动词分类和基本形式

动词分类和基本形式
动词分类和基本形式

第九章动词分类和基本形式

一、知识网络

二、考纲要求

动词是构成英语句子的核心,是英语中最关键的词类,是中考考查较多的一项。中考对动词的考查主要有:

1.熟记动词的第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词以及现在分词的变化形式,结合一定的语境,根据标志词准确判断时态。

2.动词的分类,特别是情态动词的用法。

考查动词的主要形式有单项选择,动词填空,句型转换,完形填空等。

三、考点精讲

考点一实义动词

实义动词意义完整,能够独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否需要宾语,又可细分为:及物动词和不及物动词。

(1)及物动词(vt.)要求跟宾语。

I learn English every day. (English是learn的宾语) 我每天都学英语。

(2)及物动词可以跟“双宾语”(直接宾语和间接宾语),也可跟“复合宾语”(宾语和宾语补足语)。

People give me their money. 人们给我钱。

In England,people usually call me Jim for short. 在英国,人们通常简称我Jim。

I found a small boy cry in the corner yesterday. 昨天我发现一个小男孩在角落里哭。

注:①带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。

②带双宾语的动词有:give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read, return等。

考点二系动词

系动词用来连接主语和表语, 系动词后面常为形容词。

1. 常见的系动词有:be、become、look、feel、sound、smell、taste、seem、turn等。

2. 有些系动词来源于实义动词, 意思也跟着变化:look(看→看起来)、feel(感觉→摸起来)、smell(闻、嗅→闻起来)、taste(尝→尝起来)、turn(翻转、转动→变得)、grow(生长→变得)、get(得到→变得)、go(去→变得), 所不同的是,作为实义动词时,后面不能跟形容词。

考点三助动词

助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独用作谓语。助动词有be,have,shall(should),will(would)和do。助动词在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。

1. 常见的助动词有:用于进行时和被动语态的be (am, is, are ); 用于将来时的shall, will;用于一般时的do(does, did)。

2. 助动词必须同主语的人称和数一致, 也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采用不同的形式。

(1)助动词be有下列几种形式:

助动词be的功能有两个:与现在分词构成各种进行时态;和过去分词构成各种被动语态。

We are playing basketball. 我们正在打篮球。

The book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。

(2)have

(3)do

Do you live in Beijing?你住在北京吗?

(4)will(would)shall(should)

于一切人称,shall(should)用于第一人称,较正式,现今多代之以will(would)。

I shall/will be eighteen next year. 明年我就18岁了。

考点四情态动词

情态动词本身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、语气或情态等,如“可能”、“应当”。它们不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词一起作谓语。情态动词多数没有人称和数的变化。主要有:can/could,may/might,must,need,dare,will/would,shall/should等。

1. can的用法

①表示能力,意为“能、会”;

②表示推测,意为“可能”;

③表示请求允许,意为“可以”。

以can开头的一般疑问句,其肯定和否定回答分别用can和can't。

He can look after himself. 他能照料自己。

2. may 的用法

①表示请求、许可,意为“可以”;

②表示猜测,意为“可能、也许”等。can与may均可用来征求意见或允许,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用;

③以may开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答应用may,而其否定回答则多用mustn't,而不用may not。

3. must的用法

①表示“必须、应该”;

②表示推测,“一定”。must表示推测时一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can,否定句中也用may,但may not表示“可能不”,而can't表示“不可能”。否定句中,mustn't表示禁止,意为“不允许”;

③以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答应用must,而否定回答则常用needn't,needn't表示“不需要、不必”,相当于don't have to。

You must tell your reason. 你必须说出你的理由。

4. need的用法

need 既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。need作情态动词时,没有人称和数的变化,后跟动词原形,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。而need作实义动词时,有人称、数的变化,后接带to的不定式。

You needn't come to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. 如果你有重要的事,下午的会就不必来了。

Does she need to come? 她需要来吗?

注:①比较can和be able to

两者表示能力时用法相同,但can只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式,其他时态要用be able to来表示。另外,be able to常常有做成了某件事的意味。

②must和can't

must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。如:

He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。

Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning. 迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

考点五动词各种形式

1. 规则动词变化表:

注意:

①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾, 尾音节又重读的动词, “r”应双写。

②s/es的读音规则:在清辅音后读[s];在浊辅音后和元音后读[z];在以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的单词后读[iz].

③ed的读音规则:在清辅音后读[t];在浊辅音后和元音后读[d];在[t][d]后读[id].

2. ( )

不规则动词变化之规律:

1)AAA

2)ABA

3)ABB

4)ABC

考点六短语动词

英语中有许多动词可以加上介词、副词等构成短语动词。短语动词像动词一样有及物和不及物之分。它们尽管由几个词构成,但可以作为一个整体看待,同行为动词一样使用。

常用的构成方式主要有以下五种:

1.动词+副词

可用作及物或不及物动词。如:ring up“打电话”(用作及物动词),look out“小心”(用作不及物动词)。如果用作及物短语动词应注意宾语位置的不同:

宾语如果是名词,可以放在副词后面,也可以放在动词与副词之间;宾语如果是代词,则必须放在副词和动词之间。

Please put on your coat. 请穿上你的外套。

Let's think it over. 咱们再仔细考虑一下。

2.动词+介词

相当于一个及物动词。无论宾语是名词还是代词,都应放在介词之后。

You'll look after her at home. 你要在家照料她。

I'm looking for my MP4. 我正在找我的MP4。

3.动词+副词+介词

这类动词一律用作及物动词。如:do away with“去掉”,go back to“回到(某处)去”。此种结构中,宾语要放在介词之后。

The boy gets on well with his classmates. 这个男孩与同学们相处的很融洽。

4.动词+名词+介词

这类动词也只能用作及物动词。如:take care of“照顾”,make use of“利用”。此种结构中,宾语放在介词之后。

We'll take part in the meeting tomorrow. 明天我们都将参加会议。

注:有些“动词+副词”结构和“动词+介词”结构相当于一个及物动词。

go by=pass经过keep on=continue继续

call on=visit拜访ring up=telephone打电话

set out=start开始care for=like喜欢

5.be+形容词+介词

形容词包括起形容词作用的分词,这类短语动词也相当于及物动词。如:be ready for “为……做好准备”,be fond of“喜欢”,be afraid of“害怕”。

英语短语动词试题类型及其解题技巧及解析

英语短语动词试题类型及其解题技巧及解析 一、短语动词 1.The company wants to a school for the poor children. A. put off B. set up C. call in D. look after 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:这家公司想为贫困儿童建一所学校。put off推迟;延期;set up 建立;call in召集;打电话;look after照顾。故选B。 【点评】考查动词短语辨析。 2.--- Who is Dave looking ______? --- His mother. She's been in hospital for a few days. A. for B. after C. at D. up 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:——Dave在照顾谁?——他妈妈,她住院好几天了。look after照 顾;look for寻找;look at看;look up查找。根据in hospital可知选B。 【点评】考查介词辨析,牢记look的固定搭配。 3.Joe has caused many problems and his dad can't ______ good ways to solve his trouble. A. come up with B. catch up with C. work out D. write down 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】come up with”想出“;catch up with”赶上“;work out”解决“;write down” 写下来“。句意为:Joe惹出许多麻烦,他的爸爸想不出方法来解决他的麻烦。”想出方法 “用come up with,故选A。 【点评】考查短语动词的辨析。 4.If you want to know more about space, please ___________ the book A Brief History of Time. A. look through B. look around C. look after D. look down upon 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意:如果你想多了解太空,请浏览《时间简史》这本书。look through 浏览;look around环顾四周;look after照顾;look down upon瞧不起。根据句意,故答案 为A。 【点评】考查动词短语辨析。熟记短语,理解句意,根据语境判断选项。

动词的形式和分类

动词学案 Class:Name: ◆Teaching Aims: ★To learn the classifications of the verbs. ★To master their usage through cooperation and exploration. ◆Teaching Procedures: 一、动词的分类 1. 实义动词 实义动词时能独立作谓语的动词。根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语,可以把实义动词分为 __________动词和_________动词两种类型。按其持续性可分为_____________动词和___________动词。(1)及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 ①动词+宾语 My brother is ________ ______ ________(fly)on the playground. ②动词+宾语+宾补 The teacher made his students___________(happiness) by doing some games. 翻译:We call English teacher Zhang Sir. ____________________________________________________ 注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make, let, see, watch, notice, hear等。 ③动词+双宾语 My mother gives me a new bike. 注意:有些间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)之后时,间接宾语前要加to。常用的此类词有bring、give、hand、pass、pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、lend等。 Hand me that book, please. = Hand____________________________________. 有些间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)之后时,间接宾语前要加for。常用的此类词有buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order等。 My mom bought me a nice backpack. = My mom________________________________________. (2)不及物动词 不及物动词一般不可以接宾语,但是有些不及物动词与一些介词、副词等词搭配在一起构成短语动词,它的作用等于一个及物动词。请在横线上加上适当的介词! ①We arrived______ the station at five. ②He turned _______ the light when he left. ③He takes pride_______ doing a job well. 注意:有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。常用的此类动词有turn、open、close、start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study等。 The girl turned her head and smiled. 这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。

2019版高考英语二轮专题复习练习:专题五-动词和动词短语

2019版高考英语二轮专题复习练习:专题五-动词和动词短语

专题五动词和动词短语(+完形填空+语篇填 空+短文改错) A级基础过关 Ⅰ.单句填空 1.(2018湖北黄冈中学三模)In the course of serving tea,the host should take careful notice of how much water is(remain) in the cups and in the kettle. 2.There should be more and more cultural exchanges between us so as to (deep)our understanding of each other. 3.(2018陕西西安二模) Li Hua read her diary entry from the previous day,which (say):“I

realize that as well as making time for my friends,I should also have some time to myself.” 4.The new electric bicycles (sell) well and (sell) out within two days. 5.A lady (appear) suddenly in front of me,and asked for a help,(appear) anxious. 6.No matter what difficulty you will meet ,carry out your plan. 7.If the day turns wet we may have to change our plans.

山东省高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破五 动词和动词短语

2013年高考第二轮复习英语山东版 五、动词和动词短语 真题试做 1.(2011山东高考,25)They are broadening the bridge to ______ the flow of traffic. A.put off B.speed up C.turn on D.work out 2.(2010山东高考,27)Sam ______ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. A.brought up B.looked up C.picked up D.set up 3.(2010山东高考,31)Your house is always so neat—how do you ______ it with three children? A.manage B.serve C.adapt D.construct 4.(2009山东高考,26) —Do you have enough to ______all your daily expenses? —Oh yes,enough and to spare. A.cover B.spend C.fill D.offer 5.(2009山东高考,31) Amy joined a painting group but didn't seem to ______,so she left. A.show off B.go up C.fit in D.come over 考向分析 1.考查常见动词和动词短语的词义辨析。强调语言的情景化,把动词和动词短语的区别放在鲜活的语境中进行考查,突出在具体语境中进行意义选择的测试。 2.考查常见动词的搭配。特别是同一动词和不同的副词或介词构成的短语的辨析,或者不同的动词和同一副词或介词构成的短语的辨析。如take/make/turn/come/hold/bring/ keep/leave/hand等一些高频动词与out/off/up/over/about/down/on/in等副词搭配构成的短语含义。 3.考查常见动词及其短语的新义,也就是我们所说的“熟词生义”;动词的一词多义也是考查的重点。要在具体的语境中灵活地使用。 热点例析 考点一:动词词义辨析 这类试题的四个选项往往结构相同,词形或意义相近。要做好这类试题,必须从各个动词的语义差别、用法特点等方面入手,然后结合题意选用合适的动词。 【典例分析】 (2012江西高考,30)We were all agreed that the cottage would ______ a perfect holiday home for the family. A.make B.turn C.take D.have 答案为A项。句意:我们一致认为,那所小农舍将会成为一家人度假的完美居所。make 在此意为“成为”。 (2012浙江高考,12)According to scientists,our mental abilities begin to ______ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22. A.differ B.shrink C.fail D.decline 答案为D项。句意:据科学家们说,我们大脑的能力在22岁达到最高水平后,从27岁

2007年高考英语试题分类解析 动词与动词短语

动词及动词短语 【2007全国Ⅰ】Does this meal cost $50? I_______ something far better than this! A. prefer B. expect C. suggest D. suppose 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词辨析。expect期望, 期盼。句意:这顿花50美元?原以为这顿饭会更好一些。prefer更喜欢;suggest建议,表明, 暗示;suppose认为。题中表明说话者失望的心情。 【语言学习】expect 1. 预期,预料 Hunter expects that she will come. 亨特预料她会来。 2. 期望,希望,指望 Parents usually expect too much of their children. 父母通常都对子女寄予过大希望。 Don't be too critical. We can't expect it to be perfect. 别太挑剔了,我们不能期望它完美无缺。【2007全国Ⅱ】I have_______ all my papers but I still can’t find my notes. A. looked through B. looked for C. looked after D. looked out 【答案】A 【解析】考查短语动词辨析。look through浏览, 检查,审核,仔细查看。句意:我仔细查看了我所有的试卷, 但仍没找到我的笔记。look for寻找;look after照顾;look out当心, 注意。 【语言学习】look through 1.穿过……看去 Look through this window and you'll see a beautiful garden. 透过这扇窗户你会看到一个美丽的花园。 2. 看透;看穿;识破 How did she look through his trick? 她是怎么识破他的把戏? 3.检查;审核 The committee looked through his proposal before approving it. 委员会审查了他的提议以后才通过了它。 4. 浏览;(从头到尾)粗略地翻阅;温习(功课等) She spent the whole night looking through the student's homework. 她花了一晚上看学生的作业。 He looked through his notes before the final examination. 他期末考试前温习了自己的笔记。【2007全国Ⅰ】“Goodbye, then, ”she said, without even_______ from her book. A. looking down B. looking up C. looking away D. looking on 【答案】B 【解析】考查短语动词辨析。look up 抬头, 向上看。句意:“再见,” 她说,甚至没有抬头。look down俯视,向下看;look away把脸转过去;look on旁观。 【语言学习】look up 1. 向上看,抬头看 When he looked up, he saw the boss. 他抬起头时看到了老板。 2. 查阅(词典或参考书),(在词典、参考书等中)查找: I have looked it up in the encyclopedia.

常用动词的四大分类

动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。 1)表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2)根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。 说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如: We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。 (has是助动词。) 3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如: She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 4)根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如: She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。 说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。 5)根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)例如: The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。) Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。) The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。) 6)动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)。

中考英语 专题练习动词及动词短语练习题(含答案)

中考英语专题练习动词及动词短语练习题(含答案) 1、Jone’s parents advised him ________ aloud to improve his poor pronunciation. A.not to read B.to read C.read D.reading 2、Wow! The meat in the plate produced a nice smell.It must ______ delicious. A.smell B.look C.taste D.feel 3、---As far as I know, China is getting better at making high-technology products. ---- That’s right, people around the world can hardly avoid ________ products made in China. A.buying B.to buy C.to buying D.buy 4、At first, the students discussed the questions all in English, but after a while, they ______speaking in Chinese. A.gave up B.picked up C.turned up D.ended up 5、The expert advised me ourselves our work. A.to be strict in; with B.be strict in; with C.to be strict with; in D.strict with; in 6、Tom has difficulty Chinese, so he often asks me advice. A.to understand, with B.understanding, of C.to understand, for D.understanding , for 7、Mozart had a amazing gift for art and his music is well worth ____________. A.being listened B.listen to C.listening D.listening to 8、 A.connecting, from B.connecting, to C.connects, from D.connects, to 9、—Why do you look so sleepy in class, John? —Sorry, sir.I _____ to watch a football match last night. A.kept up B.made up C.stayed up D.put up 10、My sweater is _____ China.It’s _____ wool(羊毛). A.made of; made of B.made from; made from C.made in; made from D.made in; made of 11、We are sure that scientists will ____a way to solve the difficult problem. 12、---- Don’t______, my children.Keep working on and you will be successful. ---- Thank you, Mrs Wang.We’ll try our best. A.put up B.turn off C.work out D.give up 13、 A.make B.making C.makes D.made 14、--- Spud Webb’s story proved that you can do almost anything if you never _________. ---I can’t agree with you. A.stay up B.give up C.put up D.get up

《动词短语与短语动词的区别》

英语短语动词和动词短语的区别 短语动词与动词短语是英语学习中的一个重点也是一个难点,如何区别短语动词与动词短语,很多英语初学者一片茫然。就英语双词动词或多词动词而言,大致上可分为短语动词与动词短语两种基本形式。在形式上,前者多由动词加副词构成,后者由动词加介词构成。在意义上,这两种动词具有共同特点,即它们所表示的意义不是动词和副词或介词各自词义的简单结合,而往往相当于一个实意动词,但短语动词与动词短语归根到底不是同一个概念,在用法上,二者还是有着本质的区别,这一点从以下五个方面得到体现。 1.能否接宾语动词短语相当于一个及物动词,其后要接宾语意义才完整;而短语动词并不全都接宾语。如:We should pay much attention to the environment protection.该句中如果去掉介词宾语the environment protection,句子就变成了We should pay much attention to,从意义上讲是一个病句。 而短语动词用在及物句中可以接宾语,用在不及物句中则不能接宾语。如:It took me a while to adapt to the new job. 是一个及物句,因为动词短语adapt to后面接了the new job。但The fire went out at 10 o’clock.是一个不及物句,因为该句是一个完整的句子,动词短语put out 后无需宾语。 下面再举两个含有动词短语的例子供大家参考: (1) I waited for him all day. (2) What does this sigh stand for? 典例分析When he realized the police had spotted him, the man _______ the exit as quickly as possible. A) made off B) made for C) made out D) made up 答案B。从the exit来判断,是要表达向出口方向移动,那么make for(走向)最为合适。make off逃走,但不能直接接the exit,make out假装、认出,make up补充、虚构。 参考译文:当他意识到警察认出他时,他以最快的速度向出口走去。 2.宾语的位置 动词短语接宾语时,无论宾语是代词还是名词,都只能放在介词之后。如:He takes after his mother /her in everything but his nose. 但我们不能说He takes his mother after,也不能说He takes her after.再如: The schoolgirl looked quickly at the price list.我们不能说The schoolgirl looked quickly the price list at. 而及物的短语动词则不同,接代词作宾语时,宾语要放在动词和副词之间;接名词作宾语时,宾语可以放在动词和副词之间,也可以放在动词与副词之后。如:Another wave came, sweeping down a lot of trees and sweeping her down too. 该句中,a lot of trees 是一个名词词组,可以放在短语动词sweep 与副词down之间,也可以放在动词sweep与副词down之后,但her是一个宾格代词,必须放在动词sweep与副词down之间。

动词的分类用法(基础知识)

动词的分类用法 【真题再现】 1. Many successful people have the same quality —they never ______ no matter what difficulties they’ve had.(2016 山西) A. give up B. stay up C. cheer up 2. He told the interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. (2016 黄冈) A. put away B. turned off C. taken out D. used up 3. —Another good idea! And we could each call up ten people and ask them to come. —Hey, we’re ______ a lot of good ideas, aren’t we? (2016 黄冈) A. getting along with B. coming up with C. catching up with D. doing well in 4. As time ______, you’ll come to think of English as your friend and love it.(2016 安徽) A. goes by B. runs out C. takes off D. turns up 5. Spring has come. We can't ________ the plan. The trees must be planted this week. (2016 安顺) A. put off B. make up C. come up with D. look up 6. It ________ about eight minutes for sunlight (阳光) to travel from the sun to the earth. (2016 临沂) A. takes B. spends C. costs D. pays 7. —Don't ______ late, Mary. You have a singing competition tomorrow morning. —Ok, dad, I'll go to bed right now. (2016 温州) A. dress up B. grow up C. stay up D. mix up 8. — Mum, shall we go to the beach tomorrow? (2017 广东) — It ______ the weather. A.carries on B.lives on C.depends on D.holds on 9. Our government has tried many ways to ________ the smog(雾霾) problem.Maybe we’ll have a clear sky in the near future. (2017 哈尔滨) A.put away B.work out C. come up 10. Life is a journey with trouble, but with care and wisdom you can ________ any problem you face. (2017 常州) A. work out B. hand out C. find out D. put out 11. Lao She’s Teahouse ______ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years.(2017 天津) A. describes B. improves C. prepares D. corrects 12. Fresh food is good for you. But you have to _______ it first because sometimes it is a little dirty. (2017 江西) A. taste B. smell C. wash D. plant 【答案与解析】 1. A。句意:许多成功人士都具有相同的品质——无论遇到什么困难他们从不放弃。give up放弃;stay up熬夜;cheer up使……振奋,故答案为A项。 2. D。句意:他告诉记者他已经用光了买旧自行车的钱。run out of用光,用完;put away 将……收起;turn off关掉;take out拿出;use up用光,用完。根据句意,此处应该选择D 项。

动词和动词短语分类

动词和动词短语分类 [动词分类] 一、表示“使/让……”概念的动词 这类动词常见的有have,let,make,get,keep,drive,send,leave,force, cause等.它们后边分别可跟不定式,分词,形容词、介词短语,名词等作宾语补足语。 例如:I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.对不起,让你久等了。 The victory sent our spirits rising.胜利使得我们情绪高涨。 二、不定式做宾补,不定式符号可以省略的动词 常见的有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,notice,listen to,look at等感官动词及表示使役概念的have,let,mak等。这类词在变为被动语态时,其后不定式符号to通常要补出。 例如:We are made to work far into the night.我们被迫干活到深夜。注:在这种结构中,watch,have,let一般不变为被动语态。如:The boy was watched to come out。(错误) 三、不定式作宾语补足语、其后内容省略而只保留不定式符号的动词。此类动词常见的有refuse,want,intend,oblige,mean,expect,tell,hope,like,love, plan, try, prefer,wish等。 例如:-----Why did you cause the baby cry? ------I didn't mean to. 四、引导宾语从句、虚拟预期的动词。这类动词在引导宾语从句时为should+动词原形,should可以省略,这类动词有order,demend,suggest,insist, require,advise,decide,propose等。 例如:He orderd that we should do it at once. 他要求我们立即完成这项工作。 He adviced we should do more speaking practising in order to improve our English.他建议我们要想提高英语水平应多练习说话。 五、形主动、意义被动的词。常见的有work,open,close,write,cut, look,teach,operate,run,keep,burn,last等。此类词的主语常为“物”而不是“人”。而且还常与表示特征、状况、行为、方式的副词well,easily,long等连用。 例如:The clothing sells well. This kind of fruit can keep long. 六、行为动词充当系动词。这类动词不能单独构成动词词组,其后须带有表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语,不定式,V-ing,V-ed)构成系表结构,常见的有feel, sound, taste, look, smell, seem, appear, become, turn, grow, make, go, run, keep, stay, prove等。 例如:It sounded like a train that was going under my house. 听起来,象有火车在楼下飞驰而过。

英语动词的分类及基本形式

英语动词的分类及基本形式 英语动词的分类及基本形式:表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为行为动词(即Action verbs实义动词,分为及物动词和不及物动词)、系动词(The Linking Verb)、助动词(The Auxiliary Verb)和情态动词(Modal verb)四类,有些动词是兼类词。 如:We have lunch at 12. 我们12点吃午饭。(have是行为动词) We have been to New York. 我们去过纽约(have是助动词) I am hungry. 我饿了。(am是连系动词) She was beaten on the way home. 她在回家的路上被人打了。(was是助动词) You needn’t have waited for me. 你本来不必等我。(need是情态动词) The door needs painting. 这个门需要油漆了。(needs及物动词) ■动词的基本形式 绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、一般现在时(第三人称单数)、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。 A.行为动词 即实意动词,表示动作的动词。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种 及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如: I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。 “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?” Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。 Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。 2)不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:Birds fly.鸟会飞。 It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三;年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。 She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。 3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况: a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较: Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如: Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。 Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗? 4) 与汉语的比较有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况: a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如: We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.) Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.) Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去) b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。 Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务 B.系动词

专题复习之动词和动词短语

专题复习之动词和动词短语 ◇高考链接◇ 1.[2012?江西卷] We were all agreed that the cottage would________ a perfect holiday home for the family. A.make B.turn C.take D.have [解析] A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们都认为那栋小别墅可以成为这个家庭的一个极好的假日之家。make意为“使成为”,符合语境。turn意为“使改变方向,转动”;take意为“带走;需要”;have意为“有”。2.[2012?湖北卷] Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to________ our school‘s campaign “Help the Needy”,which was started by our former headmaster three years ago. A.sponsor B.launch C.organize D.plan [解析] A 考查动词。根据题意,两名律师捐赠了五万美元资助我校的“帮助需要的人”的活动,可知最佳答案为A(赞助,资助)。launch发射,发起;organize组织;plan计划;均不符合题意。 3.[2012?课标全国卷] If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will ________ her. A.persuade B.promise C.invite D.support [解析] A 考查动词词义辨析。persuade说服;promise许诺;invite 邀请;support支持。句意:如果她不想去,你说什么都不能说服她。根据句意选A。 4.[2012?福建卷] You had better ________ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. A.set aside B.take up C.put away D.give out [解析] A 考查动词短语。句意:你最好每天留出一些时间运动以保持充沛的精力。set aside留出,拨出;take up占据;put away收起来;give out分发。 5.[2012?湖北卷] Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to ________ his courage. A.hold up B.keep up C.set up D.take up [解析] B 考查动词短语。根据题意,这个男孩独自走在黑暗中,吹着口哨以保持(继续)前进的勇气,所以最佳答案为B(保持,使不低落)。

(备考2020)中考英语真题分类汇编 专题十 动词和动词短语(含解析)

专题十动词和动词短语 ()1.(2019吉林)15.We always our classroom every Friday afternoon. A. clean up B. put up C. use up 【答案】A 【解析】句意“每个周五的下午我们经常打扫我们的教室”。A.打扫;B.张贴、举起、搭建、留宿;C.用光。根据句意可知,表示“打扫教室”,故选A。与up有关的短语: bring up教育,培养cheer up使……开心 clean up打扫drink up喝光 eat up吃光end up结束 fix up修理,修补hang up挂断电话 hurry up赶快get up起床 give up放弃grow up成长,长大 look up查阅,向上看make up组成 mix up把……混合到一起open up打开 pick up捡起put up张贴,建造,举起 ring up打电话set up搭建,建立 show up出现take up开始从事 think up想出come up with想出,提出 make up one’s mind下决心 ()2.(2019辽宁省铁岭)10.My cousin volunteers in the Children's Home.His job is to food and clothes.

A. sell out B. work out C. hand out D. find out 【答案】C 【解析】句意:我表哥在“儿童之家”当义工。他的工作是分发食物和衣服。考查动词短语辨析。A. 卖光;B. 想出;C. 发放;D. 发现。根据My cousin volunteers in the Children's Home.可知hand out food and clothes符合句意,故选C。 ()3.(2019辽宁省铁岭)4.The cover of the book comfortable.It's made of silk. A. tastes B. feels C. looks D. sounds 【答案】B 【解析】句意:这本书的封面摸起来很舒服。它是丝绸做的。考查系动词辨析。A. 尝起来,表味觉;B. 感觉,表触觉;C. 看起来,表视觉;D. 听起来,表听觉。comfortable舒服的,根据It's made of silk.可知ACD三项意思都不合句意,故选B。 () 4.(2019辽宁省葫芦岛市)13.Every evening my father ______ newspapers while my mother watch es TV. A.puts up B.looks for C.gives away D.looks through 【答案】D 【解答】根据句意:每天晚上我爸爸看报纸,我妈妈看电视.结合选项,A.举起B.寻找C.分发D.浏览,选项D符合题意.故选:D. () 5.(2019辽宁省葫芦岛市)5.New energy cars have been ______ to cut down air pollution.A.discovered B.found C.invented D.refused 【答案】C 【解析】四个选项都是过去分词,该句用的是现在完成的被动语态结构,即have been done.A 表示发现,B表示找到,C表示发明,D表示拒绝.根据题干可知为了减少空气污染,发明了新能源汽车.故选:C. ()6.(2019河北)31. On the first day of Chinese New Year, we_________ new clothes and visit people.

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