中考英语题型讲解：首字母填词答题技巧

中考英语题型讲解：首字母填词答题技巧中考英语题型讲解:首字母填词答题技巧

根据句意及首字母填词看似简单, 但要准确填写还真不是很容易的事. 首先要

联系前后句意考虑该填什么意思的词, 还要注意该填这个词的什么形式. 做这类题, 可以从以下角度来考虑:

一、认真审题，根据全文及句子意思，确定空白处应填一个什么意思的词. 例如:

(1) He is my father, but I’m not his son. I’m his

d____________.

分析: 这题所说的内容是跟家庭成员的名称有关, 根据句意填daughter.

二、认真分析句子结构，根据句子结构确定所填词的词性。例如:

(2) Guangzhou is in the n__________________ of

China.

(3) Guangzhou is in the n________________ part of

China.

分析: 第(2)题前有冠词, 后面有一个of短语, 因此要填名词形式south; 而

第(3)题所填词的后面有一个名词,所以这里要填一个形容词southern来修饰它)

三、根据句子意思和句子结构，确定所填词的正确形式。

1. 名词. 主要是名词的单复数以及名词所有格形式.

如:

(4) If you want to get thinner, you should take more

e_______________.

(5) Doing eye e___________________ is good for your eyes.

(6) You can get a lot of i__________ about the place where you want to go.

(7) March 8th is w_____________________ Day.

分析: 第(4)中, 是短语take exercise, 这里

exercise作“锻炼” 讲, 是不可数名词; 在第(5)题中,

eye exercises 是“眼保健操”的意思, 是可数名词, 要

用复数; 第(6)题中, information 是一个不可数名词,

不可加-s; 第(7)题中, 指的是妇女节, 形式上要用复

数, 再加所有格, 即women’s.

2. 动词. 注意动词的过去式及过去分词(在完成时态

和被动语态中), 动词的-ing形式(动名词或进行时态

中的现在分词形式),以及当主语为单数第三人称时后

面的谓语动词形式. 如:

(8) If you work hard, you’ll c____________ up with others.

(9) She often s________________ a lot of time on

English.

(10) It’s cold. Would you mind c_______________ the window?

(11) Li Lei p_______________maths to English last term.

(12) The 2008 Olympic Games will be h___________ in Beijing.

分析: (8)中, 是短语catch up with; (9)中, 也是短

语spend+time+on sth.的形式, 但主语是单数第三人称

形式, 所以要填spends; (10)中, mind 后面的形式是加

动词的-ing形式, 所以填closing; (11)中, 也是一个短

语, 后面的时间状语是过去的时间, 所以填preferred;

(12)中, 意思应该是“举行”, 但是它是一个被动语态,

所以要填held.

3. 形容词、副词. 特别注意表示频率的副词; 形容词

和副词的比较级与最高级形式. 如:

(13) I go to the library t___________ a week --on Saturday afternoon and Sunday morning.

(14) The sun is f________________away from the earth than the moon.

(15) Which do you like b_________________, tea, orange or water?

分析: (13)题中, 后面的提示是指的两次, 所以填twice;

(14)题中, 有个than, 表示比较, 要填farther; (15)题中,

后面提到的有三种东西, 所以要用最高级best.

4. 代词. 注意人称代词的主格与宾格形式;形容词性

物主代词与名词性物主代词形式;反身代词的使用.

如:

(16) A: Your English is very good. How did you learn it? B: I taught m____________.

(17) Kate is a friend of m__________________. We have been friends for several years.

分析: (16)题中, 是一个短语teach oneself, 所以应

该填myself; (17)题中, 是用的一个双重所有格形式,

应该填名词性物主代词mine.

5. 数词. 注意基数词与序数词的用法, 尤其是序数词

中的一些特殊形式.

(18) Thursday is the f_______________ day of a week.

(19) There are t___________________ months in a year.

分析: (18)题, 填的词前有冠词, 后面的内容根据

常识该填序数词fifth; (19)题中, 填基数词twelve.

6. 一些常见的介词、连词:

(20) There is a high way b___________________ the two cities.

(21) He provided me w__________ some information about the movie.

(22) He didn’t go to bed u_________ he finished his homework last night.

分析: (20)题中, 是指两座城市“之间”, 所以填

between; (21)题中, 是一个短语provide sb with sth, “提

供给某人某事”, 该填with; (22)题中, 是短语

not…until “直到…才…” 所以要填until.

四、了解英美国家的一些生活习惯和风土人情，使所

填写的单词符合英美的文化习惯。 (23) In England,

you have to drive on the l____________.

(24) When English people meet each other, they often talk about the w______________.

分析: (23)题中, 要填的是表示方位的词, 在英国,

人们是左行的, 所以该填left; (24)题中, 指的是平时

最常谈论的话题, 在英国人们平时多谈论天气, 所以

要填weather.

五、增大英语阅读量，扩大知识面，了解必要的天文

地理方面的知识。例如:

(25) It’s spring in China now, but it’s

a________________ in Australia.

(26) Hainan Island is the s______________ largest island

of China.

分析: 中国处于北半球,而澳大利亚处于南半球, 两处

的季节正相反, 所以在中国是春季的时候, 澳大利亚

正处于秋季, 所以(25)题要填autumn; (26)题中, 海南

岛是中国第二大岛, 所以填序数词second.

六、要注意一些习惯用语和固定搭配的用法。

(27) He is a good boy. I’d like to make f____________ with him.

(28) In Hainan Island it’s warm all the yea r r_______________.

(29) Before handing in your exam paper, you’d better

make s___________ there are no mistakes. (30) It’s b__________ to travel by train. You can enjoy

the beautiful scenery all the way. 分析: (27)题中, 是短语make friends, “交朋友”, 注意

friends是复数形式; (28)题中, 是短语all the year round, “全年” “;一年到头”之意; (29)题中, 是短语make sure

“确信” “确定”之意; (30)题中, 指的是交通方式的选择,

It’s best to… 意思是“最好……”

另外, 即使是同样的内容, 题目改变一下, 所填的词

也有区别. 如:

(31) February has the f__________ days of all the

months in a year.

(32) February is the s__________ month of a year.分析: 这两题根据意

思都要填最高级, (31)题中, 指的是天数, 得用“多少”来说, 所以填fewest; (32)中, 月份只能用“长短” 来说, 所以填shortest.

(

代词

在英语中代词可分为人称代词, 物主代词, 反身代词,指示代词, 疑问代词和

不定代词等. 在全国各地每年中考中, 对代词的考查除人称代词外, 主要考查物主代词, 疑问代词和不定代词的用法. 但是在复习代词时应特别注意人称代词的主格, 宾格, 物主代词中名词性物主代词, 形容词性物主代词的用法和区别等. 一. 分类我们通常用到以下几个种类的代词.

单数复数

种

类第一第二第一第二人第三人

第三人称

人称人称人称称称

主

I you he, she, it we you they 人

格

称

代

宾

词 me you him, her, it us you them

格

形

容

my your his, her, its our your their

词物

性主

代

词名

词mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs

性

反身myseyourshimself,herself,ourselvyourselthemsel代lf elf itself es ves ves 词

指this, that等 these, those 等

示

代

词

疑who, whom, whose, what, which 等

问

代

词

关who, whom, whose, which, that 等

系

代

词

不each, everyone, everybody, everything, some,

定someone, somebody, something, few, a few, little, a

代little 等

词

二. 用法.

1. 人称代词作主语时用主格, 作宾语或表示时用

宾格. 人称代词并列使用时顺序为”第二人称, 第三人

称, 第一人称”.如: You, he and I all like English.

2. 物主代词有两种形式: 一种是形容词性物主代

词, 在句中只能充当定语, 相当于一个形容词; 另一

种是名词性物主代词, 在句中作主语, 宾语, 表语等,

相当于一个名词. 如:

Everybody must do his work well. These rulers are not

ours. They are theirs.

3. 注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单

数还是复数.如:

These books are mine. Hers are over there. (这里

hers=her books, 是复数)

This is not our room. Ours is over there. (这里ours=our room, 为单数)

4. “of+名词性物主代词”表示所属. 如:a sister of his, a friend of

mine

5. 反身代词主要用作宾语, 尤其当主语和宾语同

指一个人时, 有时也可用作主语或宾语的同位语, 有

时还可作表语. 如:

The little girl could dress herself when she was two.

Mary herself opened the door. The girl in the picture is herself. 6. 疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中, 一般放在句子最

前面,可用作主语, 宾语, 表语或定语. 如:

Who told you this? Wha did you see just now? What is this? Which sport do you like best? 7. 关系代词常用来引导定语从句, 在定语从句中可作主语, 定语, 宾语或表语. 如:

The man who lives in that house is my uncle. This is the pen whose point is broken

The man whom you met yesterday is friendly. She is no longer the

girl who she used to be.

8. 不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词, 在句中

作主语, 宾语, 表语或定语. 其用法如下:

(1). some系列的词项是肯定词, 用于肯定句表示肯定

意义; any系列的词项是非肯定词, 用于疑问句, 否定

句或条件状语从句, 表示非肯定的意义. 如:

There is somet hing wrong with him. There isn’t anyone

in the street.

(2). some和any两类词项在很大程度上取决于全句的

内在含义和说话人的意图. 当说话人表示请求, 建议

或带有肯定意图时, 不管句子形式如何, 都可用some

系列词项. 如:

Would you like something to eat? Why don’t you ask

someone to help you?

(3). anyone, anybody表示“任何人”, a nything表示

“任何事情”时, 可用于肯定句. 如:

He is better than anyone else in this sport. (4). 不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词要用第三人称单数.

如:

Everyone in China likes the Spring Festival. (5). 形容词修饰不定代词时, 形容词通常放在不定代

词之后. 如: Don’t do anything stupid.

After the long walk I wanted to drink something cold. 9. 几组不定代词的区别

each, every

each 和every 都有“每个”的意思, 但它们在用法上

有所不同.

(1) each着重于个别的含义. Every着重于全体的含

义, 和all的意思相近. 如:

Each student has an English book. Every student is here

today.

(2) each 可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或事物,

但是every却总是指三个或三个以上的人或物, 不能

指两个

(3) every只能用作定语, each不仅可以作定语, 而

且能作主语, 宾语和同位语.

a few/few, a little/little

(1)a few, few 用来修饰可数名词, 其中a few表示“有

一些”, few 表示否定, 意为“几乎没有”. a little, little 用来修饰不可数名词, 其中a little表示“有一些”,

little 表示否定, 意为“几乎没有”. 如: There is a little milk left in the bottle.

There is little food in the fridge. Let’s buy some in the supermarket.

There are a few apples on the tree. He doesn’t get along well with others, so he has few

friends here.

(2)quite a few 和quite a little表示“相当多”; very few 和very little表示“很少”

none, no one

(1) none 表示对三个或三个以上的人或事物的否

定, 意为“没有什么人(东西)”, 用作主语和宾语, 既

指人又指物, 后面可指of短语, 常用来回答how many

引起的问句. 如:

--How many students are there in the classroom? --None.

I like none of the books

(2) no one意为“无一人”, “没有人”, 仅指人

(=nobody), 常用来回答who的提问.如:

No one attended the meeting yesterday. --Who is in the classroom? --No one. all, whole

(1) all 与复数名词连用时, 意为“所有”; 与单数

名词连用时, 意为“整个的”, “全部的”. 如:

all my teachers, all day

(2) whole的后面大多接单数名词, 它一般不能与物

质名词连用, 不可以说the whole money, 应该说all the

money. 如: The whole village went out to welcome us.

(3) all与whole在名词短语中的位置是不同的. all

用在冠词, 物主代词或其它限定词之前, whole则用在

这些词之后. 如:

All the afternoon I jumped and sang and did all kinds of

things.

The whole afternoon I jumped and sang and did all kinds

of things.

连词

一. 并列连词

并列连词连接两个词、短语或分句，表示并列、转折。

因果等关系。

1. and 意为“和, 而且”. 如: I will go and buy something to eat.

Work hard and you will succeed. She can play both the piano and the violin.

祈使句+and+陈述句=条件从句+陈述句.

Use your head and you will get a way.=If you use your head, you’ll

get a way.

2. but 意为”但是”, 一般不和though 或although连用.

如:

English is widely used in our life, but I just know a little English.

3. while 意为“在……的时候” 表示同时发生.如:

He was doing his homework while his brother was singing.

1. however 意为“然而” 如:I’d like to go wi th

you, however, my hands are full(忙不过来).

2. or 意为“或者, 否则” 如: Put on more clothes,

or you will get a cold.

Are you going to spend your holiday here or at home? 3. so 意为“因此, 所以”, 一般不和because同时

使用. 如:

His mother was ill that day, so he stayed at home and looked afer her.

4. for 意为“因为”. 如: The days are long, for it

is June now.

5. either…or… 表示“或者……或者……”, 即

“非此即彼”; 若连接两个主语时, 谓语动词的数遵循

“就近原则”. 如: Come either today or

tomorrow. Either you or I am going to attend the meeting.

6. 表示“既不……也不……”. 当连接两个对等

成分在句中作主语时, 谓语动词的数要遵循“就近原

则”, 即由or后面的名词或代词而定.如:

She could neither speak the language nor write it. Neither I nor he has seen the play. 7. not only…but (also)… 意为“不但……而且……”, 在句中常用来连接两个对等的成分, also可

以省略. 当它连接两个主语时, 谓语动词的数随but

also之后的主语而定. 如:

Not only you but I am a student. He is learning not only English but (also) French.

She speaks Russian not only in class but (also) at home. 注意: Not only…but also连接两个并列句子时, 前半句

not only提前且用倒装句. 如:

Not only did he know the future, but also he could tell you the past.

8. both… and… 表示“既……又……, (两者)

都……”, 用来连接两个对等的成分. 如:

While I was in the university, I learned both English and

Japanese.

9. as well as 表示“也”. 如:I have read one of his novels as well

as a few of his plays. Susan is clever as well as beautiful. (苏珊既漂亮

又聪

明)

二. 从属连词

1. 引导宾语从句的连词有: that, if, whether等. 如

I don’t know whether he’ll come or not. I’m sorry that

you can’t come.

2. 引导状语从句的连词有:

(1). 表示时间when, while, as, before, after, until, as soon as,

since, as等. 如:

I’ll discuss this with you when we meet next time. (2). 表示原因because, as, since等. 如: We didn’t buy

the car because it was too expensive. (3). 表示条件if, unless等. 如:If it rains, the match will be delayed(延期).

(4). 表示让步 though, although等.

如: Although/Though she was tired, she kept on

working.

(5). 表示目的so that, in order that等. 如: He raised his voice so that/in order that we could hear him.

(6). 表示结果so…that, so that, such…that等. 如:He

came so late that he missed the class. (7). 表示比较than, as, as…as…, the…, the…等. 如:

You are a better player than I am.

The more, the better.

形容词、副词

形容词是用来修饰名词(或不定代词), 表示人或事物

的性质、特征、状态或属性的词. 副词是修饰动词、

形容词、副词的词, 有时也可以修饰全句, 主要用作状

语.

中考主要考点: 1. 形容词, 副词的句法功能及其在句

中位置; 2. 复合形容词的构成及用法; 3. 近义词辨析,

并能在题干所提供的语境和交际条件中灵活运用; 4.

形容词, 副词比较级和最高级的运用.

一. 形容词的句法功能

1. 充当定语, 修饰名词或不定代词. (Loud music makes me tense.)

2. 作表语, 常与系动词连用.

3. 作宾语补足语. (You must keep your eyes

closed.)

4. 与定冠词the连用, 表示某一类人或事物. (the

old, the poor…)

注意:

1. 以a-开头的形容词alive, asleep, afraid, alone等

一般只作表语(alive有时可作后置定语).

2. 有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词, 如:

friendly, lively, silly, lovely等.

二. 副词的句法功能

副词按照意义可分为时间副词, 地点副词, 方式副词,

程度副词和频度副词.

1. 表示行为或状态特征的词, 在句中主要作状语.

(He studied hard)

2. 一些地点副词和时间副词, 如here, there, home, abroad, upstairs, above, below, yesterday, today,

tomorrow等可以放在被修饰词的后面作定语.

Do you know the man over there? The people there are

friendly to me.

3. 一些表示方位的副词, 如in, out, on, back, down, up, off, away等可以作表语.

三. 形容词, 副词在句中的位置

1. 形容词作定语大多数置于被修饰词之前, 但当

被修饰的词是不定代词或修饰语是短语或从句时, 则置于被修饰语之后.

2. 副词在句中的位置很灵活: 修饰动词放在其后; 修饰形容词、副词、副词

短语、状语从句放在其前; 修饰全句一般放在句首, 若放在句中或句尾则常用逗号隔开. 频度副词always, often等一般放在行为动词之前, 情态动词、助动词或

to be之后; 程度副词如verym, much等一般放在被修饰词之前(enough除外). 四. 复合形容词的构成及用法

复合形容词常在句中作前置定语, 它的构成方式较多. 就中考而言, 常考的复

合形容词的构成形式是: “数词+单数名词+形容词”, 并且中间加连字符. 如: a 7-year-old boy等.

五. 疑问副词的用法

疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的. 常见的疑问副词有when, where, why, how, 以及how和其它形容词或副词构成的how old, how soon, how often, how far, how

long, how tall, how many, how much等.

六. 形容词, 副词的比较等级

1. 表示A与B在程度上相同时, 可用“as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构.

表示A不与B时, 可用“not so/as +形容词或副词的原级+as”结构. 如: Write as carefully as you can and try not to make any mistakes.

The Yellow River is not so/as long as the Changjiang River.

注意: 如果想表示A是B的几倍时, 常用“倍数+as+

形容词或副词的原级+as”结构. 如:

Their house is three times as big as ours. 2. 表示A比B在程度上“更……”时, 可用“形容

词或副词的比较级+than” 结构. 如:

Mobile phones are very popular now and they are cheaper than before. Tom runs faster than Alan. 3. 表示三者或三者以上的比较, 其中一个在程度上“最……”时, 常用“the+形容词或副词的最高级”

结构, 后面可带“of/in 的短语”来说明比较的范围.

I think English is the most difficult subject of all. Zhou shan is the strongest student in o ur class. The teacher asked, “Hu Yan, of all the students in our group, who lives farthest?”

4. 在形容词或副词的比较级前, 可以用a little,

even, far, much, still等词语来修饰, 以加强语气. 如:

In our city, it’s hot in July, but it’s even hotter in August.

5. 表示“越来越……”时, 常用“形容词或副词

的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级结构, 但要注

意, 对于多音节和部分双音节形容词/副词而言, 若要

表达此意时, 要用“more and more+adj/adv的原级”结

构. 如: The car is running faster and faster. Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.

6. 在表示“其中最……之一”的含义时, 常使用

“one of+the+adj最高级形式+名词复数”的结构, 其中

的定冠词the 不可省略. 如:

Surfing, one of the most popular water sports in the world, first started on the island of Hawaii. 7. 如果强调“两者中比较……的(一个)”的意思时,

可使用“the+adj比较级+其它”结构.如:

Of the two skirts, Lucy chose the cheaper one. 8. 表示“越……越……”时, 可使用“the+adj/adv

的比较级(+其它), the +adj/adv的比较级+(其它)”结构.

如: He takes more exercise every day, for he believes the more he does, the stronger he’ll be.

此外值得注意的是, 某些含有最高级的句型可以用比

较级的句型来代替. 如:

He is the tallest student in his class.=He is taller than any other student in his class.

数词

数词有两种:基数词和序数词. 表示数目多少的数词叫

基数词, 如one, twenty-three等; 表示顺序先后的数词

叫序数词, 如first, twelfth等.

一. 基数词和序数词的构成:

1. 基数词在基数词书写中, 1-12要特别记忆,

13-19都是以-teen结尾, 整十的数都是以-ty结尾. 在

表示“几十几”时, 十位数和个位数之间要加连字符

“-”.

2. 序数词 1-19的序数词中除first, second, third外, 其余均由基数词加-th构成,但是fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth要作适当变化. 当表示“第几十几”时, 十位数

用基数词, 个位数用序数词, 中间须有连字符“-”.

二. 数词的用法

1. hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有具体的

数字修饰时用单数形式, 后面的名词要用复数形式.

如:five hundred teachers. 如果这四个词前面没有具体

的数, 则要在后面加“s”再加“of +可数名词的复数”.

如: hundreds of students, millions of workers.

2. 数词可以表示事物的编号. 如:Lesson Ten=the tenth lesson (第十课)

3. 数词可以表示年代. 如: in the 1980s(在二十世

纪八十年代)

4. 表示分数时, 分子用基数词, 分母用序数词.

当分子大于1时, 分母要用复数形式. 如2/3 two thirds,

1/5 one fifth, 1/2 one half, 3/4 three quarters(or three

fourths)

5. 数词可发表示时间.

(1)钟点+分钟(顺读法) 如: 11:56 eleven fifty-six (2)分钟+to/past+钟点(倒读法) 如: 4:30 half past

four 5:05 five past five

6:45 fifteen to seven / a quarter to seven 6. 数词表示年龄. 如:in his thirties (在他三十多岁

时)

7. 数词表示年月日. 如: May 2(nd), 2007 读

作:May the second, two thousand and seven. 动词时态和语态

一. 动词时态的基本考点

1. 一般现在时表示经常发生的动作, 存在的状

态, 现阶段的习惯或不受时间限制的事实和普遍真理,

常与时间状语often, usually, every day, always等连用.