雅思作文保证6分基础议论文
To a certain question there might be many different answers and never a “correct one”, just a well expressed one. Always read the question carefully and be sure you understand what it is asking. Remember, misunderstanding the question will cause you to lose marks. Other problems with your answer that can cause you to get a lower score are if you add information that has nothing to do with the question or if you only answer part of the question. Spend some time reading the question and mark any important words.
Boarding school:
For：
1.Cultivate the spirit of independence, look after themselves.
2.Learn to cooperate and tolerate, develop a sense of team work and collectivism.
3.Convenience
4.Less likely to be spoiled
Against:
https://www.360docs.net/doc/7b2730399.html,ck of adequate communication and emotional exchange with parents, thus widening the
generation gap.
6.Bad for physical development
7.Psychological health: homesick, lonely, autistic
8.Prone to negative influence
9.Expenditure/cost
NB:
◆SGS原则
◆思维方法：
?延长因果+对比+举例+联系社会问题
Write the introduction
?Introducing the topic
?Thesis statement (show your viewpoint)
Introducing the topic:
1）直接引入法
2）转折对比引入法
3）通过较大范围引入法
1）直接引入法
Example:
The issue of death penalty is an emotional one, with many people taking the attitude that it needs to be used both often and swiftly to deter crime. However, others believe that in a so-called “civilized”society, the death penalty is little more than barbarism.
◆Useful expressions:
?The problem of … is not a new one.
?It is a hot-debated issue…
?There is much discussion these days about …
?T here has long been a debate about…
Exercise:
Question 2
It is a hot-debated issue whether children should be encouraged to participate in paid work, with many people believing that it has an unfavorable influence on children’s physical
development. However, others take the opposite side and insist that it is necessary for both individuals and our society.
2）通过转折对比引出主题
?The overuse of modern technology in recreational activities makes human beings less creative. Agree or disagree?
?It is well believed/acknowledged that modern technologies in recreational activities have brought us easier and more convenient life. However, to use them
too often might result in the loss of creativity of human beings.
练习：
? A report indicates that nowadays children are becoming more and more lazy, fat and unsociable. Give the reason for this, and a proposal for a solution.
The social and economic development should have resulted in a happier life. However, recently more and more parents are concerning their children have become lazy, fat and unsociable.
Thesis statement:
present opinions:
Cf. 44
Model introduction:
一边倒观点：
A recent survey indicates young people in their teens spend the vast majority of their spare time watching TV rather talking with other family members. （引入话题）Quite a few people insist that this phenomenon might bring quite a few negative effects, among which the unfavorable influence on the family relationship could be one of the most remarkable. To some extent this may be true, but in practice watching TV for a long time does not necessarily mean the aloof family relationship concerning the following aspects.
两边倒观点：
Recently, there is a growing tendency for students to enter boarding schools. On the other hand some people still prefer to go to day schools. In fact, both types of schools are indispensable to the society concerning the advantages and disadvantages of both.
综合练习：
Damage to environment is an inevitable consequence of the improvement in the standard of living. To what degree do you agree or disagree to this position?
The improvement of people’s living standard owes too much to the rapid development of science and technology. However, people nowadays are confronted with so many problems, particularly the deterioration of environment, air pollution and the explosive expansion of population. （引入话题）Some people claim that the damage to environment is an inevitable consequence of economic development. （转折提出自己观点）From my point of view, this is only an excuse for the ignorance of environmental protection.
中间段落的组织论证
?段落的构成特点
?段落的扩展方式
Write a paragraph
◆Topic sentence（主题句）
◆Supporting sentences（支持句）
段落内部论证常见问题：
①一段内有两个或两个以上的ts
②分论点(ts)论证不充分：
a.论点论据没有充足的扩展
b.论据不符合实际情况
c.论据不相关
d.论据不符合逻辑
Supporting sentences
①Explaining and defining
②Giving facts and examples
③Comparison and contrast
◆Explaining and defining
1)How:
Ex: The negative influence of TV
Watching TV too much tends to have an unfavorable influence on the family relationship, by this I mean if one spends the vast majority of his spare time on television, he will lack sufficient time for communication with the family members, which may possibly result in the aloofness in the family.
2) Why---Cause and effect
?Conj. & adv. Cf. p. 110
?N.: result/consequence/effect; reason/cause/factor
The reason why there is too much pressure on people is the fierce competition among the colleagues.
We have to bear the severe consequence that the deforestation is devouring our cities.
?V. :
result in/from, create, lead to, bring about, give rise to, contribute to …, attribute …to…,ascribe … to…
◆Giving facts and examples
Giving facts: （数据）
One research group finds that…
A study/research conducted by… shows that …
According to one recent survey,…
Examples:
国家，地名，名人；普通人/事；
The primarily reason is that old buildings, like native language, form a cultural identity and keep a unique record of a country. So old buildings are culturally valuable to a nation. For instance , Siheyuan, courtyard residence of Beijing, was once seen as the remains of the Old World, and was destroyed shortly after the founding of People’s Republic of China. But their economic values and
aesthetic appeals have just caught the attention of Chinese people. Not until recently have people and policy makers realized that this is an inexcusable crime because old buildings, once gone, are not restorable.
◆Comparison and contrast
?Comparison:
?Like X, Y …
?X is similar t o Y in that …
?One way in which X is similar to Y is that …
Cf. p.108
Like public schools, the private schools also have first-class teachers and advanced facilities.
?Contrast:
A …, -A …
1)On the other hand, conversely
通过选择麦当劳，你可以节省很多时间，而这在传统中餐厅里通常是需要的。
By choosing McDonalds, you can save a lot of time, which, conversely, is often required in a traditional Chinese restaurant.
If…/ lack of…/without… (另一方面) 如果/缺少…
… On the other hand, if a student has little knowledge of computer science, he will lag behind the times.
时间对比cf.讲义p.64
As we are ushered into a new era, the demand for labour has shifted its focus. In the past, companies only required their employees to be loyal and to follow the supervisors’ instructions to the letter. But nowadays, employees with imagination and creativity are most welcome in the job market. Therefore, the employer is always happy to see new faces and fresh ideas.
Should children be taught to compete or cooperate?
◆Furthermore, cooperation is a significant contributing factor to the development of society.
While competition generally ends in a win-lose result, cooperation advocates that one plus one is larger than two, three or even a larger number.解释说明/ For example, the competition of two business firms would ultimately lead to the result that one becomes stronger and the other fails and goes out of business. However, if they cooperate with each other successfully, they may group together to form an enterprise larger than the mere sum of the two. The more successful cooperation there is, the better the society develops.举例子/ Thus, cooperation should be taught to children, because eventually they will be the executives of important corporations.
雅思大作文开头段模板
雅思大作文开头段模板 第一大模板法：①引题+ ②一方观点+另一方观点+ ③我方观点 ①引题：九大引题方法 一：①在谈到……时，人们对于这个充满争议的话题所持的观点各不相同。 ①When talking about （/it comes to /it refers to) _____, people’s opinions are divergent on such a controversial 有争议的issue. 有分歧的 二：①最近经常辩论的一个问题是…… ①A much debated issue these days is whether …… ①There is a public (/general) debate (/discussion/ controversy) today (/nowadays) on (/about/ over/ as to) the problem (/issue) of …… 三：①最近……的问题已经引起了人们广泛的争议。 ①Recently the problem（/issue）of _____ + has drawn(/aroused) public (/worldwide) attention. + has caused(/aroused) wide (/general/ considerable/ international) concern. + has arisen(/loomed up/ cropped up) as controversial(/as noteworthy/ more distinctly for settlement). 四：①近来……的问题已经广为天下人所知。 ①Recently the issue(/problem) of ……has been in the limelight (/brought into focus/ brought to public attention/ posed among the general public). 在公众的注意之下 五：①在过去的……年里，很多城市面临了……的严重问题。 ①In recent(/ the past ……) years, many cities (/nations/ people) have been faced with (/plagued with/ troubled with/ experienced/ witnessed/ undergone) the(/a/an) serious problem of(/acute shortage of/ alarming increase in) …… 六：①如今我们国家面临的最为紧迫的任务之一是…… ①One of the burning(/pressing/interesting) problems facing (/confronting/ troubling) our nation (/society/ world/ community) today is that …… 七：①现在很多人谈论的最热门的话题之一是…… ①One of the biggest issues（/ hottest topics/ most popular things/ most serious problems）many people talk (/complain) about now is …… 八：①随着…… ①With the rapid(/marked/ amazing) development(/increase/improvement/expansion/growth/ decline) of __, ①With the general(/growing/ common) recognition (/realization/ acknowledgment) of _____, ①With the general (/growing/ common) commitment (/devotion/ dedication) to_____, ①With the general(/growing/ common) interest in(/concern over/ enthusiasm for)_____, ①With _____ playing an increasingly big role in _____, a growing number of _____. ①With _____ attaching much importance to _____, an increasing number of _____. 九：①如今有一种……趋势。 ①Nowadays(Currently/ Recently), there is a growing (/ unhealthy) tendency to (/in/ that) …… ②一方观点+ 另一方观点：两大表述方法 一：②一些人认为……，另一些人认为……。
国家开放大学答案基础写作课程形考任务1
一、教材中谈到写作要“言之有物”，此中之“物”，包括哪两个部分内容？请结合教材予以具体论述 答：所谓“言之有物”，就是要求写作成果有丰富而且具体的思想内容，能够反映作者对自然界、人类社会或人自身 的某种独特的体验或认识。它包括文本的材料和思想两方面 的因素。 文本的材料，材料有广义和狭义的区别，广义的材料是泛指已被作者关注并意识到有某种写作价值而予以收集积 累以被选用的一切原始材料，包括事实形态的、理论形态的 和数字形态的等等。狭义的材料，则是专指经过作者的选择， 已被或将被写进文本中的事实、理论和各种数据。 文本的思想，是指通过文本写作的主要内容所表达出来的某种总体性的、基本性的意旨或倾向。它体现作者的写作 意图和写作目的，代表着写作的意义和价值，决定阅读的效 果，在写作中处于核心地位。 二、有人说“材料重在选择，思想重在提炼”，结合自己的写作或阅读经验，谈谈你对此所持看法。 答：此观点正确。 写作者日常接触到的材料是十分的繁杂的，要使原始材料的积累真正具有写作价值，就要善于按照写作的规律的要 求对其进行识别和选择。
文本的思想需要提炼，是为使写作的规律大要求，使其 最终确立的文本思想达到真实、深刻、新颖的程度。 在写作之中，有效地选择和组织材料，是准确表达思想 的支柱。在一般的文本写作中，思想和材料往往同时出现， 因此，文本思想的确立和材料的支撑是融为一体的。在文学 创作中，文本思想隐含与材料之中而不直接说出，因此对材 料的选择和组织成为引导读者体验、理解、和接受文本思想 的唯一途径。 三、阅读散文《谢天》，谈谈典型材料的选用对文本思 想的表达所具有的重要作用。 “天”可以理解为大自然，可以理解为人世间的一切美好 的人、事、物，“谢”“天”，就是要对某种我们不了解的存在、 规律、原则有敬畏之心，有感激之心，有谦逊之心。 “富亦谢天，贫亦谢天，病亦谢天，苦亦谢天”。中国的“天”，与国外的“天”，是一样的，“谢”的情怀也是一样的。文章最后 一个自然段是对“谢天”的进一步阐释。 1）材料要具有代表性。在选择的符合思想表达要求的 同类材料中，最具有代表性，能够以一当十，在同类材料中 最具有代表性和说服力。 2）材料要最有启迪效果。所选的材料，，不只是被动 地或简单的完成或印证或体现作者思想表达的任务，而且能
《基础写作》课程教学大纲
《基础写作》课程教学大纲 第一部分大纲说明 一、课程的性质和教学目的 本课程是文科中国语言文学类汉语言文学专业专科教学的一门必修课程，也是其他各级各类专业的一门选修课。课程性质决定了其基础性地位。开设本门课程，旨在使学生通过学习，比较系统地掌握写作的基本理论和基础知识，熟悉写作的基本规律，培养学生写作一般文章所必须具备的基础能力。 本课程课内学时为36，共2学分，开设一个学期。 二、教学内容 本课程按导论、写作准备、写作过程、写作方式、文本要求、文本类型等几个方面为课程的基本框架。各部分既有侧重，更有联系，又都从不同的角度对写作的相关知识予以阐述。课程将本着拓展学生视野，为写作活动指点路径的基本思路开展教学工作。 三、教学媒体的使用 （一）文字教材 本课程以张杰主编的《基础写作》为基本教材，该教材是编制教学媒体、组织教学和复习考试的主要依据。编制文字辅助教材是为了辅助学生自学，为学生提供写作的素材，并增强写作兴趣。 （二）电视录像资源 录像教材为专题讲授型，由武汉大学人文学院张杰教授主讲，主要以文字教材涉及的几个大专题为讲授核心，突出解决教材中的重点问题，强化学生写作良好习惯的培养，通过电视手段直观演示学习、练习内容，使学生通过电视课的直观教学加深对文字主教材的理解和认识。 （三）网上辅导 1．在教学平台上开辟教学辅导栏目，及时发布教学重点与难点的辅导文章，定期刊载形式多样的练习题，供学生学习参考。 2．网上视频直播，讲解教学疑难问题。 3．利用BBS讨论板进行网上讨论，解答学生的问题，加强师生之间的沟通。 4．通过电子邮件的方式对学生提出的疑难问题进行解答，对学生进行个别辅导。 （四）直播课堂 根据教学情况安排，通过教育电视台播出，争取利用双向视频直播。
雅思写作大作文评分标准(英文版)
WRITING TASK 2: Band Descriptors (public version) Band Task response Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy 9 ?fully addresses all parts of the task ?presents a fully developed position in answer to the question with relevant, fully extended and well supported ideas ?uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention ?skilfully manages paragraphing ?uses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated control of lexical features; rare minor errors occur only as ‘slips’ ?uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy; rare minor errors occur only as ‘slips’ 8 ?sufficiently addresses all parts of the task ?presents a well-developed response to the question with relevant, extended and supported ideas ?sequences information and ideas logically ?manages all aspects of cohesion well ?uses paragraphing sufficiently and appropriately ?uses a wide range of vocabulary fluently and flexibly to convey precise meanings ?skilfully uses uncommon lexical items but there may be occasional inaccuracies in word choice and collocation ?produces rare errors in spelling and/or word formation ?uses a wide range of structures ?the majority of sentences are error-free ?makes only very occasional errors or inappropriacies 7 ?addresses all parts of the task ?presents a clear position throughout the response ?presents, extends and supports main ideas, but there may be a tendency to over-generalise and/or supporting ideas may lack focus ?logically organises information and ideas; there is clear progression throughout ?uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-/over-use ?presents a clear central topic within each paragraph ?uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision ?uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation ?may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word formation ?uses a variety of complex structures ?produces frequent error-free sentences ?has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors 6 ?addresses all parts of the task although some parts may be more fully covered than others ?presents a relevant position although the conclusions may become unclear or repetitive ?presents relevant main ideas but some may be inadequately developed/unclear ?arranges information and ideas coherently and there is a clear overall progression ?uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical ?may not always use referencing clearly or appropriately ?uses paragraphing, but not always logically ?uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task ?attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy ?makes some errors in spelling and/or word formation, but they do not impede communication ?uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms ?makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce communication 5 ?addresses the task only partially; the format may be inappropriate in places ?expresses a position but the development is not always clear and there may be no conclusions drawn ?presents some main ideas but these are limited and not sufficiently developed; there may be irrelevant detail ?presents information with some organisation but there may be a lack of overall progression ?makes inadequate, inaccurate or over-use of cohesive devices ?may be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitution ?may not write in paragraphs, or paragraphing may be inadequate ?uses a limited range of vocabulary, but this is minimally adequate for the task ?may make noticeable errors in spelling and/or word formation that may cause some difficulty for the reader ?uses only a limited range of structures ?attempts complex sentences but these tend to be less accurate than simple sentences ?may make frequent grammatical errors and punctuation may be faulty; errors can cause some difficulty for the reader 4 ?responds to the task only in a minimal way or the answer is tangential; the format may be inappropriate ?presents a position but this is unclear ?presents some main ideas but these are difficult to identify and may be repetitive, irrelevant or not well supported ?presents information and ideas but these are not arranged coherently and there is no clear progression in the response ?uses some basic cohesive devices but these may be inaccurate or repetitive ?may not write in paragraphs or their use may be confusing ?uses only basic vocabulary which may be used repetitively or which may be inappropriate for the task ?has limited control of word formation and/or spelling; errors may cause strain for the reader ?uses only a very limited range of structures with only rare use of subordinate clauses ?some structures are accurate but errors predominate, and punctuation is often faulty 3 ?does not adequately address any part of the task ?does not express a clear position ?presents few ideas, which are largely undeveloped or irrelevant ?does not organise ideas logically ?may use a very limited range of cohesive devices, and those used may not indicate a logical relationship between ideas ?uses only a very limited range of words and expressions with very limited control of word formation and/or spelling ?errors may severely distort the message ?attempts sentence forms but errors in grammar and punctuation predominate and distort the meaning 2?barely responds to the task ?does not express a position ?may attempt to present one or two ideas but there is no development ?has very little control of organisational features ?uses an extremely limited range of vocabulary; essentially no control of word formation and/or spelling ?cannot use sentence forms except in memorised phrases 1?answer is completely unrelated to the task ?fails to communicate any message ?can only use a few isolated words ?cannot use sentence forms at all ?does not attend ?does not attempt the task in any way ?writes a totally memorised response IELTS is jointly owned by the British Council, IDP: IELTS Australia and the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations (Cambridge ESOL). 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积累雅思大作文教育类话题
积累雅思大作文教育类话题 朗阁雅思考试研究中心 这篇文章主要探讨大学教育学费应该由谁来支付的问题。这个话题其实是模凌两可的，两方面观点都可以展开去说，并不像之前的题目那样有个明显的倾向性。所以，这对于考生来说并不是一个太难的题目，正反两方面内容，分论点，论据都比较充足。 ?学校的责任与重点 ?Some people say university students should pay for their tuition fees. Some other say the government should pay for the tuition fees. What is your opinion? 在回答这个题目的时候，考生需要注意以下几点：1. 不要用现实社会现状来当做理由和论据。可能很多学生会说现在全世界大多数国家的大学学费是需要学生来支付的，这其中必有道理。其实，这个题目的目的就是让考生去表达出自己的想法，然后加以证明即可。2. 不要纠结government. 根据朗阁雅思考试研究中心专家们的经验，很多考生可能都会说到学费可以由大学拉赞助，以奖学金的形式支付给学生。这里考生把重点放到了政府和学生之外的第三方。这种讨论并没有错，只是有一些非常规，不太符合雅思的要求。一般的雅思话题都有两个完全的对立面。如果考生认为应该由第三方来解决的话，那么可以把这一条放在最后的结尾，当成一个建议来说，而不是放到主体段，否则会干扰考生的观点。3. 很多学生会想到很多贫穷的家庭付不起学费这个观点。这个观点看起来似乎合情合理，但其实不然。因为学生负担不起并不代表政府就有义务来支付。如果按照这个逻辑，那很多家庭买不起车，政府难道还要帮每个家庭买车吗？所以，这个论证的关键在于强调教育是基本权利的问题。 Pros: (Government) ?政府有责任和义务来支付学生的学费。教育是学生的基本权利，不应该有人因为金钱问题，支付不起学费而被剥夺接受教育的权利。无论如何，政府最重要的职责都 是带动社会发展与推进。在现今社会，科技逐渐成为一个国家经济，社会发展的重 要推动力。如何能够掌握这些先进科学技术知识就成为了政府职责的重中之重。显 然，培养各个领域的人才是掌握这些科技的重要手段和方法。所以，向大众提供教
雅思大作文开头结尾
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