Rogers.

While in college, I worked as an intern (实习生) at Ariel Investments. As the youngest girl of six kids from a single mom, I had very little knowledge of the business world. When I graduated, I decided to return to the company to improve myself.

At the age of 22, my perspective was greatly influenced by lunching with the company's founder and then-president, John W. Rogers. He told me that I would often find myself in the company of rich and successful people with big titles, lots of degrees and lots of experience. And yet, my ideas could still be as good or even better, he said. This early advice became the guiding force that has helped me throughout my entire career. When I was starting out, I thought my inexperience was holding me back, but John said that it was a good thing. He told me that being inexperienced means that you have a fresh point of view.

As my tutor, John encouraged me to be brave. As my boss, he took some giant leaps of faith to support me. Because of our first lunch and the years of support that followed, I never thought twice about speaking up, raising my hand or taking a seat at the table. Staying in the background was never a choice. But John's advice came with one important warning. I needed to keep my attitude in check. It's one thing to be firm but quite another to be rude. Similarly, there is a fine line between confidence and overconfidence. With that in mind, I have had to learn to balance the way I act around others. As someone once told me, "the goal is to be non-threatened and non-threatening at the same time."

（1）What can we learn about the author from the text?

A.She went to Ariel Investments after graduation for practice.

B.She made her voice heard with encouragement from her boss.

C.Her miserable childhood had a negative effect on her work.

D.Her performance during internship was highly praised in public.

（2）Due to John W. Rogers' advice, the author_______.

A.learned to strike a balance between work and life

B.contributed her ideas only after listening to others'

C.no longer felt lost and became aware of her own value

D.switched to a different company to display her talent

（3）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Keep Your Attitude under Control.

B.Encourage Your Employees to Grow.

C.Let Your Success Be Your Noise.

D.Live a Life with a High Goal.

（4）Who would probably benefit most from this article?

https://www.360docs.net/doc/58932969.html,pany bosses.

B.Those new to a job.

C.Business consultants.

D.Experienced teammates.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作为实习生，作者在实习期间受到公司的创始人、董事长John W. Rogers深深地影响，John W. Rogers鼓励作者要敢于思考、发表自己的想法，也鼓励作者要勇敢，因为John W. Rogers，作者也学习到"要有锋芒却不伤人"。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"At the age of 22, my perspective was greatly influenced by lunching with the company's founder and then-president, John W. Rogers."作者22岁时的想法被John W. Rogers极大地影响，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"my ideas could still be as good or even better, he said. This early advice became the guiding force that has helped me throughout my entire career." John W. Rogers说作者的想法可以很好甚至可以更好，这些建议对于作者整个职业生涯造成了非常大的影响，这些影响使得作者不再感到迷茫，同时也开始意识到自己的价值。故选C。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的"‘With that in mind, I have had to learn to balance the way I act around others. As someone once told me, ’the goal is to be non-threatened and non-threatening at the same time. "可知，作者通过自己的经历告诉读者，要平衡自信与自负之间的关系，而且曾经有人告诉作者"要有锋芒，但也不要伤人"，即能控制自己的态度，总结概括了文章的主旨。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。第一段提到作者非常擅长培养新手，同时作者也回忆了自己在做实习生时的上司对作者的指导，这些对于刚入职场的人而言都是非常好的工作经验，因此这篇文章特别适合职场新手。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Artificial intelligence can predict when patients with a heart disorder will die, according to scientists.

The software learned to analyze blood tests and scans of beating hearts to spot signs that the organ was about to fail. The team, from the UK's Medical Research Council, said the technology could save lives by finding patients that need more aggressive treatment. The results were published in the Journal of Radiology.

According to the researchers, high blood pressure in the lungs damages part of the heart, and about a third of patients die within five years after being diagnosed. There are treatments: drugs,

injections straight into the blood vessels, a lung transplant. But doctors need to have an idea of how long patients might have left, in order to pick the right treatment.

The software was given scans of 256 patients' hearts, and blood test results. When this data was combined with eight years of patient health records, the artificial intelligence predicted when patients would die.

The software could look about five years into the future. It correctly predicted those who would still be alive after one year about 80% of the time. The figure for doctors is 60%.

The team now want to test the software works in other patients in different hospitals before assessing whether it should be made widely available to doctors. The researchers also want to use the technology in other forms of heart failure, such as cardiomyopathy, to see who might need a pacemaker or other forms of treatment.

Dr Mike Knapton, from the British Heart Foundation, said, "This exciting use of computer software in medical practice will help doctors in the future to make sure that patients are receiving the correct treatment before the condition deteriorates and leaves them needing a lung transplant. The next step is to test this technology in more hospitals with heart disease."

（1）What can artificial intelligence do according to the passage?

A. Predicting how long a person with heart disease can survive.

B. Helping doctors diagnose people with heart disease.

C. Obeying orders and reminding heart disease patients to take pills.

D. Producing medicine without side effects for heart disease patients.

（2）What can we know about the software from the passage?

A. It can make accurate long-term predictions.

B. It has not yet been widely put into use.

C. It can prevent high blood pressure in the lungs damaging part of the heart.

D. It can help doctors make sure that patients are receiving the correct treatment.

（3）The underlined word "deteriorates" in the last paragraph probably means "________."

A. continues

B. worsens

C. exists

D. improves

（4）The author's purpose of writing the text is most likely to _________.

A. advertise

B. persuade

C. inform

D. entertain

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家称，人工智能可以预测心脏病患者何时死亡，这项技术可以通过找到需要更积极治疗的病人来挽救生命。以及该软件对病人的预测方式和未来应用领域。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Artificial intelligence can predict when patients with a heart disorder will die, according to scientists.”科学家称，人工智能可以预测心脏病患者何时会死亡。）可知人工智能可以预测心脏病患者能存活多久。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“The team now want to test the software works in other patients in different hospitals before assessing whether it should be made widely available

to doctors.”该团队现在想要测试该软件在不同医院的其他病人身上是否有效，然后再评估是否应该让医生广泛使用。可知该软件尚未广泛使用。故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“leaves them needing a lung transplant”病人需要进行肺移植，可知电脑软件在医疗实践中的应用，将有助于医生在未来确保病人在病情恶化并需要肺移植之前得到正确的治疗。故划线单词意思为“恶化”。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Artificial intelligence can predict when patients with a heart disorder will die, according to scientists.”科学家称，人工智能可以预测心脏病患者何时会死亡。以及文章主要内容为说明人工智能可以预测心脏病患者能存活多久，这项技术可以通过找到需要更积极治疗的病人来挽救生命。可知作者写这篇文章的目的最有可能是提供信息。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读你，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

During this shopping season, salesmen will come up with different strategies to get your business. Many product companies use specific colors to cause positive emotions and compete for a sale. However, sight is not the only sensory (感官的) retail that companies use. Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.

Nobel Prize-winning research shows that our sense of smell has great power to cause an emotional response. A study published earlier this year compared purchasing in a French flower shop when the smell of lavender (薰衣草) was given off and when it wasn't. It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases. An earlier study using Nike shoes found that consumers desired the shoes more, and were willing to pay more, when the room had a mixed smell of flowers. Realizing the subconscious impact of smell, many stores apply artificial scents (气味) through their heating and air-conditioning vents (通风口) or place scent machines above their doors. For instance, a coconut scent might make that bikini more appealing as you long for a vacation.

Ever felt frenzied due to a store's fast-paced music? Or calmed by a piece of light music? A retailer's choice of music can have a big impact on consumers' moods. One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a store. But interestingly, the researchers did not find a difference in sales or customers' satisfaction. Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music. Just as department stores use different scents in certain departments, many use different music in some areas to appeal to varying consumers.

Well, you could always leave the store and take a break, but the food court probably isn't your best choices as brands like Cinnabon and Panera Bread also use scents as part of their customers' experience. Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home.

（1）The passage is mainly about ________.

A. consumers' favorite sounds and smells while shopping

B. shopping malls' strategies for satisfying consumers

C. some special services from super shopping malls

D. two factors affecting consumers' shopping decisions

（2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A. Decorating stores with flowers becomes a fashion.

B. Shops with special smells can attract more consumers.

C. Smells can actually help businessmen gain more profits.

D. The products with a kind of special smell are more popular.

（3）How does music have an effect on consumers?

A. It controls consumers' desire for shopping.

B. It influences how long consumers stay in a shop.

C. It gives consumers the satisfaction of enjoying shopping.

D. Whether consumers are willing to buy things depends on it.

（4）Which of the following can replace the underlined word “frenzied” in Paragraph 3? A. Satisfied. B. Depressed. C. Surprised. D. Excited.

（5）What does the writer try to express in the last paragraph?

A. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular nowadays.

B. People should spend more time at home with family members.

C. People can choose to get rid of salesmen's promotion strategies.

D. Smells and sounds are important for consumers' shopping experience.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

（5）C

【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。（1）主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.（声音和气味也会影响消费者的购买决定）及下文对这两个因素的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。故答案选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段中的It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases.（研究发现，这种气味增加了消费者购买物品的数量和购买量）可推知，气味实际上可以帮助商人获得更多的利润。故答案选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中的One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a store…Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music.（研究发现，当音乐音量过大时，消费者在商店里的时间会减少……最近一项研究的另一个有趣发现是，当顾客接触到不熟悉的音乐时，他们的购物时间实际上更长）可知，音乐会影响消费者在商店里停留的时间。故答案选B。

（4）词义猜测题。A. Satisfied满意的；B. Depressed沮丧的；C. Surprised吃惊的；D. Excited兴奋的。根据第三段中的Or calmed by a piece of light music?（还是听着轻音乐平静下来?）可知，划线词所在句意为“有没有因为商店里快节奏的音乐而感到疯狂?”，由此推知，划线词意为“疯狂的”，疯狂是一种兴奋的状态。故答案选D。

（5）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home.（网上零售商使用各种各样的策略来获得你的生意，但你可以忽略这些，享受熟悉的家的味道）可知，作者想要告诉人们，我们可以选择摆脱销售员的促销策略。故答案选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?

Avoiding temptation (诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the "out of sight, out of mind" principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight.

The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower-at least to a point.

Willpower may also be made less vulnerable (脆弱) to being exhausted in the first place.

Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.

The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year's Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don't try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, you'll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won't require making decisions at all.

（1）From the studies in the passage we learn that ________.