美国文学诗歌

美国文学诗歌
美国文学诗歌

To My Dear and Loving Husband

By Anne Bradstreet

If ever two were one,then surely we.

If ever man were loved by wife, then thee;

If ever wife was happy in a man,

Compare with me,ye women,if you can.

I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold

Or all the riches that East doth hold.

My love is such that rivers cannot quench,

Nor ought but love from thee,give recompense. Thy love is such I can no way repay,

The heavens reward thee manifold,I pray.

Then while we live,in love let’s so persevere That when we live no more,we may live ever. Contemplations

By Anne Bradstreet

I heard the merry grasshopper then sing,

The black-clad cricket bear a second part;

They kept one tune and played on the same string Seeming to glory in their little art.

Small creatures abject thus their voices raise, And in their kind resound their Maker’s praise, Whilst I, as mute, can warble forth no higher lays? The Yellow Violet

By William Cullen Byrant When beechen buds begin to swell,

And woods the blue-bird's warble know,

The yellow violet's modest bell

Peeps from the last year's leaves below.

Ere russet field their green resume,

Sweet flower, I love, in forest bare,

To meet thee, when thy faint perfume

Alone is in the virgin air.

Of all her train, the hands of Spring

First plant thee in the snowy mould,

And I have seen thee blossoming

Beside the snow-bank's edges cold.

Thy parent sun, who bade thee view,

Pale skies, and chilling moisture sip,

Has bathed thee in his own bright hue,

And streaked with jet thy glowing lip.

Yet slight thy form, and low thy seat,

And earthward bent thy gentle eye,

Unapt the passing view to meet

When loftier flowers are flaunting nigh.

Oft, in the sunless April day,

Thy early smile has stayed my walk;

But midst the gorgeous blooms of May,

I passed thee on my humble stalk.

So, they, who climb to wealth, forget

The friends in darker fortunes tried,

I copied them - but I regret

That I should ape the ways of pride.

And when again the genial hour

Awakes the painted tribes of light,

I'll not o'erlook the modest flower

That made the woods of April bright.

A Psalm of Life

By Henry Wadsworth Longfellow What the Heart of the Young Man said to the Psalmist. Tell me not, in mournful numbers,

"Life is but an empty dream! "

for the soul is dead that slumbers,

And things are not what they seem.

Life is real! Life is earnest!

And the grave is not its goal;

"Dust thou art, to dust returnest, "

Was not spoken of the soul.

Not enjoyment, and not sorrow,

Is our destined end or way;

But to act, that each to-morrow

Find us farther than to-day.

Art is long , and Time is fleeting,

And our hearts, though stout and brave,

Still, like muffled drums, are beating

Funeral marches to the grave.

In the world's broad field of battle,

In the bivouac of Life,

Be not like dumb, driven cattle!

Be a hero in the strife!

Trust no Future,howe'er pleasant!

Let the dead Past bury its dead!

Act, -act in the living Present!

Heart within, and God o'erhead!

Lives of great men all remind us

We can make our lives sublime,

And , departing , leave behind us

Footprints on the sands of time;

Footprints, that perhaps another,

Sailing o'er life's solemn main,

A forlorn and shipwrecked brother ,

Seeing, shall take heart again.

Let us , then, be up and doing,

With a heart for any face;

Still achieving, still pursuing,

Learn to labour and to wait.

Wild Nights-Wild Nights!

By Emily Elizabeth Dickinson Wild nights! Wild nights!

Were I with thee

Wild nights should be

Our luxury!

Futile-the winds

To a heart in port—

Done with the compass-

Done with the chart!

Rowing in Eden-

Ah,the sea!

Might I but moor-

To-night in thee!

I'm Nobody! Who are you?

By Emily Dickinson I'm nobody! Who are you?

Are you--Nobody--too?

Then there's a pair of us!

Don`st tell! they'd advertise--you know!

How dreary--to be--Somebody!

How public--like a Frog--

To tell your name--the livelong June--

To an admiring Bog!

Success Is Counted Sweetest

By Emily Dickinson Success is counted sweetest

By those who ne'er succeed.

To comprehend a nectar

Requires sorest need.

Not one of all the purple host

Who took the flag to-day

Can tell the definition,

So clear, of victory!

As he, defeated, dying,

On whose forbidden ear

The distant strains of triumph

Burst agonized and clear!

O Captain! My Captain!

By Walt Whitman

O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done,

The ship has weathered every rack, the prize we sought is won,

The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,

While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;

But O heart! heart! heart!

O the bleeding drops of red,

Where on the deck my Captain lies,

Fallen cold and dead.

O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;

Rise up--for you the flag is flung--for you the bugle trills,

For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths--for you the shores accrowding, For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;

Here Captain! dear father!

This arm beneath your head!

It is some dream that on the deck

You've fallen cold and dead.

My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still,

My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will,

The ship is anchored safe and sound, its voyage closed and done, From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;

Exult O shores, and ring O bells!

But I, with mournful tread,

Walk the deck my Captain lies,

Fallen cold and dead.

Tears

By Walt Whitman

Tears! tears! tears!

In the night, in solitude, tears,

On the white shore dripping, dripping, suck'd in by the sand,

Tears, not a star shining, all dark and desolate,

Moist tears from the eyes of a muffled head;

O who is that ghost? that form in the dark, with tears?

What shapeless lump is that, bent, crouch'd there on the sand? Streaming tears, sobbing tears, throes, choked with wild cries;

O storm, embodied, rising, careering with swift steps along the beach!

O wild and dismal night storm, with wind--O belching and desperate!

O shade so sedate and decorous by day, with calm countenance and regulated pace,

But away at night as you fly, none looking--O then the unloosen'd ocean, Of tears! tears! tears!

One's-Self I Sing

By Walt Whitman

One's-Self I sing, a simple separate person,

Yet utter the word Democratic, the word En-Masse.

Of physiology from top to toe I sing,

Not physiognomy alone nor brain alone is worthy for the Muse,

I say the Form complete is worthier far,

The Female equally with the Male I sing.

Of Life immense in passion, pulse, and power,

Cheerful, for freest action form'd under the laws divine,

The Modern Man I sing.

To Helen

By Edgar Allan Poe

Helen, thy beauty is to me

Like those Nicean barks of yore,

That gently, o'er a perfumed sea,

The weary, wayworn wanderer bore

To his own native shore.

On desperate seas long wont to roam,

Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face,

Thy Naiad airs have brought me home

To the glory that was Greece

And the grandeur that was Rome.

Lo! in yon brilliant window-niche

How statue-like I see thee stand,

The agate lamp within thy hand!

Ah, Psyche, from the regions which

Are Holy Land!

The Raven

By Edgar Allan Poe

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weakry. Over many a quint and curious volume of forgotten lore.

While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,

As of some one rapping, rapping at my chamber door.

"'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door--

Only this, and nothing more."

Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,

And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow; -vainly I had tried to borrow

From my books surcease of sorrow-sorrow for the lost Lenore-

For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore- Nameless here for evermore

And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain Thrilled me-filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;

So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating

" ' Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door-

Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door;-

This it is and nothing more.

Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer, "Sir," said I, "or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;

But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,

And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door, That I scarce was sure I heard you"--here I opened wide the door; Darkness there, and nothing more.

Deep into that: darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing

Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before; But the silence was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token,

And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, "Lenore!" This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, " Lenore! " Merely this, and nothing more.

Then into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning, Soon I heard again a tapping somewhat louder than before. "Surely," said I, "surely that is something at my window lattice;

Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore-

Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore;

'Tis the wind, and nothing more!

Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter.

In there stepped a stately raven of the saintly days of yore;

Not the least obeisance made he; not an instant stopped or stayed he; But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door- Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber door- Perched, and sat, and nothing more.

Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,

By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore, "Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou," I said, "art sure no craven,

Ghastly grim and ancient raven wandering from the Nightly shore- Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night ' s Plutonian shore!" Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "

Much I marveled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly, Though its answer little meaning-little relevancy hore;

For we cannot help agreeing that no sublunary being

Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door-

Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above I us chamber door,

With such mime as "Nevermore.”

But the raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only

That one word, as if his soul in that ill~ word he did outpour. Nothing farther then he uttered-not a feather then he fluttered-

Till I scarcely more than muttered, "Other friends have flown before- On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before. " Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "

Wondering at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken, "Doubtless," said I, "what it utters is its only stock and store," Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster Followed fast and followed fastel-so, when Hope he would adjure, Stern Despair returned, instead of the sweet Hope he dared adjure- That sad answer, "Nevermore!"

But the raven still beguiling all my sad soul into smiling,

Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird, and bust, and door;

Then upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking

Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore-

What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore Meant in croaking "Nevermore. "

This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing

To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core;

This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining

On the cushion's velvet lining that the lamplight gloated o'er,

But whose velvet violet lining with the lamplight gloating o'er,

She shall press, ah, nevermore!

Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer Swung by angels whose faint foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor. "Wretch," I cried, "thy God hath lent thee-by these angels he hath sent thee

Respite-respite and Nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore!

Let me quaff this kind Nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!"

Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "

"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil! -prophet still, if bird or devil! - Whether Tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore, Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted-

On this home by Horror haunted-tell me truly, I implore-

Is there-is there balm in Gilead?-tell me-tell me, I implore!"

Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "

"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil! -prophet still, if bird or devil!

By that Heaven that bends above us-by that God we both adore-

Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn,

It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore-

Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore.

Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "

"Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!" I shrieked, upstarting-

"Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's plutonian shore! Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken! Leave my loneliness unbroken! -quit the bust above my door!

Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door! " Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "

And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting

On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;

And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon that is dreaming,

And the lamp-light o' er him streaming throve his shadow on the floor; And my soul from out chat shadow that lies floating on the floor

Shall be lifted-nevermore!

英美诗歌翻译整理

《英美诗歌》小明讲过的诗歌 1.据说莎翁的作品、《西风颂》、艾伦?金斯堡的《嚎叫》以及艾略特的《荒原》是不考的。 2.这里所提供的翻译也是仅供参考,因为版本实在是很多,不过下面列出大多都是小明在课上提 过的翻译版本。 3.这份翻译是不才花了几天时间整理的,有可能睡眼惺忪之下漏了哪一首。缺漏之处,还望提醒 哈!O(∩_∩)O~ By:张小婕 1. P1 马洛《热情的牧羊人致他的恋人》 The Passionate Shepherd to His Love by Christopher Marlowe Come live with me & be my love,请来与我同住,做我的情人, And we will all the pleasure prove我们要享受所有的欢乐 That valleys, groves, hills, and fields,而那些幽谷,果园,小山,原野, Woods, or steepy mountain yields.森林,或是嶙峋的山峰,都将为我们歌唱。 And we will sit upon the rocks,我们要坐在高高的岩石上, Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,看那牧羊人悠闲的放牧着羊群, By shallow rivers to whole falls伴随着河水流动的潺潺乐声, Melodious birds sing madrigals.欢乐的小鸟也会为我们唱出美妙动人的歌儿。 And I will make thee beds of roses我要为你献上玫瑰的花床 And a thousand fragrant posies,和千百束芬香的花束, A cap of flowers, and a kirtle以及高贵的花冠, Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle;和绣满姚金娘叶子的长裙; A gown made of the finest wool我要用小羊羔身上最好的羊毛 Which from our pretty lambs we pull;为你织就美丽的长袍; Fair lined slippers for the cold,我要为你制作有着漂亮衬里 With buckles of the purest gold;以及纯金钮扣的拖鞋; A belt of straw & ivy buds,我愿用那饰以珊瑚搭扣、琥珀饰钉的 With coral clasps and amber studs:常春藤腰带来装点你的美丽: And if these pleasures my thee move,如果这样的快乐能够打动你的心, Come live with me, and be my love.就请你来与我同住,做我的情人。 The shepherds’ swains shall dance & sing在五月的每个早晨,前来求亲的 For thy delights each May morning;牧羊人们都会为你载歌载舞; If these delights thy mind may move,如果这样的欢乐能够使你动心, Then live with me & be my love.那么请你与我同住,做我的情人。 本诗介绍 ―The Passionate Shepherd to His Love‖这首短诗是英国文学诗中最优美的抒情诗。它继承了田园抒情诗的风格。诗中的牧羊人享受着乡村生活,酝酿着对爱人的纯洁感情。通过描写恋人们在无世事尘嚣干扰的山野怀抱中生活,作者传达了一种不可言传的真情。 作者简介

英国诗歌欣赏期末考试题(附答案)

I.Multiple Choice 1.To commerate the death of his young wife, __________wrote the poem Annabel Lee. a. D.H. Lawrence b. John Milton c. Philip Phreneau d. Edgar Allan Poe 2. In Leisure, ____________ thinks that it is a poor life if “we have no time to stand and stare” a. John Keats b. William Henry Davies c. Alexander Pope d. John Donne 3.. In Amy Lowell’s Falling Snow, the poet says that “When the temple bell rings again/ they will be covered and gone”. “They” here refers to ______ a. the wooden clogs b. footprints c. the pilgrims d. none of the above 4. The “busy archer”in Philip Sydney’s To the Moon refers to____ a. the poet himself b. Cupid c. a comrade-in-arms of the poet d. none of the above 5. “Act____act in the glorious present”is perphaps the most soul-stirring line in _________’s poem A Psalm of Life. a. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow b. Percy Bissy Shelly c. Walt Whitman d. Carl Sandburg 6. In Song of the Rain, _________ paints a rosy picture of happy family life where the poet is “Safe in the House with my boyhood love/ And our children are asleep in the attic above”. a. Kenneth Mackenzie b. Carl Sandburg c. Hugh MacCrae d. Jerard Manley Hopkins 7. “Day brought back my night”is a well-praised phrase from __________’s On His Deceased Wife. a. Edgar Allan Poe b. Robert Frost c. John Milton d. Philip Sydney 8. In James Shirley’s poem Death the Leveller, the word “leveller” means a. something that reduces everything to nothing b. something that brings equality to all c. something that levels the ground d. none of the abov e. 9. What does “Fire” in Robert Frost’s poem Fire and Ice symbolize? a. war b. anger c. love d. desire 10. In John Keat’s poem The Terror of Death, the phrase “unreflecting love” means a. love without calculation b. love without preparation c. love never thought of d. love involving many considerations II.Blank Filling 1.One word is too often ________, For me to ________ it One feeling is too ______distained, For ______ to distain it .

美国文学史学习指南中文翻译HermanMelvill

美国文学史学习指南中文 翻译H e r m a n M e l v i l l Last revision on 21 December 2020

《白鲸》赫尔曼·梅尔维尔 美国文学简史 有些十九世纪伟大作家的创作生涯在他谈论起了是相当有趣的。梭罗和迪金森在当时没有读者,坡和惠特曼被人误解,麦尔维尔由于忠于自己的风格,当时也没有受到重视。他不像梭罗和迪金森那样对此满不在乎,而是常常因此痛苦万分,与惠特曼相比,他有生之年甚至完全没有得到人们的肯定。 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的童年是快乐的,但在他11岁时,父亲去世,留下了一大笔债。麦尔维尔很早就开始工作了,没有受过什么教育。他做过银行职员、商人、老师,还在叔叔的农场帮过忙。这些日子都没有让他过上好日子。在20岁左右的时候他做了海员。麦尔维尔的人生中有三件事应当引起我们的特别注意,出海就是其中一件事,另外两件事分别是他的婚姻和与霍桑的友谊。但是普通的水手是工人阶级的最底层,而麦尔维尔不过是个捕鲸手,而捕鲸手有事水手里地位最低的。但和马克·吐温一样,麦尔维尔由此了解到最底层人民的生活。麦尔维尔去过英国的利物浦和南太平洋,他的青年时光所经历的事情对普通人来说是相当严酷,但是他在海上的经历却使他受益匪浅,为他的小说提供了丰富的素材。 麦尔维尔的婚姻生活与马克·吐温稍有不同,倒是与菲茨杰拉德更为相似。这是三位作家区的太太的地位都比自己高,但只有马克·吐温一人获得了太太的理解与支持。麦尔维尔和菲茨杰拉德都为了挣钱满足太太奢华的生活而写了很多粗罗德文学作品。麦尔维尔区的市一位有钱的法官的女儿,伊丽莎白·肖。为了供养太太和人数不断增多的家庭,麦尔维尔不得不靠写作为生,在当时的情况下,靠写作谋生是极其不易的,更何况麦尔维尔又是一位醉心文学的艺术家。麦尔维尔曾经经济上非常窘迫,直到年迈塔菜不为这个问题操心。

英国文学译文

第一部分:早期和中世纪英国文学 第一章:英国的组成 1、大不列颠人(英国人) 在开始学习英国文学史之前,了解一下英国这个民族是很必要的。英国这个民族是一个混血族。早期居住在这个岛上的居民是凯尔特人的一个部落,我们现在称它为大不列颠人。大不列颠人把这个岛屿命名为大不列颠岛,凯尔特人是其原始居民。他们分为几十个小部落,每个部落都以小屋群居为主。“最古老的凯尔特人法律今天归结起来显示出氏族任然充满着生命力”。英国人曾生活在部落社会。 2、罗马人的占领 在公元前55年,大不列颠岛被罗马征服者凯撒入侵,而这时的凯撒刚刚占领了高卢。但是罗马人刚登上大不列颠岛海岸时,就遭到了在首领领导下的大不列颠人的狮子般疯狂的反击,随着罗马将领来来往往的这个世纪,直到公元78年英国从被于罗马帝国完全征服过。伴随着罗马人的侵略占领,罗马式的生活方式也开始融入英国。罗马式剧院和澡堂很快的在城镇中兴起。而这些高雅的文明只不过是罗马侵略者的娱乐享受方式罢了,大不列颠人民却像奴隶一样被压迫着。罗马人的占领持续了将近400年,在这期间,罗马人因其军事目的在岛上修建了后来被称之为罗马路的纵横交错的公路,这些公路在后期发展中起到了很大的作用。沿着这些公路开始建立起大量的城镇,伦敦就是其中之一,开始成为重要的贸易中心城市。罗马的占领也带来了基督教文化。但是在15世纪初期,罗马帝国处于逐渐的衰落阶段。公元410年,所有罗马军队撤回欧洲大陆再也没有返回。因此,也标志这罗马人占领的结束。 3、英国人的占领 同时,大不列颠也被成群的海盗给侵略着。他们是来自北欧的三个部落:盎格鲁人,撒克逊人和朱特人民族。这三个部落在大不列颠海岸登路,把大不列颠人民赶到西部和北部,然后自己定居下来。朱特人占领了岛屿东南部的肯特。撒克逊人占领了岛屿南部地区,并建立起像韦塞克斯,埃塞克斯和东萨塞克斯这样的小王国。盎格鲁人席卷了东部中部地区,并在东英吉利亚建立王国。七个像这样的王国在大不列颠岛上逐渐出现。到公元7世纪,这些小王国开始合并成为今天称为英格兰的统一王国,或被称作盎格鲁人之国。这三个部落的人混合在一起,被称为今天的英国人,而盎格鲁人占绝大多数。他们说的三种方言自然而然的发展成为一种语言——盎格鲁撒克逊,或者古英语,和今天我们所说的英语有着很大的区别。 4、盎格鲁撒克逊人的社会状况 在盎格鲁撒克逊人定居在大不列颠之前,他们仍过着部落式生活。家庭成员以亲属关系联合在一起,分别定居在不同的村落。主要的战争乐团由年轻人组成,勇士们食用族长的食物与其分享战利品。虽然说族长有权决定他子民的生死,但是将在外难免军令有所不受。他熟悉他的每一个士兵,和他们一起吃喝玩乐。这就是当时盎格鲁人称作为“氏族军事民主”。 在占领大不列颠后,盎格鲁撒克逊的社会形态发生了巨大的变化。“我们知道,统治管理未屈服的人民是与非犹太人的法令相违背的……因此,非犹太人社会体系需要改革成为国家机关……首先,征服者代表必须是军事指挥官,被占领地区的内外安全需要加强指挥官的权利。这样,军事领导权转变成君权的时刻到来。一切以成定局。因此,盎格鲁撒克逊时期见证了英国由部落社会向封建社会转变的过程。 5、盎格鲁撒克逊人的宗教信仰以及其影响 盎格鲁撒克逊人是异教徒。他们信奉北欧的古老神话传说。那就是为什么北欧神话学说在英语这门语言中留下痕迹的原因。例如,一周中的天数就是由北神命名的。奥丁,我们所说的神,星期三以他的名字命名,星期四以托尔的名字命名,美丽女神弗丽嘉,祈祷者以她的名字命名星期五。星期二则是为了纪念另一个北欧之神--蒂乌。

英国文学选读一考试大题必备 重点题目分析(人物分析 诗歌分析 三大主义)

Hamlet is the first work of literature to look squarely at the stupidity, falsity and sham of everyday life, without laughing and without easy answers. In a world where things are not as they seem, Hamlet…s genuineness, thoughtfulness, and sincerity make him special. Hamlet is no saint. But unlike most of the other characters (and most people today), Hamlet chooses not to compromise with evil. Dying, Hamlet reaffirms the tragic dignity of a basically decent person in a bad world Hamlet is the first work of literature to show an ordinary person looking at the futility and wrongs in life, asking the toughest questions and coming up with honest semi-answers like most people do today. Unlike so much of popular culture today, "Hamlet" leaves us with the message that life is indeed worth living, even by imperfect people in an imperfect world. 犹豫scholars have debated for centuries about Hamlet's hesitation in killing his uncle. Some see it as a plot device to prolong the action, and others see it as the result of pressure exerted by the complex philosophical and ethical issues that surround cold-blooded murder, calculated revenge and thwarted desire. More recently, psychoanalytic critics have examined Hamlet's unconscious desires (Freud concludes that Hamlet has an "Oedipal desire for his mother and the subsequent guilt [is] preventing him from murdering the man [Claudius] who has done what he unconsciously wanted to do". Robinson Crusoe is a grand hero in westerners? eyes. He survived in the deserted island and lived a meaningful life. He almost has everything needed for becoming a successful man, such as his excellent creativity, great working capacity, courage, and persistence in overcoming obstacles. But he has shortcomings, too. Sometimes he was irresolute; he was not confident; he was fetishistic, although his belief had done him much good. He serves somehow as a lighthouse for the ambitious people. It?s also instructive for average people. Robinson was the representative of the bourgeois of the 18th C. It was the time when bourgeois grew stronger and stronger. The author Defoe paid a tribute to bourgeois by creating such a rational, powerful, clever, and successful man. 【Themes of Robinson Crusoe】 1. The ambivalence of mastery In short, while Crusoe seems praiseworthy in mastering his fate by overcoming his obstacles, and controlling his environment, the praiseworthiness of his mastery over his fellow human Friday is more doubtful. Defoe explores the link between the two in his depiction of the colonial mind. 2. The necessity of Repentance Crusoe?s experiences constitute not simply an adventure story in which thrilling things happen, but also a moral tale illustrating the right and wrong ways to live one?s life. Crusoe?s story instruct s others in God?s wisdom, and one vital part of this wisdom is the importance of repenting one?s sins. 3. The Importance of Self-Awareness Crusoe?s arrival on the island does not make him revert to a brute existence and he remains conscious of himself at all times. His island existence actually deepens his self-awareness as he withdraws from the external society and turns inward. The idea that the individual must keep a careful reckoning of the state of his own soul is a key point in the Presbyterian doctrine that the aothor took seriously all his life. ·Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte The protagonist and title character, orphaned as a baby. She is a plain-featured, small and reserved but talented, sympathetic, hard-working, honest and passionate girl. Skilled at studying, drawing, and teaching, she works as a governess at Thornfield Hall and falls in love with her wealthy employer, Edward Rochester. But her strong sense of conscience does not permit her to become his mistress, and she does not return to him until his insane wife is dead and she herself has come into an inheritance. 【Themes of Jane Eyre】 1. Gender relations A particularly important theme in the novel is patriarchalism and Jane…s efforts to assert her own identity within male-dominated society. Among the three of the main male characters,

美国文学14讲-诗歌赏析

3 The Wild Honey Suckle(P29) The Wild Honey Suckle Philip Freneau Fair flower, that dost so comely grow, Hid in this silent, dull retreat, Untouched thy honied blossoms blow, Unseen thy little branches greet: No roving foot shall crush thee here, No busy hand provoke a tear. By Nature's self in whitearrayed, She bade thee shun the vulgar eye, And planted here the guardian shade, And sent soft waters murmuring by; Thus quietly thy summer goes, Thy days declining to repose, Smit with those charms, that must decay, I grieve to see your future doom; They died - nor were those flowers more gay, The flowers that did in Eden bloom;

Unpitying frosts, and Autumn's power Shall leave no vestige of this flower. From morning suns and evening dews At first thy little being came: If nothing once, you nothing lose, For when you die you are the same; The space between, is but an hour, The frail duration of a flower. 1st stanza: The honey suckle lives an obscure, unknown, forgotten, serene, and safe life. 2nd stanza:The pure, innocent honey suckle is not contaminated by the vulgar eye of people and protected, embraced, and nurtured by Nature. 3rd stanza: grief upon the flower’s death 4th stanza: nothing gained, nothing lost 4. Success is counted sweetest

新编英国文学选读(上册)翻译

英国文学史(上册) 第一章安格鲁—撒克逊时期(450—1066) 1.历史背景 不列颠群岛最早的居民是凯尔特人,他们最初居住在莱茵河上游地区,大约在公元前600年,他们移居到了不列颠群岛。在大约公元前400到公元前300年时,凯尔特人的一个分支——布立吞人,来到了不列颠群岛,“不列颠”这个名字便是由他们所取。凯尔特人的文化属于铁器文化的早期阶段,他们知道如何铸造铁剑和种植庄稼。关于他们的信仰,我们所知甚少,但是我们能了解到他们五月节的宗教典礼和槲寄生(一种植物)的祭奠仪式,这些已经成为英国人民民族传统的一部分。 从公元前55年到公元407年,不列颠群岛在罗马帝国的统治之下。那时,罗马帝国是奴隶社会,它统治了整个欧洲,并且有很高的文明水平。罗马人打败了凯尔特人,成为了不列颠群岛的主人,伦敦就是在罗马人的统治时期内建成的。 第一个来到不列颠的罗马将领是著名的尤里乌斯.凯撒,公元55年,在他取得高卢战役的胜利后,带领一万名士兵跨过英吉利海峡来到那里。但是他只在哪儿待了几个星期,虽然他在第二年又来到了不列颠,他并没有在岛上驻扎军队,因为他当时正忙于平息欧洲大陆的叛乱,还有罗马帝国的内战。在罗马人对不列颠扩大征服之前,就这样过去了一个世纪。罗马人统治了不列颠三个半世纪,他们筑寺庙、修大路、砌城墙、建军营,但是,对凯尔特人的文化生活却影响不大。他们建成了四、五十个城邑,如今无论何时,如果你在英国听到一个城镇的名字是以“切斯特”或“卡斯特”结尾的,那么毫无疑问,它一定是坐落在一个罗马军队曾经的屯兵之地上。因为这样的词来源于拉丁语“卡斯楚”,它的意思是“要塞、堡垒”。大部分我们所知道的罗马统治时期的不列颠,都来源于凯撒的《高卢战记》,和普布里乌斯?克奈里乌斯?塔西佗的《日耳曼尼亚志》。 大约公元450年,大批的安格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人入侵不列颠群岛,他们定居在英格兰,把凯尔特人赶往威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰等周边地区。安格鲁人和撒克逊人是日耳曼部落,他们占据着易北河的两岸,也就是现在丹麦和德国的地方,这两个部族之间的语言也大致相同。从他们特有的的部族名字我们可以得知他们是非常勇敢的海上民族。古散克逊语“安古尔”意思是“钩子”,从中我们可以得知他们住在海边,以捕鱼为生。而“撒克逊”这个名字则源于“希克斯”,意思是短剑,从这个名字我们可以判断他们是坚强勇敢的战士。尽管遭到凯尔特人的奋勇抵抗,安格鲁—散克逊人最终还是将他们击败,成了不列颠群岛的新主人,也是现在英国人的祖先。 在大约公元500年,在对抗韦塞克斯王国的建立者——国王瑟迪克的过程中,一个传奇人物,凯尔特人的亚瑟王,名声大噪。在都城索美塞特夏,他的宫殿卡米洛特,亚瑟王召集了一批最勇敢的追随者,也就是著名的圆桌骑士。他为他的王国同安格鲁—撒克逊侵略者英勇作战了24年,后来他的故事也成了英国骑士文学的题材。 在从欧洲大陆移民之前,安格鲁—撒克逊人明显还处在部落社会的晚期,在他们移往不列颠之后,部落社会逐渐解体,封建社会开始形成。在将近公元6世纪时,在英格兰已经有7个较大的王国。 从8世纪后期开始,丹麦人,也就是维京人,开始入侵英格兰,起先只是沿着东海岸,

20世纪美国诗人

《春天及其他》是美国诗人威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯所创作的一首现代诗。这首诗描写早春景象,和我们熟悉的传统诗文里柔美、明媚的春天形象不同。诗人笔下的春天,肮脏,杂乱,“没有生气”,“目光昏眩”,并不能给读者带来感官的愉悦。可以说,诗人写的不是已经大肆铺展开的春天,而是包孕着无限生机、无限可能的春天,它不那么甜美、可爱,还残留着冬天的痕迹,而这正是乡野早春的本来面目。 蓝天之下汹涌云彩 斑驳着从东北吹来 通往传染病院的路上 一阵冷风改变了视线方向 远处,大片开阔洪荒之地 褐色的草木一岁一枯荣 间或有一块一块死水 到处是高大的树木

路上低矮树丛枝条斜横 红的紫的叉开的直立的 许多小树下面 是枯萎的昏黄的树叶 和脱尽叶子的藤蔓 景色呆滞了无生气 然后春天却慢悠悠地来了 春天赤裸裸地进入新世界 寒冷之中义无反顾 四周的早已不大在乎 依然刮着熟悉的寒风 眼下,草地返青了,明天 野萝卜将吐出坚实的芽胞 万物将逐个展露芳容 迅速抽芽,模样清晰,叶子呈现轮廓 然而现在,是一派庄严的 初春景象–深刻的变化已经

降临人间:扎下根去 使劲向下伸展,大地开始苏醒 《火与冰》——罗伯特·弗罗斯特余光中先生译: 有人说世界将毁灭于火, 有人说毁灭于冰。 根据我对于欲望的体验, 我同意毁灭于火的观点。 但如果它必须毁灭两次。 则我想我对恨有足够的认识。 可以说在破坏一方面, 冰,

也同样伟大, 且能够胜任。 绝大多数读过弗罗斯特《火与冰》的人都同意劳伦斯?汤姆森的观点,这首诗简洁得不可思议,呈现了弗罗斯特的“一种新的风格,语调,习惯,与形式”。汤姆森认为《火与冰》暗示了“爱或激情的热与恨的冷”有毁灭性力量,令人感觉到“这两个极端包括了生活的一切,而生活就是居于这两者之间的,以及被这两者冲走的一切的集合”。但是再仔细看一看,会发现这诗在结构,风格与主题上,都可以说是但丁《地狱篇》精华式的出色浓缩。如此,它表现了一种比爱与恨这两个极端还要深刻的反差。和但丁一样,弗罗斯特依循了亚里斯多德的看法,把恨谴责为远比欲望更坏的东西。 在最明显的,形式的层面,《火与冰》有九行,与但丁的九层地狱相对应。虽然弗罗斯特的诗并不完全是但丁地狱的漏斗形,结尾的部分确实变窄了,弗罗斯特将前面四

英国诗歌赏析1(本科)

Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare S hall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And of ten is his gold complexion dimm’d; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or n ature’s changing course untrimm’d; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; N or shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee Selected Metaphysical poems by John Donne I. THE FLEA Mark but this flea, and mark in this, How little that which thou deniest me is ; It suck'd me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be. Thou know'st that this cannot be said A sin, nor shame, nor loss of maidenhead; Yet this enjoys before it woo, And pamper'd swells with one blood made of two ; And this, alas ! is more than we would do. O stay, three lives in one flea spare, Where we almost, yea, more than married are. This flea is you and I, and this Our marriage bed, and marriage temple is. Though parents grudge, and you, we're met, And cloister'd in these living walls of jet. Though use make you apt to kill me, Let not to that self-murder added be, And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.

英国文学课文翻译

She walks in beauty 第一诗节:首先描写夫人的步态。“She walks in beauty, like the night of cloudless climes and starry skies”用头韵、明喻等手法,塑造了一个鲜明的艺术形象。诗人把夫人的从容缓步与皎洁无云、满天繁星的夜晚相映衬,以浪漫主义笔触将这种美与大自然融为一体。“Thus mellow’d to that tender light / Which heaven to gaudy day denies”描写夫人的仪容与秋波,她的美色泽柔和。 第二诗节:诗人继续围绕美的内涵,延伸美的意境。“One shade the more, one ray the less/ Has half impair’d the nameless grace”对夫人的美做了高度赞美。诗句中的“waves”和“lightens”,将抽象的美具体化。美能飞舞在发上,在夫人的脸上放出光彩。美便有了生命。 第三诗节:从夫人面颊的美深入到她内心的美。“So soft, so calm, yet eloquent”生动地表现出夫人性情温柔沉静。前四行赞美夫人的容颜、微笑等外在美;后两行表现的是夫人的本质美。“A mind at peace with all below,/ A heart whose love is innocent”外在美与内在美完美结合。She walks in beauty,like the night美人缓行如夜移, Of cloudless climes and starry skies; 清空无云动繁星; And all that'best of dark and bright明丽晦深潜交影,Meet in her aspect and her eyes;凝妆娇容汇眸情;Thus mellow'd to that tender light融融月色柔极致,Which heaven to gaudy day denies耀目昼曦难相映.One shade the more,one ray the less,明暗一丝难增减, Had half impair'd the nameless grace莫明优雅易折失.Which waves in every raven tress, 万缕金泽溢雅致,Or softly lightens o'er her face;芙蓉颜面泛灵滋; Where thoughts serenely sweet express适逸安恬若有思,How pure,how dear their dwelling-place.清纯高洁显心志. And on that cheek, and o'er that brow,秀颊柔美多沉静,So soft, so clam, yet eloquent柳眉动人语无声; The smiles that win, the tins that glow,迷人笑嫣光彩焕, But tell of days in goodness spent, 似隐似现年华生.A mind at peace with all below,人间万事平心待,A heart whose love is innocent!痴心一片仍天真. 西风颂珀西·比西·雪莱哦,狂暴的西风,秋之生命的呼吸!你无形,但枯死的落叶被你横扫,有如鬼魅碰到了巫师,纷纷逃避:黄的,黑的,灰的,红得像患肺痨,呵,重染疫疠的一群:西风呵,是你以车驾把有翼的种子催送到黑暗的冬床上,它们就躺在那里,像是墓中的死穴,冰冷,深藏,低贱,直等到春天,你碧空的姊妹吹起她的喇叭,在沉睡的大地上响遍,(唤出嫩芽,像羊群一样,觅食空中)将色和香充满了山峰和平原。不羁的精灵呵,你无处不远行;破坏者兼保护者:听吧,你且聆听!没入你的急流,当高空一片混乱,流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。成为雨和电的使者:它们飘落在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面,有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁,从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿直抵九霄的中天,到处都在摇曳欲来雷雨的卷发,对濒死的一年你唱出了葬歌,而这密集的黑夜将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶,里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结;那是你的浑然之气,从它会迸涌黑色的雨,冰雹和火焰:哦,你听!是你,你将蓝色的地中海唤醒,而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天,被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦,就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边,它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁在水天辉映的波影里抖颤,而且都生满青苔、开满花朵,那芬芳真迷人欲醉!呵,为了给你让一条路,大西洋的汹涌的浪波把自己向两边劈开,而深在渊底那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林虽然枝叶扶疏,却没有精力;听到你的声音,它们已吓得发青:一边颤栗,一边自动萎缩:哦,你听!哎,假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起,假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾,是一个波浪,和你的威力同喘息,假如我分有你的脉搏,仅仅不如你那么自由,哦,无法约束的生命!假如我能像在少年时,凌风而舞便成了你的伴侣,悠游天空(因为呵,那时候,要想追你上云霄,似乎并非梦幻),我就不致像如今这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。哦,举起我吧,当我是水波、树叶、浮云!我跌在生活底荆

世界名诗欣赏

The Appreciation of Emerson’ poems ——从超验主义到拉夫·瓦尔多·爱默生的诗歌1 ——翻译and 赏析 沐浴诗风,犹知诗意,晓诗理,揣诗情。”T he Appreciate of World Famous Poems”的学习已有些时日。还记得学习开始前,接触得更多的是已经翻译好的中文文字,学习开始后,跟着吴笛老师徜徉在英文诗歌的海洋里,分析诗歌的格调,鉴赏其韵律,剖析诗人的作诗情感及文化的启迪。渐渐的,对诗歌在不同国别,不同文化下的形态,知晓了更多,也理解了更多。 课余无聊的时间里,从图书馆借了本诗集,以充实无趣的时光。从最初的苦涩不懂,到寻着老师的方法慢慢赏析,也渐渐喜欢上在诗中徜徉的感觉,体味诗人在诗中蕴藏的喜怒哀乐和情思智理,也如曾经在阳光下品读中国古诗词曲一样。 许是十几年来中国式鉴赏思维的作怪,每每读完一首诗,我总会想象诗人作诗的情景,在意诗里传递的深意,也会刻意地寻找作诗者的一些生平,会将诗和诗人一起喜爱。 众多诗歌诗人中,说上喜欢的那是多不可计,最后,我选择了美国诗人拉夫·瓦尔多·爱默生,超验派运动领袖作为我的论文题材,其中又选择了他的两首短诗,尝试着翻译,和分析:诗一:”Faith”;诗二:”The Rhodora On Being Asked, Whence Is the Flower”。并且,欲中西法结合,以之西,从结构、诗体、韵律上鉴赏,以之中,结合我过古诗词的赏析方法以做欣赏。 首先,先谈谈超验派,引用吴老师书中的话:超验主义推崇直觉,认为人能超越感觉和理性而直接认识真理。这为调动人的主观能动性、反对清教徒的思想束缚、抒发个人情感的浪漫主义文学提供了思想基础。也就是说,超验主义,作为19世纪末,20世纪初成长在美国的一种新兴主义形式,其实也是浪漫主义的一种延伸发展,注重人自身的发展,强调人生而有之的情感,推崇思想上的自由,以精神为至上,但它也更理性现实,可能也正是生长在美国那片自由和律理并存的土地,才造就了如此一个自由浪漫的诗学流派。 当然,论文的主人翁是拉夫·瓦尔多·爱默生,这个超验派的领袖,可想,他却是成长在一个教士的家庭,也曾身作牧师。可能正是有了深刻的经历,让他更清楚的明白教会思想给人的深重束缚,他才如此迫切、激烈的想冲出这拉扯着人自由思想的枷锁。而他的诗作,也是独树一帜,没有一味的模仿欧洲诗歌的模式,也不求完美的形式和华丽的辞藻,着眼于现实,连接自己的国家,更关注思想和内容上的升华,简洁、精炼的语言总能给人富有哲理的启迪。不仅如此,美国南北战争时期,他支持林肯政府,主张废除奴隶制度。 读爱默生的诗,就已经欣喜于诗中传递的正能量,再而看了他的生平,更是对此人敬佩不已。就是喜欢这样阳光鼓舞的诗,就是喜欢这样大气热情的诗人。多少篇爱默生的诗里挑出的两首小短诗,逆境中依旧坚忍不拔的faith,黯淡角落依旧美丽的杜鹃,也 1《美国诗集选》

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