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Hate Your Job? Here’s How to Reshape It

A) Once upon a time, if you hated your job, you either quit or bit your lip. These days, a group of researchers is trumpeting a third option: shape your job so ifs more fruitful than futile.

B) "We often get trapped into thinking about our job as a list of things to do and a list of responsibilities," says Amy Wrzesniewski, an associate professor at the Yale School of Management. "But what if you set aside that mind-set?" If you could adjust what you do, she says, "who would you start talking to, what other tasks would you take on, and who would you work with?"

C) To make livelihoods more lively, Wrzesniewski and her colleagues Jane Dutton and Justin Berg have developed a methodology they call job-crafting. They’re working with Fortune 500 companies, smaller firms and business schools to change the way Americans think about work. The idea is to make all jobs--even mundane (平凡的) ones---more meaningful by empowering employees to brainstorm and implement subtle but significant workplace adjustments.

Step 1: Rethink Your Job--Creatively

D) "The default some people wake up to is dragging themselves to work and facing a list of things they have to do," says Wrzesniewski. So in the job-crafting process, the first step is to think about your job holistically. You first analyze how

much time, energy and attention you devote to your various tasks. Then you reflect on that allocation( 分配). See I0 perfect jobs for the recession--and after.

E) Take, for example, a maintenance technician at Burt’s Bees, which makes personal-care products. He was interested in process engineering, though that wasn’t part of his job description. To alter the scope of his day-to-day activities, the technician asked a supervisor if he could spend some time studying an idea he had for making the firm’s manufacturing procedures more energy-efficient. His ideas proved helpful, and now process engineering is part of the scope of his work.

F) Barbara Fredrickson, author of Positivity and a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says it’s crucial for people to pay attention to their workday emotions. "Doing so," she says, "will help you discover which aspects of your work are most life-giving-and most life-draining."

G) Many of us get stuck in ruts (惯例). Berg, a Ph.D. student at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania who helped develop the job-crafting methodology, says we all benefit from periodically rethinking what we do. "Even in the most constraining jobs, people have a certain amount of wiggle room," he says. "Small changes can have a real impact on life at work."

Step 2: Diagram Your Day

H) To lay the groundwork for change, job-crafting participants assemble diagrams detailing their workday activities. The first objective is to develop new insights about what you actually do at work. Then you can dream up fresh ways to integrate what the job-crafting exercise calls your "strengths, motives and passions" into your daily routine. You convert task lists into flexible building blocks. The end

result is an "after" diagram that can serve as a map for specific changes.

I) lna Lockau-V ogel, a management consultant who participated in a recent job-crafting workshop, says the exercise helped her adjust her priorities. "Before, 1 would spend so much time reacting to requests and focusing on urgent tasks that I never had time to address the real important issues." As part of the job-crafting process, she decided on a strategy for delegating and outsourcing (外包) more of her administrative responsibilities.

J) In contrast to business books that counsel, managers to influence workers through incentives, job-crafting focuses on what employees themselves can do to re-envision and adjust what they do every day. Given that according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, it now takes the average job seeker more than six months to find a new position, it’s crucial to make the most of the job you’ve got.

Step 3: Identify Job Loves and Hates

K) By reorienting (使适应) how you think about your job, you free yourself up for new ideas about how to restructure your workday time and energy. Take an IT worker who hates dealing with technologically incompetent callers. He might enjoy teaching more than customer service. By spending more time instructing colleagues--and treating help-line callers as curious students of tech--the disgruntled IT person can make the most of his 9-to-5 position.

L) Dutton, a professor at the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business, says she has seen local auto-industry workers benefit from the job-crafting process. "They come in looking worn down, but after spending two hours on this exercise, they come away thinking about three or four things they can do differently."

M) "They start to recognize they have more control over their work than they realized," says Dutton, who parmered with Wrzesniewski on the original job-crafting research.

Step 4: Put Your Ideas into Action

N) To conclude the job-crafting process, participants list specific follow-up steps: Many plan a one-0n-one meeting with a supervisor to propose new project ideas. Others connect with colleagues to talk about trading certain tasks. Berg says as long as their goals are met, many managers are happy to let employees adjust how they work.

O) Job-crafting isn’t about revenue, per se, but juicing up ( 活跃) employee engagement may end up beefing up the bottom line. Amid salary, job and benefit cuts, more and more workers are disgruntled. Surveys show that more than 50% aren’t happy with what they do. Dutton, Berg and Wrzesniewski argue that emphasizing enjoyment can boost efficiency by lowering turnover rates and jacking up productivity. Job-crafting won’t rid you of a lousy boss or a subpar salary, but it does offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction. If you can’t ditch or switch a job, at least make it more likable.

1. A long time ago when a person hated his/her job, he/she will resign or bear it.

2. Amy Wrzesniewski think job could be adjusted.

3. Your first thing to do in the job-crafting process is to think about your job wholly .

4. The idea of a maintenance technician at Burt’s Bees turned out to be helpful and energy-efficient.

5. Berg’s suggestion about work is to rethink and make small changes.

6. According to Ina Lockau-V ogel, the benefit from job-crafting is that it helps her set priorities properly.

7. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the situation in job market is ---it is difficult to find a job.

8. Dutton has seen that local auto-industry workers profit from the job-crafting process.

9. According to Berg, if the job-crafting process is successful, the supervisors are willing to let employees adjust what to do.

10. If you can’t quit your job, using job-crafting may at least offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction.

文章精要

日常生活中，人们往往认为工作是一些不得不做的任务、不得不承担的责任。以前，当人们讨厌他们的工作时，通常会辞职或掩饰不满。而耶鲁大学管理学院的副教授Amy Wrzesniewski及其同事却提出了一个新的理念：雕琢工作(job—crafting)。文章通过举例子，讲述了如何运用这种方法来改变人们对工作的看法，使工作更讨人喜欢。

1. A

根据题干信息词hated和job定位到文章首句：从前，如果你讨厌你的工作，要么辞职，要么掩饰自己的不满，bite one’s lip意为“努力掩饰某人的怒火或不满”。

2. B

根据题于信息词Amy Wrzesniewski和job定位到文章第二段，即：我们经

常会陷入这种思维定势，认为我们的工作就是一系列要做的事情和一系列责任，但是，如果你换一种心态呢?如果做些什么可以调整这种心态呢?也就是说Amy Wrzesniewski认为工作是可以调整的，故选段落B。

3. D

A根据题于信息词first和in the job-crafting process定位到第一个小标题下的首段第二句：在job-crafting的过程中，首先就是要整体考虑你的工作，故选段落D。holistically意为“整体地，全盘地”。原文的意思是先整体考虑，然后是具体分析时间、能量、注意力如何分配到不同的任务中。

4. E

根据题干信息词At Burt’s Bees和maintenance technician定位到第一个小标题下的第二段：在Burt’s Bees的一个技术人员，对程序工程感兴趣，虽然这不属于他的职责范畴，但为了改变他日常工作的范围，他争取到一些时间研究出一个点子使公司的生产过程更节能，最后，他成功了。

5. G

根据题干信息词Berg定位到第一个小标题下最后一段。Berg说道：阶段性的反思会让我们受益，即便是限制的工作也有改动的余地，一些小改变对工作状态会有实实在在的影响。故本题选段落G。

6. I

根据题干信息词job-crafting和Ina Lockau—V ogel定位到文章第二个小标题下的第二段：Ina提到，她参加了一个job—crafting研讨会，在那的训练帮助她调整事情的优先级别，priority意为“优先，优先权”，故选段落I。

7. J

根据题干信息词the Bureau of Labor Statistics定位到文章第二个标题下的第

三段末句：根据劳动统计局的数据，现在找一个新工作平均需要6个月，限度去做好你现在的工作是至关重要的，由此可知本题选段落J。

8. L

根据题干信息词Dutton和local auto-industry workers定位到文章第三个小标题下的第二段：Dutton说她已经看到当地汽车行业的工作者受益于job—crafting 的过程。

9. N

根据题干信息词the job—crafting process和employees定位到文章第四个小标题下的第一段末句：Berg说，一旦他们的目标实现，许多管理者都乐意让他们的员工安排他们怎样工作，题干中的be willing to意为“愿意，乐意”，与be happy to同义。

10. O

根据题于信息词quit，at least和for job dissatisfaction定位到文章末段最后两句：job-crafting不会使你摆脱糟糕的老板或低廉的薪水，但是它可以为你对工作的不满提供补救。如果你不能丢弃或换掉工作，至少可以让工作更讨人喜欢，由此选段落O。

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How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint Presentations A) Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed the way in which academic and business presentations are made. This article outlines few tips on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations. The Text B) Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary words—a good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentences into phrases, and phrases into key words.Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the Rule of Five-five words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split it between two slides. Click within the placeholder to display the AutoFit Options button (its symbol is two horizontal lines with arrows above and below), then click on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu. C) Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while the text body should not be smaller than https://www.360docs.net/doc/5e7649543.html,e only two font styles per slide—one for the title and the other for the text. Choose two fonts that visually contrast with each other.

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There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase. Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action. long-term goals mean a lot______. we complete our short-range goals we cannot reach solid short-term goals we write down the dates we put forward some plans short-term goals are bulid upon______. years goals activities goals that have been completed we complete each step of our goals ,______. will win final success are overwhelmed should build up confidence of success should strong desire for setting new goals our goals are drawn up,_______. should stick to them until we complete them may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunities had better wait for the exciting news of success have made great decision is implied but not stated in the passage that ______. who habe long-term goals will succeed down the dates may discourage you goal is only a guide for us to reach our desination should have a goal 答案：adcbc 大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之二（含答案） The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The