中考英语语法复习：《名词》考点突破.doc
中考英语复习《名词》考点突破
近年来，中考英语单选题中对名词的考查呈现逐年变化的趋势，“词义辨析”成了主要的考
查形式，“名词所有格、名词单复数的变化、名词作定语及固定短语中名词的单复数表
示法”等常规考点仅有少量体现。下面结合近几年的中考真题谈谈这些考点及相关的解题方
法。
【考点一】名词词义辨析
解题指导:解答“辨析名词词义”的单选题时，要通过上下文提供的信息推断空格处缺
少一个什么含义的名词。解题时，首先要仔细推敲题干的意思，根据语义逻辑、语言常识、
生活常识等进行推理判断，找出题干中缺少什么含义的单词，然后缺什么就选什么。
【中考真题】
1.－ It' s useless to regret what has been done. Don't make those mistakes again
－ I won't. That's a(n).(2018 年河南 )
A. order
B. decision
C. promise
D. agreement
2. I live near a. It gets very noisy on match days. (2018 年江西 )
A. hospital
B. store
C. bank
D. playground
3.－ What is the of your excellent spoken English?
－Practice makes perfect! (2018 年安徽 )
A. result
B. influence
C. duty
D. secret
4. Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden .(2018 年天津 )
A. competition
B. interview
C. treasure
D. tradition
5. Could you please put some in my cup? I'd like sweet coffee. (2018 年青岛 )
A. sugar
B. salt
C. ice
D. pepper
6. Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high from the art community for this sculptures. (2018 年宿迁 )
A. pride
B. praise
C. promise
D. progress
7. The Queqiao Satellite( 卫星 )will form a bridge between controllers on earth and the far side of the moon. (2018 年扬州 )
A. contribution
B. communication
C. celebration
D. competition
8. The is so strong today that my hair keeps blowing in the air.
A. rain
B. snow
C. sun
D. wind
9.－ Do you have this T shirt in a small ?
－ I'm afraid not. It only comes in medium.(2018 年南京 )
A. size
B. colour
C. material
D. taste
10.－ Let' s see what food you've got for dinner.
－ Look, we have mutton, fish, eggs, tomatoes and . (2018 年东营 )
A. milk
B. bread
C. coffee
D. juice
11. In every ， there has to be some give-and-take. (2018 年武威 )
A. friendship
B. instrument
C. attention
D. blackboard
12. National Treasure quickly rose to the top television rating ranks after it was presented
on CCTV . It means a growing in traditional culture among China's youth.(2018 年连云港)
A. interest
B. direction
C. habit
D. dream
13.－What was the of the football match last night?
－AC Milan won the game. (2018 年温州 )
A. value
B. result
C. choice
D. decision
14. My grandpa knows the history and medical of many plants.(2017 年扬州 )
A. wealth
B. price
C. value
D. cost
15. To the teacher' s joy, the student made great this term.(2017 年黄石 )
A. result
B. preparation
C. suggestion
D. progress
16. Dr. Ma has helped a lot of patients see again in the of his life.(2017 年南通 )
A. form
B. way
C. direction
D. course
17. Nowadays some made in China are both good and cheap, such as Xiaomi mobile phones, Haier fridges and Lenovo computers.(2017 年东营 )
A. tools
B. products
C. materials
D. instruments
18.－ Shall we go on Friday or Saturday?
－ Either day is OK. It makes no to me.(2017 年苏州 )
A. choice
B. change
C. difference
D. decision
19. Daniel has tried to lose by eating less recently, but two kilos has been put on instead.(2017 年广东 )
A. weight
B. weights
C. height
D. heights
20.－ It' s hot today. Have some ，please.
－No, thanks. I' m not thirsty at a11.(2017 年怀化 )
A. water
B. potatoes
C. bread
21. Fruit is good for health, so I o8en have breakfast with one.(2017 年青岛 )
A. candy
B. cake
C. banana
D. hamburger
22.－Judy, I will have a meeting in Canada next week.
－ Well, you' d better take a with you, or you may easily got lost. (2017年重庆A卷)
A. photo
B. stamp
C. map
D. postcard
23. Zhang Lin is a popular in this school and most students are her fans. (2017 年重
庆 B 卷 )
A. farmer
B. doctor
C. worker
D. teacher
24. The New Silk Road will offer a good for nations to communicate.(2017年安徽)
A. chance
B. habit
C. question
D. price
25.－Do you have any for tonight yet?
－Not yet. What about having a picnic on the beach?(2017 年江西 )
A. problems
B. news
C. plans
D. rules
【答案与解析】
1. C。 order“命令，顺序”;decision “决定”;promise“承诺，许诺，诺言”;agreement “协议，同意” 。根据句意可知，空格处缺少的是表示“承诺”的单词，故应选择 C 项。
2. D。hospital“医院” ;store“商店” ;bank“银行” ;playground“运动场”。句中有on match days，意思是“在比赛日” ，按常识推断，比赛是在“运动场上”进行，故应选择 D 项。
3.D。result“结果” ;influence“影响” ;duty“职责” ;secret“秘诀”。答语“ Practice makes perfect! ”是谚语，意思是“熟能生巧”或“勤能补拙”，意为“多练习就能做好某事” 。按
的， D
4.C。 competition “ 争” ;interview “面” ;treasure“珍宝，宝藏” ;tradition “ ”。根据句意可知
C 。
5.A。根据常推理，只有放“糖”才能使咖啡“甜”，故A。
6. B 。pride “自豪，傲” ;praise“ ，” ;promise“ 言” ;progress“ 步”。根据句意可知 B 。
7.B。contribution “ 献” ;communication “通信，交流” ;celebration“ 祝” ;competition
“ 争”。根据句意可知 B 。
8. D。根据 my hair keeps blowing in the air 可知，是“大”所致，故 D 。
9. A。从答中的“中号的”可知，空格缺少的是表示‘‘尺”的，故 A 。
10. B。方的是“ what food" ，而所的四个中，只有food 属食品， milk, coffee 和 juice 均属料，故 B 。
11. A。friendship “友” ;instrument “ 器” ;attention“注意” ;blackboard“黑板”。根
据常推断，“互相”与“友”相关，故 A 。
12.A。interest“ 趣” ;direction “方向” ;habit“ ” ;dream“梦想”。根据句意可知，空格缺少的是“ 趣” ，故 A 。
13.B。 value“价” ;result“ 果” ;choice“ ” ;decision “决定”。根据句意可知，空格缺少的是
“ 果”，故 B 。
14.C。 wealth“ 富” ;price“价格” ;value“价” ;cost“花”。根据句意可知，空格缺少的是
“价” ，故 C 。
15.D。result“ 果” ;preparation“准” ; suggestion“建” ;progress“ 步” o progress
是不可数名， make progress“取得步”，故 D 。
16.D。in the form of“以??的形式” ;in the way of“关于??方面，阻碍”;in the direction
of“朝??方向” ;in the course of“在??期，在??程中” ;in the course of one's life 表示“在某人的一生中”。根据句意可知，本 D 。
17.B 。 tools“工具” ;products“ 品” ; materials “材料” ;instruments“ 器”。根据句意可知，空格
缺少的是“ 品” ，故 B 。
18.C。 choice“ ” ;change“ 化” ;difference “差，差异” ;decision “决定”。根据句意可知，空格
缺少的是“差” ，故 C 。
19.A 。根据句意可知，空格缺少的是“体重” 。由于 lose weight 是固定搭配， weight 要用数形式，故 A 。
20.A。根据句意可知，空格缺少的是“水” 。故本 A 。
21.C。根据“水果有益于健康”的提示，可以看出空格缺少的是“香蕉”，故本
C.
22.C。根据“你可能容易迷路”的提示，可以看出空格缺少的是“地”，故本
C。
23.D。根据“学校、学生”等提示，可以看出空格缺少的是“教”，故本
D。
24.A。根据句意和，空格缺少的是“机会”，故A。
25.C 。 problems“ ” ;news“新 " ; plans “ 划” ;rules“ ”。根据句意，空格缺少的是“ 划” ，故
C 。
【考点二】名所有格
名所有格是在尾加“'s”构成，如果尾已有s，直接在s 后加“ '”。如 :the cat's eyes, children's clothes, the Smiths' house, twenty minutes' walk 等。
特提醒 :Tom and Jack's room 表示两人共用一个房，故room要用数形式;Tom's and Jack's rooms 表示各自都有一个房，故room 要用复数形式。
【中考真】
1.－ How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang?
－ It' s about two ride by high-speed train.(2018 年重 B 卷 )
A. hour
B. hour's
C. hours
D. hours'
2.－ John, is the book on the desk yours?
－ No, it's my. She left it here yesterday. (2018 年贵阳 )
A. sister's
B. sister
C. sisters'
3.－ Excuse me! Is this new house?
－ Yes, it's. The parents of them bought it last September.(2418 年安 1n)
A. Lucy and Lily's; theirs
B. Lucy's and Lily's; them
C. Lucy's and Lily's; theirs
D. Lucy and Lily's; them
4. "It depends on my decision." the mother said and looked at her two sons.(2017
白银 )
A. children
B. children's
C. child
D. child's
年
【答案与解析】
1. D。考查名词所有格。表示“两个小时”要用two hours ,“两个小时的”则要写为two hours'，故本题应选择 D 项。
2.A。考查名词所有格。从“She”可以看出，本句中的sister 是单数形式，因此其所有
格形式是sister's，故应选择 A 项。
3. A 。考查名词所有格和代词所有格。第一空后的名词
有的房子，故第一空用Lucy and Lily's; 第二空要用theirs 项。
house 是单数，说明这是他们共
表示“他们的房子” 。故应选择 A
4.B 。考查名词所有格。由从句中的her two sons 可以看出，此处的“孩子”要用复数
形式children 。另外， decision 前缺少的是定语，因此children 要用所有格形式，故应选择 B 项。
【考点三】名词的“里”与“数”
1.不可数名词没有复数形式。如果表示不可数名词的“量”，要用相应的量词，且只能
在量词上作复数变化。如:a cup of tea-three cups of tea 等。
2.名词单数变复数时，除了规则变化外，还有不规则变化，如:foot → feet, tooth → teeth, child → children, mouse→ mice, man → men, woman→ women 等。
易错提醒 :German 的复数形式是在词尾直接加-s，即 Germans; stomach 的复数形式也是
在词尾直接加 -s，即 stomachs 。
3.以 o 结尾的名词变复数时，在其后加-s，如 :radio → radios, bamboo →bamboos, piano→pianos, photo→ photos, zoo→zoos 等。但是 hero→ heroes, tomato→ tomatoes, potato→ potatoes 等例外。
4. people, police ， clothes, trousers, glasses 均是复数用法 ;Chinese, Japanese, sheep均是单复数同形。
5.在某些固定短语中，名词要用复数形式，且这些名词前没有定冠词。如
with, shake hands with, take notes, exchange seats with somebody
:make friends
【中考真题】
1.－ How time flies! It is two since we met last.
－So it is. I miss you so much.(2017 年哈尔滨 )
A. months
B. monthes
C. months'
2.－ Are you thirsty?
－ Yes, please give us . (2017 年南充 )
A. three bottle water
B. three bottle of water
C. three bottles of water
D. three bottles of waters
【答案与解析】
1.A。考查名词复数。 month 的复数形式是 months，故选 A 。
2. C。考查不可数名词“量”的表达法。“水”是不可数名词，“一瓶水”要说“ a bottle of water ” ,“三瓶水”应说“ three bottles of water ”，故本题应选择 C 项。
【考点四】名词作定语
名词作定语时，通常用单数形式，如many apple trees, several car companies。但是 man, woman 作复数名词的刽部寸，应改为men, women, 如 five women doctors 。另外， sport 也常用复数形式作定语，如 a pair of sports shoes。
【中考真题】
1.－ How many doctors there in your hospital, David?
－them over one hundred.(2018 年眉山 )
A. women; The number of; is
B. woman; A number of; are
C. woman; A number of; is
D. women; The number of; are
2. I went to the hospital yesterday. I found a few there.(2017 年齐齐哈尔 )
A. man nurses
B. men nurse
C. men nurses
3. It' s sports time. Most students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground. (2016 年重庆 A 卷 )
A. boy
B. boys
C. boy's
D. boys'
【答案与解析】
1. A。第一空后是复数名词doctors，因此第一空用woman 的复数形式women 作定语。over one hundred 表示数量“一百多个”，因此第二空用the number of; 由于 the number of them 表达的是单数概念，故第三空用is。故本题选 A 项。
2. C。空格前有 a few，后面的名词nurse 一定要用复数形式nurses，故可先排除B 项 ;man 作复数名词的定语时，应改为men，再排除 A 项。剩下的 C 项为正确答案。
3. A。绝大多数名词作定语时用单数形式，boy 属其中之一，故应选择 A 项。
【练一练】
一、单项选择。从每题A,B,C,D 中选出一个最佳答案。
1.－ Your skirt is really beautiful.
－ Thank you. Do you like，too?
A. apple
B. banana
C. orange
D. pear
2. Peter is so kind that he often gives me a when I' m in trouble.
A. head
B. hand
C. heart
D. foot
3.bedroom is big and bright. They like it very much.
A. Tom and Sam
B. Tom ’ s and Sam
C. Tom ’ s and Sam's
D. Tom and Sam’s
4.－ I' m afraid these trousers are too small.
－ If so, you may buy a larger.
A. piece
B. one
C. pant
D. pair
5.－ I often work for the class wall-news-paper.
－ You are great! It’ s interesting but it may takes you much time.
A. work
B. job
C. book
D. game
6. That was an easy，so I finished it in half an hour.
A. task
B. work
C. homework
D. housework
7.－ How far is it from here to the super-market?
－ It's only about ten walk.
A. minute
B. minutes
C. minutes'
D. minute' s
8. I don' t think looking after children is just work.
A. woman's
B. women's
C. women
D. women
9. There are trees growing in the south of China.
A. many banana
B. many bananas
C. a lot of bananas
D. lots of bananas
10.－Tom and I want to be with you.
－ Thank you. Me too.
A. friend
B. a friend
C. the friend
D. friends
11. Mary asked me if I wanted to exchange with her.
A. seat
B. a seat
C. seats
D. the seats
12.－Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?
－ Sorry. I know nothing about him. We are .
A. friends
B. neighbors
C. classmates
D. strangers
13. It was hard for me to make a ，but I decided to leave my job.
A. decision
B. suggestion
C. plan
D. speech
14. Something is wrong with my . I can't see anything around me.
A. nose
B. ears
C. eyes
D. mouth
15.－What do you have for Paul?
－ I think he should study harder than before.
A. news
B. advice
C. help
D. information
16.－ Michael likes flying around the world.
－ I think being a is just right for him.
A. doctor
B. policeman
C. cook
D. pilot
17.－Well, a bowl of noodles with beef.
OK, then what would you like, madam?
－A small bowl, please.
A. price
B. time
C. size
D. place
18.－ Someone called you just now, Bill.
.
－ know. But I was busy at that moment. When I called back, there was no
A. voice
B. sound
C. answer
D. result
19. I like a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.
A. fish
B. potatoes
C. noodles
D. carrots
20.－ It's a wise to wear the purple tie. It matches your shirt well.
－Thank you very much.
A. support
B. choice
C. mixture
D. honour 21.－Do you think
the of this skirt suits me?
－Of course! You always look beautiful in red.
A. size
B. design
C. price
D. color
22.If you want to get more information about Chinese learning, please visit our https://www.360docs.net/doc/7a16069330.html,.
A. company
B. store
C. office
D. website
23. If you want to make friends with others being honest is the first.
A. step
B. time
C. job
D. hand
24.－Jimmy, you should never let others know what I have told you today.
－ Don't worry, Tina. I will keep the.
A. money
B. secret
C. address
D. grade
25.More and more people would like to go on vacation abroad. They should remember to
be with good manners.
A. visitors
B. players
C. volunteers
D. actors
26.－This is Jim speaking. I have great in doing the work by myself. Could you come to help me?
－ No problem. Where are you?
A. interest
B. success
C. advice
D. difficulty
27. Maria is new in Beijing. Maybe she needs a for sightseeing.
A. watch
B. ticket
C. map
D. notebook
28. The food safety is a serious in many countries. People should try to solve it
A. subject
B. program
C. problem
D. opinion
29. You ’ d better read the first before you use the camera.
A. websites
B. expressions
C. instructions
D. advertisements
30.－ I want to see the movie .Do you know the of the ticket?
－ Yes. Five dollars each.
A. price
B. number
C. kind
D. name
二、语法运用。根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. I'm happy to see great have taken place in my hometown. (change)
2. The mother had two .(child)
3. It is true that quite a few famous people were born in poor .(family)
4. In primary schools, there are more teachers than men ones. (woman)
5. When he received my to the party, he was glad to accept it. (invite)
6. Could you please give me some on how to learn math well?(advise)
7. I saw a group of when I was walking in the street just now. (German)
8. John became the because he ran fastest of all his schoolmates. (win)
9. All of them said the in White Rose Restaurant was really good. (serve)
10. People should realize the of protecting the environment. (important)
三、词语运用。根据句意用方框内所给单词的适当形式填空。
mistake, candle, collect, ill, tomato, decide, develop, science, visit, warm
1.Then we went out of the room to enjoy the of the sun.
2. Lots of from foreign countries come to China every year.
3. They are beautiful! You've got a wonderful of stamps.
4. Lisa was so careless that she made many in her homework.
5. He is a ， who does a good job on building the space station.
6. Mum, do I have to blow out all the on the birthday cake?
7. These farmers grow on their farm. All of them are very busy.
8. I wonder if our teacher has made a on the spring outing.
9. Kate didn't go to school yesterday afternoon because of her
10. With the of science, now human life has greatly changed.
参考答案
一、单项选择。
1-5 CBDDA 6-10 ACBAD 11-15 CDACB 16-20 DCCAB
21-25 DDABA 26-30 DCCCA
二、语法运用。
1.changes。谓语是复数形式 have taken place，因此主语也要用复数形式。
2.childrenochild 是可数名词，其前有数词two，因此本题用 child 的复数形式 children 。
3. families 。主语是 quite a few famous people ，因此本题用family 的复数形式 families 。
4. women o woman 所修饰的是复数名词teachers，因此 woman 也要用复数形式 women。
5. invitationo invite 是动词，名词形式是invitation 。
6. advice advise 是动词，其名词形式是advice。
7. Germans。 a group of 后接可数名词的复数形式，故填Germans。
8. winnero win 是动词，根据句意可知本题应填winner 表示“获胜者”。
9. serviceo serve 是动词，其名词形式是service。
10. importanceo important 是形容词，意为“重要的”，其名词形式是importance，意为“重要性”。
三、词语运用
1.warmth 。 warm 的名词形式是 warmth ,the warmth of the sun 表示“太阳的温暖”。
2.visitors 。 lots of 后要接名词，这里要接“游客”的复数形式。
3.collection 。 wonderful 是形容词，后面要接名词。 a wonderful collection of stamps 表示“一本精美的集邮册” 。
4.mistakes 。 many 后接复数名词， make any mistakes 表示“出了许多错误”。
5. scientist。主语是he，后面要用表示“人”的名词，因此要把science 改为 scientist 。
6. candles。前面有 all，因此 candle 要用复数形式。 the candles on the birthday cake 表示“生日蛋糕上的蜡烛” 。
7. tomatoes 。 tomato 的复数形式是在词尾加-es。 grow tomatoes 表示“种植西红柿”。
8. decision。 decide 是动词，其相应的名词是decision。 make a decision 表示“做决定”。
9.illness 。 ill 是形容词，其相应的名词是 illness 。 because of her illness 意为“因为她生病了”。
10. development。 develop 是动词，其相应的名词是 development。 with the development of science 意为“随着科学的发展”。
上海初中英语语法练习题
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