【英语】高考英语阅读理解(时文广告)试题(有答案和解析)

【英语】高考英语阅读理解(时文广告)试题(有答案和解析)

一、高中英语阅读理解时文广告类

1．阅读理解

Active Challenge

Weight loss camp for girls aged 13-18 in Canada

Active Challenge is a weight loss program specially for young women. The burden of being overweight is heavier than just the extra pounds. We use outdoor adventures to challenge the girls, to give them something to draw strength from.

Because you'll be losing weight alongside young women just like you, you'll find no one laughing at you and you'll help each other. At Active Challenge you'll make lifelong friends with young women of your own age and learn to love new adventurous activities.

Unlike any other weight loss program, Active Challenge is designed so you'll lose weight and have the strategies (策略) and skills to keep the weight off forever. Active Challenge does not put you on a diet. We follow the Canada Food Guide to healthy eating and exercise appropriate portion (一份) control. We help you develop healthy habits.

The staff at Active Challenge combine experienced outdoor adventure professionals with highly qualified clinicians. All of us are absolutely devoted to helping you achieve lasting behavioral change and weight loss. Most of all, we are devoted to having a great time doing it.

Pre-Camp: Upon registration (注册) in Active Challenge, a registration package will besent out to you with forms to be completed before camping as well as program preparation materials an introduction to Active Challenge and pre-program personal challenging assignments (任务) to get you on your way toward a healthier self.

Post-Camp: Our post program is designed to keep you focused and remind you of the goals that you set during the camp. After the camp ends we will send you home with your personal meal and exercise plan and keep in touch with you for a full three months through letters, emails and phone calls, tracking your progress and giving you strategies and support.

（1）Outdoor adventurous activities are held for girls _____.

A. to follow a good diet

B. to lose weight quickly

C. to build up their health

D. to make them stronger

（2）How will girls feel about the atmosphere at Active Challenge?

A. Lonely but safe.

B. Cold but exciting.

C. Friendly and supportive.

D. Competitive and challenging.

（3）After registration, girls_____.

A. should go to buy the program preparation materials

B. will be informed how to get prepared for the program

C. should learn some skills and strategies to lose weight

D. will have to finish some challenging assignments at home

（4）The post-camp help will last_____.

A.until the end of November

B.until the beginning of the next year

C.until girls achieve success in their lives

D.until girls can keep their weight off forever

（5）What is the main purpose of the text?

A.To explain why Active Challenge is popular.

B.To share skills and strategies of losing weight.

C.To show how important losing weight is.

D.To invite girls to join in Active Challenge.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

（5）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一则广告，介绍了一个专为加拿大年轻女性举办的减肥夏令营，详细描述了夏令营包括的活动，及对年轻女性的帮助。

（1）考查细节理解。根据图框下第一段中的“We use outdoor adventures to challenge the girls, to give them something to draw strength from.”我们用户外冒险来挑战女孩们，给她们力量）可知，野外冒险训练使女孩们增强力量。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据图框下第二段中的“Because you'll be los ing weight alongside young women just like you, you'll find no one laughing at you and you'll help each other. At Active Challenge you'll make lifelong friends with young women of your own age and learn to love new adventurous activities.”可知，在这个减肥训练营中，营员们之间是友好的和相互支持的。由此推知，年轻女性会认为这个夏令营氛围是友好及支持性的。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Pre-camp部分中的“Upon registration (注册) in Active Challenge, a registration package will be sent out to you with forms to be completed before camping as well as program preparation materials, an introduction to Active Challenge and pre-program personal challenging assignments (任务) to get you on your way toward a healthier self. ”一旦你注册了Active Challenge，我们会发给你一个注册包，里面有露营前需要填写的表格和项目准备材料，还有Active Challenge的介绍和项目前的个人挑战作业，让你朝着更健康的自我前进）可知，注册后，女孩将被告知如何准备该项目。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“After the camp ends we will send you home with your personal meal and exercise plan and keep in touch with you for a full three months through letters, emails and phone calls, tracking your progress and giving you strategies and suppor t.”训练营结束后，我们会把你的个人饮食和锻炼计划送回家，并在整整三个月内通过信件、电子邮件和电话与你保持联系，跟踪你的进展，给你提供策略和支持。可知，在减肥营结束后的三个月内，组织者们也会继续对参加人员提供支持，再根据开营时间July 2—August

28，可以得出，这个结束的时间就是直到11月底。故选A。

（5）考查推理判断。本文是介绍Active Challenge的一则广告，目的主要是吸引女孩加入。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇广告，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Road trip

Motorhome delivery offers great family holidays. For just $1 a day, you can hire a fully-equipped motorhome, which you deliver to a specific destination within some days and kilometers. You then hire another one to get home or take a bus or train. Your only other expense will be fuel and about $20 a day for parking fees. To learn more, visit https://www.360docs.net/doc/7315619076.html,.

Plan ahead

For a comfortable break, flexibility with times, dates and places helps lower the cost. Find a few hotels you like, ask about their vacant rooms, then wait a few weeks and call again. If they still have rooms, you're at an advantage to ask for a better price. Lots of last-minute deals are online. Watif (https://www.360docs.net/doc/7315619076.html,.au) has deals on hotels that have dropped their prices so slow. You don't know where you're staying until it's booked, but anywhere with four or five stars has to be fairly good. Back to nature

Wild camping appeals to nature lovers and costs nothing. This is forbidden on beaches and parks in most urban areas, but you can turn up in more distant area as long as nobody owns the land. You'll need to take everything with you and may need to shop on eBuy (https://www.360docs.net/doc/7315619076.html,.au). If you're a camping beginner, be aware of safety measures and get your questions answered on the Internet.

Swap meet

How about a home swap? For a $250 yearly joining cost, you can stay in someone's home in an international place of your choice while they or someone else stays in yours. Find out more at https://www.360docs.net/doc/7315619076.html,.au.

（1）Where can you get the information about motorhomes?

A. https://www.360docs.net/doc/7315619076.html,.au.

B. https://www.360docs.net/doc/7315619076.html,.au.

C. https://www.360docs.net/doc/7315619076.html,.

D. https://www.360docs.net/doc/7315619076.html,.au.（2）What's the advice for camping beginners?

A. Take only what you need.

B. Stay away from no-man's land.

C. Keep in touch with eBuy.

D. Watch out for possible dangers.

（3）What helps to pay less for rooms in a hotel?

A. Waiting for some time before booking.

B. Choosing hotels with four or five stars.

C. Deciding on rooms as early as possible.

D. Bargaining prices through the Internet.

（4）What's the purpose of the text?

A. To show the advantages of online service.

B. To teach the importance of running away from work.

C. To help people have fun at less expense.

D. To introduce new destinations for nature lovers.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，提供了几种节省游玩花费的方式。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Road trip部分中的”To learn more, visit https://www.360docs.net/doc/7315619076.html,.“可知，如果要了解motorhomes的相关信息可以浏览此网站。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据 Back to nature部分中的”If you're a camping beginner, be aware of safety measures and get your questions answered on the Internet.“可知，如果你是首次露营，要注意安全问题，如果有疑问一定要在网上问清楚。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据 Plan ahead部分中的”Find a few hotels you like, ask about their vacant rooms, then wait a few weeks and call again. If they still have rooms, you're at an advantage to ask for a better price.“可知，找到想预定的房间后，再等几周进行预定会节省不少费用。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据Road trip部分中的”For just $1 a day, you can hire a fully-equipped motorhome, “一美元一天租用装备完全的motorhome；Plan ahead部分中的”If they still have rooms, you're at an advantage to ask for a better price.“用更少的钱预定房间； Back to nature 部分中的”Wild camping appeals to nature lovers and costs nothing“不花钱露营；和Swap meet部分中的”For a $250 yearly joining cost, you can stay in someone's home in an international place of your choice“250美元一年交换房子居住。可知，本文的主要目的是介绍几种可以花费很低费用的游玩方式。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Need a fall fix? Try one from these great places.

⒈Mackinac Island, Michigan

The only way to reach this famed car-free island is by boat and ferry, and once visitors arrive, they are attracted by the history, scenery and fall colors. "It's a throwback to years past, a little town, and there's a big state park as well," Blackwell says. "You're allowed to have boats all around the island."

⒉Tellico Lake, Tennessee

With nearly 400 miles of shoreline, this waterway flowing out of the Great Smoky Mountains is largely unexploited, well-protected in its natural state. Fall visitors find a range of colors reflecting in the clean waters, says Blackwell, who vacationed in the area with his family as a child. "The thick forest there just allows you to see more greenery and wildlife."

⒊Dillon Reservoir, Colorado

With an hour from Denver, this lake is home to what claims to be the nation's highest sailing club, at an altitude of more than 9,000 feet. Marinas in the towns of Dillon and Frisco make it easy to get out on the water and to see the bright yellows and golds of fall leaves. "People are

surprised that there's boating in Colorado, and you can see the mountains just before the snowball," Blackwell says.

⒋Lake Monroe, Indiana

The state's largest lake is surrounded by more than 13,000 acres of protected forest and three recreation areas, making it an ideal place to see fall colors, particularly from oaks and the tulip poplar, the state tree. " It's a gem (宝石) in southern Indiana," says Blackwell, who grew up in the area. "There are lots of different activities: canoeing, kayaking and fishing."

（1）What is special about Mackinac Island?

A. It's like a modern city.

B. Visitors can't take a boat around it.

C. Visitors can see various wildlife there.

D. Visitors can't go there by cars.

（2）Which is suitable for someone looking for an undeveloped place for vacation?

A. Mackinac Island, Michigan.

B. Tellico Lake, Tennessee.

C. Dillon Reservoir, Colorado.

D. Lake Monroe, Indiana.

（3）What do the four places have in common?

A. Blackwell once travelled there.

B. They are all famous tourist destinations.

C. They are surrounded by thick forests.

D. Visitors can enjoy fall colors there.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个适合秋季度假的地方。

（1）考查细节理解。根据⒈Mackinac Island, Michigan部分中的"The only way to reach this famed car-free island is by boat and ferry"可知，到这个著名的无车岛的唯一途径是乘船和渡船。即：无法通过乘汽车到达该岛。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据⒉Tellico Lake, Tennessee部分中的"With nearly 400 miles of shoreline, this waterway flowing out of the Great Smoky Mountains is largely unexploited, well-protected in its natural state"可知，Tellico Lake基本上未被开发，得到了很好的保护，一直处于自然状态。因此，该地适合那些想到未被开发的地方度假的人们。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据⒈Mackinac Island, Michigan部分中的"they are attracted by the history, scenery and fall colors"；⒉Tellico Lake, Tennessee部分中的"Fall visitors find a range of colors reflecting in the clean waters"，⒊Dillon Reservoir, Colorado部分中的"and to see the bright yellows and golds of fall leaves"和⒋Lake Monroe, Indiana部分中的"making it an ideal place to see fall colors"可知，在这四个地方都可以看到"秋天的色彩"。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional, "paid" media, such as television commercials and print advertisements, still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create "earned" media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a

company may leverage "owned" media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.

Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users' responses. But in some cases, one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media -- for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and reavel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created Baby Center, a stand-along media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.

The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more and more diverse communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the business that originally created them.

If that happens passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and Facebook.

（1）Consumers may create "earned" media when they are ________.

A. obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites

B. inspired by product-promoting e-mail sent to them

C. eager to help their friends promote quality products

D. enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.

（2）The author indicates in Para. 3 that earned media ________.

A. invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers

B. can be used to produce negative effects in marketing

C. may be responsible for fiercer competition

D. deserve all the negative comments about them

（3）Toyota Motor's experience is cited as an example of ________.

A. responding effectively to hijacked media

B. persuading customers into boycotting product

C. cooperating with supportive consumers

D. taking advantage of hijacked media

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了有关earned media(口碑媒体)、Hijacked Media（劫持媒体）、paid media（自有媒体）的概念和特点。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Consumers passionate about a product may create “earned” media by willingly promoting it to friends”可知，对产品充满热情的消费者可能会通过主动向朋友推销产品来创造“口碑”媒体。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段可知，剧烈的技术变革为营销人员提供了越来越多的交流选择，但同时也增加了这样一种风险，即热情的消费者会以更快、更明显、更具破坏性的方式表达自己的观点。这种被劫持的媒体是口碑媒体的对立面：一项资产或活动成为消费者、其他利益相关者或对某个品牌或产品提出负面指控的活动人士的人质。例如，社交网络的成员正在明白他们可以劫持媒体，对最初创建它们的企业施加压力。由此可知，当口碑媒体被某些人所劫持，转化为劫持媒体的时候，就会影响企业，从而对企业营销产生不利的影响。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段对于“劫持媒体”的介绍和最后一段中的“If that happens passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep.”可知，如果发生（劫持媒体）这种情况，热情的消费者会试图说服他人抵制产品，从而使目标公司的声誉面临风险。在这种情况下，公司的反应可能不够迅速或周到，那么公司就会变得很困难。而下文以Toyota Motor（该公司在今年早些时候的召回危机中采取了相对迅速和精心策划的社交媒体应对行动，包括在Twitter和Facebook等网站上直接与消费者互动，从而减轻了部分损失）为例，则展示了当发生“劫持媒体”这种情况时，如果应对迅速得当，那么就可以减轻损失。因此，Toyota Motor是一个有效应对被绑架媒体的例子。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

The spine (脊柱) stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains a major collection of nerves that deliver electric signals from the rest of the body to your brain. So it's important to take care of it.

Staying in a good position is one of the most important things to keep your spine healthy. A proper position means standing or sitting while keeping your spins straight, except for its natural bending. Positions play a vital part even when you're asleep. Stomach sleeping is far from a good idea. Many people prefer sleeping on their side, which is in the interests of their spine. Sleeping on your back has lots of benefits yet can cause lower back pain and put some pressure on your

spine.

Staying still for too long — even if your position is good — can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a task most of the day, it's important to get up and stretch (伸展) periodically. Strength exercises with light weights like push-ups can also help by strengthening the muscles. However, don't overdo the exercise, as repeated movements can hurt the muscles around the spine, as trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique.

Vitamins also affect the health of your spine. In particular, vitamin B and omega-3 fatty acids help keep nerves healthy. Another important part is vitamin D, which is required for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it's also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some exercises outside. At last, many of the actions necessary to keep a spine healthy are similar to those used to protect your health in other ways. So protect your back, and the rest of the body will benefit.

（1）Which sleeping position is best for our spine according to the passage?

A. B. C. D.

（2）What is suggested in paragraph 3?

A. Strengthening muscles around the spine.

B. Repeating a certain movement more.

C. Doing a proper amount of exercise.

D. Staying still in a good position.

（3）What can we infer about vitamins?

A. Vitamin B reacts with omega-3 fatty acids.

B. Abundant vitamin D guarantees strong bones.

C. Vitamin D can't be absorbed without sunlight.

D. Doing push-ups outside increases vitamin D intake.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A. Stay still, stay healthy

B. Good position, good spine

C. Healthy means, healthy spine

D. Proper exercise, proper weight

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，脊柱位于健康的中心，为你的身体提供结构和支撑。它还包含一个主要的神经集合，将身体其他部位的电信号传递到你的大脑。所以照顾好它很重要。作者介绍了一些有助于脊椎健康的方法。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Many people prefer s leeping on their side, which is in the interests of their spine.”许多人喜欢侧睡，这对他们的脊椎有好处。可知选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Especially if you work at a task most of the day, it's important to get up and stretch periodically. Strength exercises with light weights like push-ups can also help by strengthening the muscles.”特别是如果你一天中大部分时间都在做一项工作，那么定期起来活动活动就很重要了。像俯卧撑这样的轻重量力量练习也可以帮助加强肌肉。可知第三段建议要定期做适量运动有益于脊椎。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it's also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do som e exercises outside.“维生素D可以从一些食物中获得，但它也可以从阳光中吸收，所以在户外做一些运动也有助于维他命D的吸收。可知在室外做俯卧撑可以增加维生素D的摄入量。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的”The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains a major collection of nerves that deliver electric signals from the rest of the body to your brain. So it's important to take care of it.“脊柱位于健康的中心，为你的身体提供结构和支撑。它还包含一个主要的神经集合，将身体其他部位的电信号传递到你的大脑。所以照顾好它很重要。以及文章主要内容为介绍了一些有助于脊椎健康的方法，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

A study based on data gathered by a NASA sensor has revealed China and India, the world's two most populous countries, are primarily responsible for making the Earth greener over the past two decades.

The study, published on Feb 11 in the journal Natural Sustainability, has found that since 2000 the Earth's green leaf area has increased by over 5 million square kilometers. That's an area equivalent to the total of the Amazon rainforests. "China and India account for one-third of the greening, considering the general idea of land degradation (退化) in populous countries from overexploitation," said Chen Chi from Boston University, lead author of the study.

The effect mainly comes from ambitious tree-planting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries, NASA said in a statement. China is the source of a quarter of the planet's increase in forest area, despite having only 6.6 percent of the world's vegetated (固定植被的)area, according to the study. Forest conservation and expansion programs account for 42 percent of the increase, and another 32 percent come from intensive agriculture of food crops, NASA said. While raising their green leaf areas, China and India have also greatly increased their food production through" multiple cropping" practices, where a field is replanted and crops are

harvested several time each year. "Production of grains, vegetable, fruits and more have increased by about 35 to 40 percent since 2000 to feed their large population," NASA said.

Over the past decades, China has made great efforts to green the land. In 1978, the central government launched a national-level forestation project-the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Program. By the end of 2017, the forest coverage rate among the regions in the project reached 13.57 percent, compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago. In a greening project, Kubuqi Desert, seventh largest in the country, has seen one-third of its area covered by vegetation during the past three decades thanks to forestation efforts.

（1）What have China and India contributed to according to NASA?

A. Land greening.

B. Land degradation.

C. Population explosion.

D. Forest conservation.

（2）What can we learn about "multiple cropping "practices?

A. They turn out to be ineffective.

B. They improve the food output.

C. They raise the vegetated area.

D. They allow planning once annually.

（3）What was the forest coverage rate in 1977?

A. 5.05%.

B. 6.6%.

C. 13.57%.

D. 32%.

（4）How is the passage mainly developed?

A. By space.

B. By listing facts.

C. By comparison.

D. By making definition.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道,介绍了美国航天局的一项最新研究显示，中国和印度是全球绿化努力的领导者。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"China and India, the world's two most populous countries, are primarily responsible for making the Earth greener"可知,美国宇航局的研究显示中国和印度使地球变得更绿,也就是说中国和印度的主要贡献在于土地绿化,故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"China and India have also greatly increased their food production through" multiple cropping" practices,"可知,中国和印度通过"复种"提高了粮食产量,故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"By the end of 2017, the forest coverage rate among the regions in the project reached 13.57 percent, compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago."可知,截至2017年底,森林覆盖率由40年前的5.05%提高到13.57%,也就是说1977时的森林覆盖率为5.05%,故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"That's an area equivalent to the total of the Amazon rainforests.",第三段中的"China is the source of a quarter of the planet's increase in forest area, despite having only 6.6 percent of the world's vegetated (固定植被的)area,"及第四段中的"By the end of 2017, the forest coverage rate among the regions in the project reached 13.57 percent, compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago."等信息可知,文中多次用数据对过去和现在进行对比来显示中国和印度是全球绿化努力的领导者的,因此文章是通过对比的手法展开的,故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

How was your day today? If it was just sort of OK, with nothing much happening, then Scott Shaffer wants to hear from you. Mr Shaffer is the editor of the Journal of Mundane Behaviour. "We can learn a lot about the way that society works by examining normal patterns of behavior," he says. "All the ordinary decisions we make and ordinary things we do are society in action." The idea that social scientists should "study the unmarked", in Mr Shaffer's words, has also spread to historians. Traditionally, most history has been written as the story of greatness. It is all about great ideas, great people and great economic and social forces changing the way that millions of people live for ever. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity changed the way that we look at the universe. But has he been of more benefit to humanity than the unknown person who invented the first really comfortable shoe? Try thinking great thoughts when your feet hurt.

In recent years, books of micro-history have been a great success with the public. Most micro historians like to relate their subject to wider developments in society. According to historian Catherine Gallagher, the potato was once a matter of great argument. Supporters pointed out that it could grow cheaply and easily and help feed the poor. Opponents said that this would lead to the poor becoming more powerful, since they did not have to spend every hour working to feed themselves. It seems that European socialism started with an argument about vegetables. British historian Colin Jones wants us to look at pictures painted hundreds of years ago. He wants us to notice the fact that nobody smiles in these pictures. Compare that with today, when everyone smiles for the camera and refusing to smile is seen as an unfriendly act. It is all because of dentistry, he says. Once people were able to look after their teeth, they began to smile and the world became a happier place.

Whether stories like this are true or not, they put ordinary people at the center of history. Most of us are not going to change the world in a big way. But we might be able to do something that makes life a bit easier for other people. And maybe one day a historian will come along and write the story. It is something to get excited about, though perhaps not very excited.

（1）Why does the author tell you to try thinking great thoughts when your feet hurt? A. To show the ordinary is necessary. B. To show history is created by the unknown.

C. To show great thoughts are unnecessary.

D. To show greatness comes from the ordinary.（2）What was the most important thing about the argument about the potato?

A. It helped the poor to feed themselves.

B. It helped to spend less money on food.

C. It brought about a struggle against the rich.

D. It led to great changes in society.

（3）Why didn't people smile in pictures painted hundreds of years ago?

A. They lived a hard life.

B. Their teeth looked terrible.

C. They were not friendly.

D. They preferred to look serious.

（4）What is mainly discussed in the text?

A. The ways to make life easier.

B. The importance of the ordinary in history.

C. The increasing interest in micro-history.

D. Unknown people who invented small things.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。论述了关注社会中普通人的重要性。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“All the ordinary decisions we make and ordinary things we do are society in action.”及第二段中的“But has he been of more benefit to humanity than the unknown person who invented the first really comfortable shoe? Try thinking great thoughts when your fe et hurt.”可知第一个发明舒适的鞋的未知人的重要性。作者以此来印证普通人和普通人的想法的重要性。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“According to historian Catherine Gallagher, the potato was once a matter of great argument. ”以及“ It seems that European socialism started with an argument about vegetables.” 可知作者在文中提到了potato,而恰恰是对potato的讨论带来了社会的变革。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“It is all because of dentistry, he says. Once people were able to look after their teeth, they began to smile and the world became a happier place”可推断当人们会照料自己的牙齿的时候,人们才敢笑,这表明在此之前人不敢笑,是因为他们的牙齿很糟糕。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文主题为"The importance of the ordinary in history,（历史中普通人的重要性）"各段落紧扣主题内容,论证了作者在本文中的观点普通人是很重要的。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

History is full of tales of great ideas taking shape in sleeping minds; Paul McCartney said that he awoke with the tune of Yesterday in his head, and Robert Louis Stevenson said that the idea for The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde came to him in a dream.

Scientists believe that the mind at night puts together bits of information in creative ways. Throughout the day your brain rarely gets a chance to stop and think. It constantly responds to a stream of challenges, from writing a report for a work deadline to remembering where you left your car keys and figuring out what to buy for dinner.

"Think of your brain like a web," says Russell Foster, Professor of Neuroscience at Oxford University. "During the day the web is very tight, so you can only put information in a certain number of places. During sleep the web expands, and with the luxury of time, those bits of information can be put into lots of different places and make new associations."

He adds that this process may help to foster the formation of new ideas. "This bringing together of seemingly unrelated bits of information is vital to helping the brain think itself out of problems," says Russell Foster.

"Sleep seems to allow your mind to make non-obvious connections. It puts all the information from the day into a big biological theatre and forces the mind to speak to people at the back of

the theatre, who you may not think you have any connection with. This is the basis of creativity connecting ideas, events and memories that wouldn't normally fit together.

By placing volunteers into brain scanners and sending them to sleep, scientists have seen that the areas associated with emotion go into overdrive, especially while dreaming, while the areas that are responsible for logic (逻辑)are switched off. This not only explains why dreams are unbelievably random-you can be talking to a colleague one minute and the next minute sitting in your old school classroom dressed in your nightclothes-but also explains how the brain can put together different information.

（1）In what way are the mind at night and the mind during the day different?

A. The ways to receive information.

B. The ways to provide information.

C. The ways to process information.

D. The ways to exchange information.

（2）According to Russell Foster, what may bring out creativity?

A. Information put together in normal ways.

B. Information put together in unusual ways.

C. Information stored in a biological theatre.

D. Information stored in the mind.

（3）Which can replace "go into overdrive", underlined in the last paragraph?

A. Start being active.

B. Return to normal.

C. Stop working.

D. Perform badly.（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. The Creative Power of the Brain

B. Great Works from Sleep

C. Never Believe Your Sleeping Minds

D. Sleep Can Bring Creative Ideas

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了睡眠的重要性:睡眠可以带来一些创造性的想法。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ the mind at nigh t puts together bits of information in creative ways. Throughout the day your brain rarely gets a chance to stop and think”在晚上大脑以创新的方式把信息组合在一起,。白天,你的大脑很少有机会停下来思考，可知在白天和晚上,大脑处理信息的方式是不同的,在晚上,大脑处理信息更有创造性。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Sleep seems to allow your mind to make non-obvious connections”睡眠似乎允许你的大脑做出一些不明显的连接）,以及“This is the basis of creativity-connecting ideas”这是创造性连接想法的基础，可知以不同寻常的方式组合在一起的信息会带来创新。故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“but also explains how the brain can put together different information.,”尤其根据与之对比的"while the areas that are responsible for logic(逻辑)are switched off",可得知与情感相联系的大脑区域在睡眠的时候开始活跃起来。故选A。（4）考查主旨大意。通览全文可知本文讨论了睡眠的重要性:睡眠可以带来一些创造性的想法。本文首段用事例提示该主题,然后结合实验证明围绕该主题进行阐述。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行

分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

A decade ago, colored lights danced around the living room on New Year's Eve and happy music was played. Upstairs, the children were asleep. But I wasn't feeling happy. In mid-December, my husband and I had been informed that he had cancer and that he was going to die. He had less than a year left, the doctors said.

In the years since that painful season, I have come to look back upon New Year's Eve as an ending and a beginning. New Year's Eve brings a halt to the endless commitments that fill our daily lives and a chance to reflect.

New Year's Eve is full of possibility and anticipation. What will be the surprising experiences and delightful successes in the coming year? But also, what disappointments are waiting for us in the next twelve months?

In many ways, New Year's Eve and the days that surround it are a line between past and future. That line is made up of a series of moments of transition(过渡) that take us out of the old and into the new. Transition can be challenging for many of us. It's about letting go of the familiar and diving headlong (迅猛地) into the unfamiliar.

Just as, back then, I had to face letting go of the life I had led with my beloved husband and stepping into a new world as a widowed mom. I find that each year I have to step out of the version of me that suited the year that is ending and ease into the version of me who will rise to the goals I am holding for myself for the year ahead.

Last year at this time, I sat in a chair in southern France and drank in the stillness(沉静) and beauty of the countryside around me. The three children and I had brought into this world talked and laughed around the table beside me as we enjoyed a lunch of bread and cheese.

I was filled with a sense of joy and I had a glowing(热情洋溢的) heart that was full of hope. It was another ending and another beginning. May we all transition into the best of what lies ahead. May we all find happiness this holiday season.

（1）What does the underlined word "halt" in Paragraph 2 mean most probably?

A. Stop.

B. Beginning.

C. Meaning.

D. Tradition.

（2）What's the main cause of the author's unhappiness on New Year's Eve a decade before?

A. The pressure she faced in her work.

B. The health problem her husband faced.

C. The information received from her family.

D. The relationship between her and her husband.

（3）What's the author's attitude towards the thing people should do at New Year?

A. Set challenging goals for the next year.

B. Break with daily routines and form a new habit.

C. Spend more time with family members.

D. Think about the past and get ready for the future.

（4）What's the main purpose of writing the passage?

A. To memorialize her husband.

B. To show how she got through a hard time.

C. To share her view of New Year's Eve.

D. To remind us that uncertainty is part of life.【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文主要论述了作者对于新年夜的看法，作者认为在新年应该想想过去，为未来做好准备。（1）词义猜测题。根据上文In the years since that painful season, I have come to look back upon New Year's Eve as an ending and a beginning.（在那个痛苦的季节之后的这些年里，我开始把新年前夜看作一个结束和一个开始。）以及下文to the endless commitments that fill our daily lives and a chance to reflect可知，新年前夜让我们停止无休止的日常生活，也有了反思的机会。故可推测划线部分单词意思为"停止"。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据第一段But I wasn't feeling happy. In mid-December, my husband and I had been informed that he had cancer and that he was going to die.（但是我不开心。12月中旬，我和丈夫被告知，他得了癌症，即将去世。）可知，作者在十年前新年前夜不开心的主要原因是她丈夫面临的健康问题。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据第五段中I find that each year I have to step out of the version of me that suited the year that is ending and ease into the version of me who will rise to the goals I am holding for myself for the year ahead.（我发现，每一年我都必须走出即将结束的已经适应一年的自己的版本，轻松地进入我将为未来的一年实现自己的目标的版本。）可知，作者认为人们在新年应该想想过去，为未来做好准备。故选D。

（4）推理判断题。根据文章主要内容可知，作者分享自己的经历和对新年夜的看法，故推知作者的写作目的是为了分享自己对于新年夜的看法和观点。故选C。

【点评】考查学生对语篇的理解能力。通读全文，把握文章主旨。理解题干，在原文找到对应段或具体到对应上下文，归纳总结答案。

10．阅读理解

If spending is a measure of what matters, then the people of the developing world place a high value on brains. While private spending on education has not changed much in the rich world in the past ten years, in China and India it has more than doubled. Since brainpower is the primary generator of progress, this burst of enthusiasm for investing in private education is excellent news for the world. But not everybody is delighted. Because private education increases inequality, some governments are trying to stop its advance. That's wrong: they should welcome it, and spread its benefits more widely.

① Education used to be provided by religious institutions or entrepreneurs. But when governments, starting in Prussia in the 18th century, got into the business of nation-building, they realized they could use education to shape young minds. As state systems grew, private schooling was left to the elite and the pious(虔诚的). Now it is enjoying popularity again, for several reasons. Incomes are rising, especially among the better off, at the same time as birth rates are falling. In China the former one-child policy means that six people—two parents and four grandparents—can pour money into educating a single child.

② All over the developing world, people want more or bett er education than governments provide. Where cities are growing at unmanageable speed, the private education is taking up the slack. In India the private education now educates nearly half of all children, in Pakistan more than a third, and in both countries the state education is shrinking. Even where the state does pretty well, as in East Asia, richer people still want better schooling for their children than the masses get. Thus, Vietnam, which has an outstanding state-school system for a poor country, measured by its performance in the OECD's PISA test, also has the fastest-growing private education.

③ In most ways, this is an excellent thing, because the world is getting more and better schooling.

In rich countries, once the background and ability of the children who attend private schools are taken into account, their exams results are about the same as those in the state education. But in developing countries private schools are better—and much more efficient. A study of eight Indian states found that, in terms of learning outcomes per rupee, private schools were between

1.5 times and 29 times more cost-effective than state schools.

④ They tend to sort children by income, herding richer ones towards better schools that will enhance their already superior life chances. That is one reason why many governments are troubled by their rise.

Governments are right to worry about private education's contribution to inequality, but they are wrong to discourage its growth. Governments should instead focus on improving the public education by mimicking(模仿) the private education's virtues. Freedom from independent management is at the root of its superior performance and greater efficiency. Governments should therefore do their best to give school principals more freedom to innovate and to fire underperforming teachers.

To spread the benefit of private schools more widely, governments should work with them, paying for education through vouchers(代金券) which children can spend in private schools. And vouchers should be limited to students in non-selective schools that do not charge top-up fees; otherwise governments will find themselves helping the better off and increasing inequality.

The world faces plenty of problems. Governments should stop behaving as though private education were one of them. It will, rather, increase the chances of finding solutions.

（1）What do we know about private education?

A. More developed countries enjoy it.

B. It attracts more and more investment.

C. Public education will replace it in the future.

D. It has helped governments to remove inequality.

（2）What does the underlined phrase "taking up the slack" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Filling the gap.

B. Setting the place.

C. Breaking the balance.

D. Avoiding the risk.

（3）Why has private education been developing rapidly in Vietnam?

A. The population in Vietnam is shrinking dramatically.

B. Its state education is worse than other developing countries.

C. Some people want better education for their children than others.

D. The government intends private education to shape young minds.

（4）The sentence "But private schools also increase inequality." can be put in .

A. ①

B. ②

C. ③

D. ④（5）What does the author advise governments to do?

A. Train school principals.

B. Sell vouchers to children.

C. learn from private education.

D. Fire underperforming teachers.

（6）What's the author's opinion about private education?

A. Private education should be based on state education.

B. Private education should be targeted at well-off families.

C. Governments should prevent the spread of private education.

D. Governments should celebrate the popularity of private education.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

（5）C

（6）D

【解析】【分析】本文主要论述私人教育在发达国家不重视，但是发展中国家大受欢迎，有些人对私人教育的发展不高兴，他们认为私人教育加剧了不公平性，有些政府甚至阻止其发展，针对这个现象，作者提出了看法：这种做法是错误的。人们应该欢迎私人教育，并广泛地传播它的好处。

（1）细节理解题。文中原文"this burst of enthusiasm for investing in private education is excellent news for the world."因此答案选择B。私人教育吸引了越来越多的投资。但是私立教育加剧了不平等，因此D选项错误。私人教育与公立教育并存，所以答案C错误。更多的发展中国家出现了正在受益，所以A也错误。故选B。

（2）词义猜测题。对划线单词进行三句读,"Where cities are growing at unmanageable speed, the private education is taking up the slack. In India the private education now educates nearly half of all children, in Pakistan more than a third, and in both countries the state education is shrinking."印度私人教育现在教育了将近一半的儿童，在巴基斯坦超过三分之一。公立教育萎缩，私立教育填补空白。故选A。

（3）细节理解题。通过定位词Vietnam找到文中richer people still want better schooling for their children than the masses get. Thus Vietnam, which has an outstanding state-school system for a poor country, measured by its performance in the OECD's PISA test also has the fastest-growing private education.因此原因是富裕的人们想让孩子们获得更好的教育，故选C。（4）推理判断题。句子是：但是私人学校也会导致不平等。所以加入的段落应该更多会讨论私人学校引发的不平等。所以我们找到只有第四处符合要求。They tend to sort children by income, herding richer ones towards better schools that will enhance their already superior life chances.故选D。

（5）细节理解题。根据文中,建议写在了最后三段Governments should instead focus on improving the public education by mimicking (模仿）the private education's virtues.作者认为政

府应该让公立学校模仿私立学校的好处，故选C。

（6）推理判断题。最后一段作者说了Governments should stop behaving as though private education were one of them. It will, rather, increase the chances of finding solutions.因此作者的观点是：政府应该支持私立学校的发展以找到解决问题的办法。故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节理解题，推理判断题和词义猜测题三种常考题型。细节理解题读题干回原文找细节；推理判断题结合上下文进行正向或逆向推测；词义猜测题结合上下句和本句推断答案。