中考英语祈使句讲解及练习 (1)

中考英语祈使句讲解及练习 (1)
中考英语祈使句讲解及练习 (1)

(五)祈使句

一. 祈使句的句式特征

祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。例如:Keep off the grass!勿踩草地!

Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。

二. 祈使句的肯定句式

祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。例如:

Make sentences after the model.

2. Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如:Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。

3. Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。例如:Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。三. 祈使句的否定句式

祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never,一般分为以下四种类型:1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t,构成“Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分”。例如:

Don’t say that again!别再那样说了!2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t,构成“Don’t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)”。例如:Don’t be careless.不要粗心。

注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。

3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种:

(1)Let开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格,可在Let前加Don’t,也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句,必须在Let’s后加not。例如:

Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow.

不要让我明天跟她一起去。

Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.

无论什么时候我们碰到她,都不要告诉她真相。

4. 在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。例如:

NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!

四. 祈使句的反意问句

祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲

话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式:

1. 祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时,用won’t you。例如:

Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信,好吗?

Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you?

今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗?

2. 祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如:

Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you?

不要在会议室抽烟,好吗?

3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除Let’s用shall we外,其他均用will you。例如:

Let the boy go first, will you?让个那男孩先走,好吗?

Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we?

晚饭后我们去散步,好吗?

五. 祈使句的回答

祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两

点:一是“形式一致”,即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致。二是“意思相反”,即Yes是“不”的意思;No是“是”的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如:

--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside.

请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。

---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.

不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。

六. 祈使句与陈述句的并列使用

祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时,要用并列连词and来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时,要用并列连词or来连接。例如:

Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.

把它留给我吧,我想想有没有办法。

Hurry up, or we’ll be late.

快点,否则我们要迟到了。

七. 祈使句与条件状语从句的连用

祈使句与条件状语从句连用时,条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如:

Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.

如果他明天来这儿的话,叫他给我来个电话。

八. 祈使句的强调形式

祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前

加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。例如:Do shut up!快住口!

九. 特殊形式的祈使句

在英语中,有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句,而是以一个名词短语来充当,且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上,这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如:

More water and the young trees couldn’t have died. =If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died.

如果你给那些小树多浇点水,他们就不会死了。

( )1. __________ late again next time.

A. Be

B. Don’t be

C. Don’t to be

D. Not be

( )2. Let’s __________ our time.

A.no waste B. not waste

C. not to waste D . not wasting

1. (2009·安顺中考) “Sorry for being late again.”“________ here on time next time, or you’ll be punished.”

A. Be

B. Being

C. To be

D. Been

2. (2009·淄博中考) -May I listen to the music here, Mr. White?

-Sorry, you’d better it like that.

A. not to do

B. not do

C. don’t do

D. not do to

3. (2009·哈尔滨中考) Boys and girls, ________ up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp(夏令营).

A. putting

B. to put

C. put

4. (2008·资阳中考) “_______ exercise every day, my child. It’s good for your health.” Father said. A. Taking B. To take C. Take

D. Takes

5. (2008·芜湖中考) _________ this kind of peach, and you will like it.

A. To try

B. Trying

C. Try

D. Tried

7. (2008·嘉兴中考) Ssh! ________ talk loudly. The

baby is sleeping right now.

A. Do

B. Does

C. Don’t

D. Doesn’t

9. (2007·北京市课标卷中考) Don’t _______ too much TV. It’s bad for your eyes.

A. watch

B. watched

C. watching

D. to watch

10. (2007·重庆中考) ________ sleep too late. It’s bad for your health.

A. Do

B. Not

C. Don’t

D. Please not

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