张培基:英译中国现代散文选1学习笔记之【艰难的国运和雄健的国民-李大钊】

张培基:英译中国现代散文选1学习笔记之【艰难的国运和雄健的国民-李大钊】
张培基:英译中国现代散文选1学习笔记之【艰难的国运和雄健的国民-李大钊】

艰难的国运和雄健的国民

◎李大钊历史的道路,是不会平坦的,有时走到艰难险阻的境界。这是全靠雄健的精神才能够冲过去的。

一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河,有时流到很宽阔的境界,平原无际,一泻万里。有时是流到很逼狭的境界,两岸丛山迭岭,绝壁断崖,江河流于其间,回环曲折,极其险峻。民族生命的见展,其经历亦复如是。

人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样,旅途上的征人所经过的地方,有时是坦荡的平原,有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人,走到平坦的地方,因是高高兴兴地向前走,走到崎岖的境界,愈是奇趣横生,觉得在此奇绝壮觉的境界,愈能够感到一种冒险的美趣。

中华民族现在所逢的史路,是一段崎岖险阻的道路。在这一段道路上,实在亦有一种奇绝壮觉的境致,使我们经过此段道路上的人,感得一种壮美的趣味。但这种壮美的趣味,是非有雄健的精神不能够感觉到的。

我们的扬子江、黄河,可以代表我们的民族精神,扬子江及黄河遇见沙漠、遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去,以成其浊流滚滚,一泻万里的魄势。目前艰难的境界,那能阻抑我们民族生命的前进。我们应该拿出雄健的精神,高唱着进步的曲调,在这悲壮的歌声中,走过这崎岖险阻的道路。要知在艰难的

国运中建造国家,亦是人生最有趣味的事......。

National Crisis vs Heroic Nation

◎Li Dazhao The course of history is never smooth.It is sometimes beset with difficultie s and obstacles and nothing short of1a heroic spirit can help surmount them.

The mighty Yangtse River sometimes flows through a broad section2with plains lying boundless on either side,its waters rolling on vigorously for thousa nds upon thousands of miles.3Sometimes it flows to a narrow section flanked b y high mountains and steep cliffs,zigzagging in dangerous twists and turns4.A nation,in the course of its development,fares likewise.

The historical course of man’s life is just like a journey.A traveler on a long journey passes through now a broad,level plain,now a rugged,dangerous roa d.While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place,he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged pla ce,the enormously magnificent spectacle of which,he feels,is better able to ge nerate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.The Chinese nation is now c onfronted with a rugged and dangerous section of its historical course.There is also in this section a spectacle of enormous magnificence that inspires in us pa ssers-by a delightful sensation of splendor.And this delightful sensation,howe ver,can only be shared by those with a heroic spirit.

The Yangtze River and the Yellow River are both symbolic of our national s pirit.The two mighty rivers negotiate5deserts and gorges until6their turbid torr ents surge forward with irresistible force.The present national crisis can never obstruct the advance of our national life.Let us brace up our spirits and march t hrough this rugged,dangerous road to the tune of our solemn,stirring songs.T he greatest joy of life,mind you,7is to build up our country during its most diffic ult days….

李大钊(1888-1927)此原文载1923年12月20日《新国民》第1卷第2

号,短小隽永,堪称一首诗意盎然的抒情散文诗。译文除文字须符合英语规范外,应力求传达原文的形象、诗一般的美感和雍容警策的笔调。

个人学习笔记:

历史的道路,不会是坦平的,有时走到艰难险阻的境界。这是全靠雄健的精神才能冲过去的。

The course of history is never smooth. It is sometimes beset with

difficulties and obstacles and nothing short of a heroic spirit can help surmount them.

1、the course of,course在文学以及非文学翻译中都是非常常见的表示道路,进程的词汇,政府工作报告等政经类文章也常看到。

2、平坦的=smooth ,flat, plain

3、文学翻译的一个特点——并不需要字字对应,beset 也是一个重点词汇,常见意思为“困扰,使苦恼”,用法为beset (sb)with sth,注意这个词的过去式和过去分词都是beset,而现在分词形式是besetting,故“走到”的意义即可用此方式来译。

4、艰难险阻difficulties and obstacles

5、Nothing short of =only ,文学翻译中的only经常用nothing more than 等词组代替,另外merely的情况小编目前学习分析未得而知!

有时流到很逼狭的境界,两岸丛山迭岭,绝壁断崖,江河流于期间,回环曲折,极其险峻(4)。民族生命的进展,其经历亦复如是。

Sometimes it comes up against a narrow section flanked by high mountains and steep cliffs, winding through a course with many a perilous twist and turn. A nation, in the course of its development, fares likewise.

1、come up against表(突然或意外)碰到(困难,反对),又体现了大师用词的慎重和精准,section上句已做分析

2、翻译“两岸丛山迭岭,绝壁断崖”时,首先要理解句子最本质的意思,

其实就是“河流流到了很狭窄的地段,这个地段两岸有高山和陡崖”,用flank(动词意为“位于。。。的两侧”)作后置定语修饰section,真的很绝~

3、Wind作动词有蜿蜒,曲折前进的意思,常与through, along连用,表

沿着…曲折前进,)“回环曲折,极其险峻”译为winding through a course

with many a perilous twist and turn,其中twist and turn来自成语twists and turns。此句亦可译为following a dangerous tortuous course。

4、Course出镜率极高,参见上面的分析

5、Fare=进展,经历

旅费,车费,食物

7、Likewise,副词,同样地,也,而且

志于旅途的人,走到平坦的地方,因是高高兴兴地向前走,走到崎岖的境界,俞是奇趣横生,觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界,俞能感到一种冒险的美趣。

While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.

1、determined=坚定的,坚决的

2、while在此表微弱的让步,做汉译英时,增译关联词也是非常重要的

3、be better able to do更能…

4、“感到一种冒险的美趣”意即“一种敢于冒险的美妙感觉”,原译为a

wonderful

Sensation of adventure。使某人产生(感觉)generate in sb a feeling(sensation) of ,比如叶圣陶的《我坐了木船》中“叫你不愿领教”就

译为“generate in me a feeling of repulsion”。

5、“奇趣横生”意即“极度吸引人”,故译为fascinating。

6、“奇绝壮绝”意即“无限壮观”,故译为the enormously magnificent

spectacle。

中华民族现在所逢的史路,是一段崎岖险阻的道路。在这段道路上,实在亦有一种奇绝壮绝的境至,使我们经过此段道路的人,感得一种壮美的趣味,是非有雄健的精神的,不能够感觉到的。

The Chinese nation is now confronted with a rugged and dangerous section of its historical course. Nevertheless, there is also in this section a spectacle of enormous magnificence that inspires in us passers-by a delightful sensation of splendor. And this delightful sensation, however, can only be shared by those with a heroic spirit.

1、be confronted with=be faced with,表“面临”,常用词组,有时政经类的文章中出现“面临…挑战”也常用be challenged by

2、section和course,前面已经说了很多

3、nevertheless 增译的关联词,一般来说增减词有三个目的“使行文明

确,表强调,以及为了表达生动”

4、“使…感到”=inspire in sb,是时候放弃make了童鞋们~

5、“是非有。。。”=“只有。。。”这句话在翻译时也是要理解其意思

的,此处的only不能用别的替换哦

6、“奇绝壮绝”意为“无限壮观”,译为“the enormously magnificent

spectacle”

原书注释:

(1)“这是全靠雄健的精神才能冲过去的”译为nothing short of a heroic spirit can help surmount them,其中nothing short of 相当于nothing less than 或only。

(2)“宽阔的境界”须按上下文译为a broad section。“境界”在这里不宜译为realm、place、area等。

(3)“一泻万里”译为rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles,但也可译为rolling on vigorously for tens of thousands of miles或rolling on for thousands of miles at a stretch。

(4)“回环曲折,极其险峻”译为winding through a course with many a perilous twist and turn,其中twist and turn来自成语twists and turns。此句亦可译为following a dangerous tortuous course。

(5)“征人”即“远行之人”,故译“旅途上的征人”为a traveler on a long journey。

(6)“有时……,有时……”译为now……now……(sometimes……and sometimes……。)

(7)“奇趣横生”意即“极度吸引人”,故译为fascinating。

(8)“奇绝壮绝”意即“无限壮观”,故译为the enormously magnificent spectacle。

(9)“感到一种冒险的美趣”意即“一种敢于冒险的美妙感觉”,原译为a wonderful sensation of adventure。

(10)“遇见沙漠,遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去,以成其浊流滚滚,一泻万里的魄势”译为negotiate deserts and gorges until their turbid torrents surge forward with irresistible force, 其中动词to negotiate 的意思是“顺利通过”(to succeed in getting past something difficult)。注意until在这里的用法。它在此不作“直到……为止”解,而是so that finally(“以至于……”或“最后”)的意思。

(11)“要知”译为mind you,插入句中。成语mind you的意思是mind what I say 或however, 相当于汉语的“请注意”或“说真的”。

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