高考英语任务型阅读习题及答案doc

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1．Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A problem shared can be a problem doubled

People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they'll gain some idea on how to solve them. And even if they don't find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health. ________ The term psychologist's use for negative problem sharing is "co-rumination". Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems too much, repeatedly going over the same problems, expecting future problems and focusing on negative feelings. It is more about keeping talking about problems than solving them. ________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with "high-quality" and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).

If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate. ________ So if two people believe rumination is beneficial, then working together to co-ruminate to find answers may seem like a useful thing to do, as two heads may appear better than one. But focusing on problems and negative emotion together can increase negative beliefs and moods — and result in a greater need to co-ruminate.

Traditionally, therapy has not prioritised handling rumination or co-rumination directly as maintaining factors in psychological problems. Instead, approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have aimed to challenge only the content of rumination. Humanistic approaches such as counselling have provided conditions to potentially ruminate on the content of problems. And psychodynamic (心理动力的) approaches such as psychoanalysis have aimed to analyze the content of rumination.

________ But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination — regardless of whether the client's symptoms improve or not.

And, on the social side, discussing problems with friends doesn't always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties, and a problem shared can really be a problem halved.

A. According to a leading theory on rumination, people believe that it will help them find answers and make them feel better.

B. How you co-ruminate matters too.

C. Focusing on the content of rumination runs the risk of fostering co-rumination between client and therapist.

D. How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.

E. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and tiredness, one study

suggests.

F. Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword.

【答案】 D；F；A；C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。与朋友过多地讨论问题，反复讨论同样的问题，期待未来的问题，并关注负面情绪，这种被称为"共同反刍"。共同反刍是一把双刃剑，可能会让问题减半，也可能会让问题加倍。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health."可知拥有亲密的朋友确实可以很好地缓解心理健康状况。后文，也就是从第二段开始作者介绍了共同反刍的涵义和利弊。空格处需要承上启下，D. How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it."但是，如何讨论问题可能是将问题减半或加倍问题的区别。"切题，故选D。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后"In a study…with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys)."可知下文介绍了一项涉及7至15岁儿童的研究，研究发现男孩和女孩的共同反刍与"高质量"和亲密的友谊有关。然而，在女孩中，它也与焦虑和抑郁有关。说明共同反刍既有利也有弊。承上启下， F. Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword."研究发现共同反刍是把双刃剑"切题。F项的researches与后文的the study相呼应。故选F。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate."可知作者想用个人反刍的理论来更好地解释朋友间的共同反刍。承接上文， A. According to a leading theory on rumination, people believe that it will help them find answers and make them feel better."根据反刍的主要理论，人们相信反刍会帮助他们找到答案并让他们感觉更好。"切题。A项 a leading theory on rumination与前文中的the theory behind why individuals ruminate相呼应。故选A。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后"But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination —regardless of whether the client's symptoms improve or not."可知在如果在治疗时出现了这件事(this)，强烈的治疗关系很可能是共同反刍的积极结果- 无论客户的症状是否有所改善。空格处需要解释后文this指代的是什么，即什么发生了。呼应下文， C. Focusing on the content of rumination runs the risk of fostering co-rumination between client and therapist."专注于反刍的内容存在促进客户和治疗师之间共同反思的风险。"切题。后文this指代的就是C项的内容。故选C。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

2．（2019?江苏）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

The Cost of Thinking

Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.

The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals (哺乳动物) weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.

The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull (倾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes (类人猿) require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee (黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.

Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.

Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.

We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.

physical；beat；fearful/afraid

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人用大脑思考的代价。人类与动物相比有两大特点：大大的大脑和直立行走。超大的大脑使人类拥有更高的智商，但却消耗巨大的能量。直立行走让人类擅长寻找食物和抵御敌人，解放了的双手来更复杂的事。但却让人类遭受腰痛和颈部疼痛等。人类成为地球上最强大的动物，享受无与伦比的优势，却对食肉动物怀有恐惧。

（1）信息归纳题。根据第一段“all human beings share defining characteristics ,such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.”可知，大脑袋和双腿直立行走的能力是人类共有的特点(characteristics)。故填characteristics。

（2）信息归纳题。此题就是对第三段内容的总结。第三段主要叙述了人类的大脑大的缺点。因此本空格填写disadvantages。

（3）信息来源题。根据第三段中的“a huge brain is a huge drain--consumption of en ergy ”以及“It (the brain) consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest.By comparison the brains of apes require only 8% of rest- time energy”可知，人类巨大的大脑是一个巨大的能量消耗。当身体处于休息时，大脑要消耗25%的身体能量。相比之下，类人猿的大脑只需要8%的休息时间能量。人类与动物相比，动物需要的能量（energy）要比人类少。故填energy。

（4）信息归纳题。分析空后的75--78小题所在的第五段和第六段的内容可知，此部分主要叙述了直立行走对人类的影响。故填impact(s)。

（5）信息转换题。根据第五段的第一句“Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies.”可知，另一个独特的人类特征是我们直立行走。站起来，更容易找到食物或敌人。找到敌人，就是为了防御敌人。因为or为连词，在此句中连结两个动词短语，故空格填动词。“guard against...”为固定搭配，意为“防御......”，故填guard。

（6）信息来源题。根据第五段中的”...their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes ,like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands. ”可知，解放了的双手可以用于做其它的事，即有其它的目的。故填other。

（7）信息归纳题。根据第五段“walking upright has disadvantages. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on four and a relative

small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge , especially when the bones had to support an extra -large skull.” 可知，直立行走也有缺点。我们祖先进化了上百亿年，骨骼也只能支撑四肢行走和有一个相对较小的头。直立行走对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，限制了人的头脑的大小。故本空填limits。

（8）信息转换题。根据第六段“..., Humankind paid for its vision and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.” 可知，直立对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，人类为自己的视力和灵巧的双手付出了代价，换来的是腰酸背痛和脖子疼痛。由此得出，直立导致身体方面的(physical)痛苦，故填physical。

（9）信息归纳题。根据最后一段“We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.”可知，我们假设大脑越大，优势越大。很明显，这些使得人类成为地球上最强大的动物。由此可推断出我们的大脑比动物大，在智力方面人类比动物更聪明，即在智力方面击败了(beat)其他动物。故填beat。

（10）信息归纳题。根据最后一段“...humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they weak and marginal creatures. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat--eating animals.”可知，尽管人类享受着所有这些优势，但也是弱小的生物。因此尽管拥有巨大的大脑和锋利的石器，但也曾经对食肉动物仍旧害怕/恐惧。因为空前是系动词，故本空要填形容词(afraid/fearful)可知，此处要填名词，故填fearful/afraid。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，信息转换题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

3．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。

Pretending you're someone else can make you creative

One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: We are either "creative" people or we aren't, without much of a middle ground.

Pillay, a tech businessman and Harvard professor has spent a good part of his career destroying these ideas. Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to "believe in yourself". In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.

In a recent column for Harvard Business Review, Pillay pointed to a 2016 study showing the impact of stereotypes(刻板印象)on one's behavior. The authors, education psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college student subjects into three categories, instructing the members of one group to think of themselves as "eccentric(古怪的) poets" and the members of another to imagine they were "rigid librarians" (people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part). The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many

different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as "eccentric poets" came up with the widest range of ideas for the objects, while those in the "rigid librarian" group had the fewest. Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of "eccentric poets" came up with more ideas than the art majors did. These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a "malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective." Everyone can be creative, as long as they feel like creative people.

Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else. This exercise, which he calls "psychological halloweenism", refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of "conscious unfocus", a way of positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought.

Most of us spend too much time worrying about two things: How successful/unsuccessful we are, and how little we're focusing on the task at hand. The former feeds the latter—an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe. Thus, we force ourselves into quiet areas, buy noise canceling headphones, and hate ourselves for taking breaks.

What makes Pillay's argument stand out is its healthy, forgiving realism: According to him, most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of "unfocus". This doesn't make us lazy people—it makes us human. The idea behind psychological halloweenism is: What if we stopped judging ourselves for our mental down time, and instead started using it? Putting this new idea on daydreaming means addressing two problems at once: You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.

Title: Pretending you're someone else can make you creative

creativity；individual/personal；positively；subscribes；realistic/practical；forgive

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了假装你是别人会让你更有创造力。

（1）考查信息归纳。根据第一段中的“One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways.”可知，我们大多数人对自己要么有创造力要么没有创造力的想法印象深刻:两者之间不存在中间地带。故答案为fascinated/impressed。

（2）考查信息归纳。根据第二段中的“Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to ’believe in yourself‘. In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.”可知，与普遍的看法相反，皮莱的建议是，你应该相信你是别人。故答案为Contrary。

（3）考查信息归纳。根据第三段中的“instructing the members of one group to th ink of themselves as ’eccentric(古怪的) poets‘ and the members of another to imagine they were ’rigid librarians‘(people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part).”可知，其中一组被要求认为自己是“古怪的诗人”，另一组是“刻板的图书管理员”，第三组作为对照组。故答案为worked/acted/served/functioned。

（4）考查句义理解。根据第三段中的“The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary objects，including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one.”可知，前两组被要求为每个给定对象想出尽可能多的不同用途。故答案为given。

（5）考查句义理解。根据第三段中的“Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of ’eccentric poets‘ came up with more ideas than the art majors did.”可知，学生的创造力水平并不总是与专业类型成正比。故答案为creativity。

（6）考查原词复现。根据第四段中的“These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a ’malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective.‘”可知，因此，创造力可能是环境和视角的产物，而不是个人的东西。故答案为individual/personal。

（7）考查信息归纳。根据第五段中的”This exercise, which he calls “psychological halloweenism", refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of ’conscious unfocus‘, a way of positively stimulating the

default mode(默认模式) network.“可知，"psychological halloweenism"的实施是指通过积极刺激默认模式网络，有意识地成为他人的行为。故答案为positively。

（8）考查句义理解。根据最后一段中的”Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else.“可知，Pillay坚决支持把你想象成别人的观点，并建议我们不要担心自己有多成功或不成功。故答案为subscribes。

（9）考查概括总结。根据右栏内容可知这里在讲述“演习的现实意义”。故答案为realistic/practical。

（10）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”You're making yourself more creative, a nd you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.“可知，我们完全有权利原谅自己注意力不集中，因为这不仅是人性的表现，而且还能让我们更有创造力和富有成效。故答案为forgive。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，句义理解，原词复现，概括总结和推理判断五个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

4．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

If there is one word to describe the progress made in the last 100 years, it's connectedness. From the telephone to the radio to the TV to the Internet, we have found ways to bring us all closer together, enabling，constant worldly access.

I don't think I need to highlight the benefits of all this. But the downsides are also beginning to show. Beyond the current talk about privacy and data collection, there is perhaps an even more detrimental side-effect here: We now live in a world where we're connected to everything except ourselves. According to Pascal, we fear the silence of existence, and we dread boredom and instead choose aimless distraction and use the noise of the world to block out the discomfort of dealing with ourselves.

However, we ignore the fact that never facing ourselves is why we feel lonely an anxious in spite of being so intimately connected to everything else around us.

Fortunately, there is a solution. The only way to avoid being ruined by this is to face it. It's to let the boredom take you where it wants so you can deal with whatever it is that is really going on with your sense of self. That's when you'll hear yourself think, and learn to engage the parts of you that are masked by distraction.

The beauty of this is that, once you cross that initial barrier, you realize that being alone isn't so bad. Boredom can provide its own stimulation.

When you surround yourself with moments of solitude and stillness, you become intimately familiar with your environment in a way that forced stimulation doesn't allow. The world becomes richer, the layers start to peel back, and you see things for what they really are, in all their wholeness, in all their contradictions, and in all their unfamiliarity.

You learn that there are things you are capable of paying attention to than just what makes the most noise on the surface. Just because a quiet room doesn't scream with excitement like the idea of immersing yourself in a movie or a TV show doesn't mean there isn't depth to explore there.

Sometimes, the direction that this solitude leads you in can be unpleasant, especially when it comes to introspection (内省)—your thoughts and your feelings, your doubts and your hopes—but in the long term, it's far more pleasant than running away from it all without even realizing what you are.

Being alone and connecting inwardly is a skill nobody ever teaches us. That's ironic because it's more important than most of the ones they do.

Solitude may not be the solution to everything, but it certainly is a start.

blame；solution(s)；Instead/Rather/Actually；comprehensive/thorough/ overall；exploring；loneliness

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，信息技术的发展让我们可以和除了自己以外的一切事物保持联系，也让我们害怕孤独和无聊。事实上，独处不仅能让我们克服这种恐惧，也能让我们认清自己和更全面的看清问题。孤独也许不是解决一切问题的办法，但它确实是一个开始。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”But the downsides are also beginning to show. Beyond

the current talk about privacy and data collection, there is perhaps an even more detrimental side-effect here: We now live in a world where we're connected to everything except ourselves.“可知，让人们变得更近的科技最近展示出了缺点，那就是我们生活在一个除了和自己，我们和一切都有联系的世界。故可推出"科技的发展"和"我们和一切都有联系，除了自己"之间是转折意义。填Although/Though/While。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”We now live in a world where we're connected to everything except ourselves“可知我们生活在这样的一个世界，除了自己我们和一切都有联系，即我们没能与自己联系，fail to do sth，固定短语，"没能做某事"。空格处是主句谓语动词，一般现在时，主语是we，故用动词原形，填fail。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”we fear the silence of existence“可知我们害怕独处。此处考查用a__________ state of existence替换silence of existence，通过分析可知空格处应填形容词，a silent/quiet state of existence=silence of existence(独处)。故填silent/quiet。（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”we dread boredom and instead choose aimless distraction and use the noise of the world to block out the discomfort of dealing with ourselv es.“可知我们害怕无聊，取而代之，我们选择漫无目的的分散注意力，用世界的噪音来阻止我们面对自己时的不舒适感觉。故第4空处可译为We feel so uncomfortable when dealing with ourselves that we __________ from it all我们在面对自己时感到如此不舒适以至于我们想要躲避/逃离/退缩，此处是句子谓语动词，根据feel判断为一般现在时，主语是we，故用动词原形，填escape/ hide/ shrink/ withdraw。

（5）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”However, we ignore the fact that never facing ourselves is why we feel lonely an anxious“可知，我们却忽略了事实，那就是从未面对过自己是我们感到孤独和焦虑的原因。never facing ourselves is to ________ for our feeling lonely and anxious.从未面对过自己应为我们的孤独感和焦虑感负责。此处用be to blame for”对……负责“符合文意，由to判断此处用动词原形。故填blame。

（6）考查原词重现。根据此空后面列举的内容可知，它们都是解决孤独的方法，且原文中”Fortunately, there is a solution.“也有提示，根据the判断此处填名词。故填solution(s)。（7）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的”you realize that being alone isn't so bad. Boredom can provide its own stimulation.“可知你会意识到孤独并没有那么糟糕，无聊会提供它自己的刺激。Being alone isn't so bad. __________ , you'll be stimulated by boredom.独处并没有那么糟糕，相反/事实上，无聊会刺激你，符合文意，又此处是修饰句子，应用副词，故填Instead/Rather/Actually。

（8）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的”The world becomes richer, the layers start to peel back, and you see things for what they really are, in all their wholeness, in all their contradictions, and in all their unfamiliarity.“可知独处时世界变得丰富，层次开始剥落，你看到事物的本质，它们的全部，它们的矛盾处，和它们的陌生处，即你对看到的事物有更全透彻的理解。再结合名词views判断此处应填形容词，故填comprehensive/thorough/ overall。

（9）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的”Just becaus e a quiet room doesn't scream with excitement like the idea of immersing yourself in a movie or a TV show doesn't mean there isn't depth to explore there.“可知，仅仅因为一个安静的房间不会让你兴奋的尖叫，就像你沉浸

在一场精彩的电影或电视节目一样，这并不意味着没有深度去探索，即安静的环境可以让人集中精力去深度探索。故此处用"探索"符合文意，在结合前面的of判断此处应用动名词形式。故填exploring。

（10）考查推理判断。本文主要讲害怕孤独对我们的危害，以及独处和无聊的好处，再结合”Solitude is the first step you should take to save yourself from being ruined by ________ and anxiety.“可知独处是你避免被孤独和焦虑毁掉所采取的第一步，可以总结本文，又根据and anxiety可知空格处应填名词。故填loneliness。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和原词重现三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而写出正确答案。

5．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

If you're a gamer who's constantly glued to your phone, it could be time to ask for medical help. On June 18, 2018, the World Health Organization（WHO）officially listed “gaming disorder” as a mental health condition. ________

“Video gaming is like a non-financial kind of gambling（赌博）from a psychological point of view,” Mark Griffiths, a professor from Nottingham Tren t University in the UK, told the Associated Press（AP）. “Gamblers use money as a way of keeping score, while gamers use points.”

________“People need to understand this doesn't mean every child who spends hours in their room playing games is an addict, otherwise doctors are going to be flooded with requests for help,” Joan Harvey, a spokeswoman for the British Psychological Society, told AP.

________ For example, a 21-year-old Chinese woman surnamed Wu in Guangdong province went blind in one eye afte r playing the mobile game King of Glory for a whole day. “On days when I have no work, I usually get up at 6 am, eat breakfast and play until 4 pm,” she told the South China Morning Post. “Then I'll eat something, have a nap（小睡）and play until 1 am.”

Wu isn't alone. According to a study published by China Youth Daily, about one in five young Chinese people play online video games for at least four to five hours per day. ________ In April, the Ministry of Education issued a notice asking Chinese schools and parents to prevent students from becoming addicted to the Internet and games.

Other countries have also taken action. ________ Meanwhile, in Japan, some mobile phones have a special mode for children that lets their parents control what games they can download and how long they can play.

A. This means it's now on the same list as other mental illnesses.

B. Thankfully, measures have been taken to deal with the problem.

C. We often see people around us playing games on their mobile phones.

D. In South Korea, children are forbidden to play video games after midnight.

E. WHO's main work is to improve the mental health of individuals and society.

F. But if you lose control over your gaming habits, you'll face serious problems.

G. However, it doesn't matter if you play your favorite game now and then.

【答案】 A；G；F；B；D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。根据《中国青年报》发表的一项研究，大约五分之一的中国年轻人每天至少玩四到五个小时的网络游戏。值得庆幸的是，已经采取了措施来解决这个问题。如果你是一个经常沉迷于手机的游戏玩家，那么是时候寻求医疗帮助了。（1）上文提示“2018年6月18日,世界卫生组织(世卫组织) “游戏障碍”作为心理健康状况正式上市。”承接上文，A项 This means it's now on the same list as other mental illnesses.“这意味着它现在和其他精神疾病在同一个名单上。”切题。故答案选A。

（2）上段最后一句提示“赌徒用金钱作为记分的一种方式，而游戏玩家则用分数。”下文提示“人们需要明白，这并不意味着每个花钱在他们的房间里玩几个小时的游戏的孩子是一种瘾，否则医生将会收到大量的求助请求。”承接上下文，G项 However, it doesn't matter if you play your favorite game now and then.（然而，你是否偶尔玩你最喜欢的游戏并不重要。）切题。该项中的However表示一种转折关系，故答案选G。

（3）下文提示“例如，广东省一名21岁的吴女士在玩了一整天的“荣耀之王”手机游戏后，一只眼睛失明了。”承接下文，F项 But if you lose control over your gaming habits, you'll face serious problems.（但是如果你不能控制你的游戏习惯，你将面临严重的问题。）切题。故答案选F。

（4）上文提示“根据《中国青年报》发表的一项研究，大约五分之一的中国年轻人每天至少玩四到五个小时的网络游戏。”再根据下文提示“今年4月，教育部发布通知，要求中国的学校和家长防止学生沉迷于网络和游戏。”承接上下文，B项Thankfully, measures have been taken to deal with the problem.（值得庆幸的是，已经采取了措施来解决这个问题。）切题。故答案选B。

（5）上文提示“其他国家也采取了行动。”再根据下文提示“与此同时，在日本，一些手机为孩子们提供了一种特殊的模式，让他们的父母可以控制他们可以下载什么游戏，可以玩多长时间。”承接上下文，D项In South Korea, children are forbidden to play video games after midnight.（在韩国，孩子们被禁止在午夜之后玩电子游戏。）切题。故答案选D。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

6．根据短文内容，从短文后的7个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Social Phobia

It is natural to feel nervous, or shy in front of others at times. Most people manage to get through these moments when they need to. ________ It's probably more than shyness. It may build up into a powerful fear. As a result, people feel uncomfortable participating in everyday social activities. This is called social phobia (also called social anxiety).

________ It prevents them from chatting with friends in the lunch time, joining an after-school club, or going to a party. Sometimes, they even feel too nervous to ask a question in class or go to a teacher for help. Social phobia not only prevents people from trying new things. It also prevents

them from making the normal, everyday mistakes that may help people improve their skills even further

It is really sad, isn't it? But the good news is that people with social phobia can learn to manage fear, develop confidence and communicating skills and stop avoiding things that make them nervous. Of course it's not always easy. Dealing with social phobia takes the willingness patience and courage to face fears. ________

Therapists (治疗师) can help people create a plan for facing social fears and build the skills and confidence to overcome it. And family or friends are especially important for them. ________They can encourage them to pick a small goal to aim for, remind them to go for it, and be there when they might feel discouraged.

Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can learn to be more comfortable. ________ As shyness and fears begin to melt, confidence and positive feelings build. Pretty soon, the person is thinking less about what might feel uncomfortable and more about what might be fun.

A. Friends can overcome their fears easily.

B. But for someone, the anxiety can be extreme.

C. They are not able to make eye contact with classmates.

D. Social phobia makes people lonely or disappointed over missed opportunities.

E. Each small step forward helps build enough confidence to take the next small step.

F. It also takes an action to go forward rather than back away when feeling shy.

G. The support from those key people helps them gather the courage to try something new.

【答案】 B；D；F；G；E

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何处理社交恐惧的几点建议。

（1）根据本空后的“It's probably more than shyness.”可知，它可能不仅仅是害羞，此处是说焦虑对有些人有很不好的影响，故B项（但是对某些人来说，焦虑可能是极端的）符合语境。

（2）根据本空后的“It prevents them from chatting with friends in the lunch time, joining an after-school club, or going to a party.”可知，它阻止他们在午餐时间和朋友聊天、参加课外俱乐部或聚会，此处应该提到一种社交障碍，故D项（社交恐惧症让人对错过的机会感到孤独或失望）符合语境。

（3）根据本空前的“Dealing with social phobia takes the willingness patience and courage to face fears.”可知，处理社交恐惧需要有意志力、耐心和勇气去面对恐惧，此处承接上文，故F项（当感到害羞时，也要采取行动往前走而不是后退）符合语境。

（4）上文提到了治疗师、家人和朋友能够帮助你处理社交恐惧，此处承接上文，说的是这些人对你的帮助，故G项（这些关键人物的支持帮助他们鼓起勇气尝试新事物）符合语境。

（5）根据本空前的“Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can learn to be more comfortable.”可知，渐渐地，一个决定克服嫉妒害羞的人会变得更自在，此处是说小进步的意义，故E项（每向前迈出一小步有助于建立足够的信心迈出下一小步）符合语境。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

7．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

When we were growing up in our grandparents' home, Jack, my grandfather, was always in his room sitting in the chair and listening to the radio. The voices speaking from the metal box day and night, taught us that there was a larger world outside. He would roll the black dial (刻度盘) back and forth until the signal was clear. Then he would listen.

Now he is old and falls ill. When I went to visit him, he said to me, "I dislike the Internet. The problem is that we're losing primary contact with each other. No more shaking hands. Everyone is so busy. We want too much and in the process of getting it we miss so much." He stopped for a while. "It makes me lonely and sad." Then he looked at me, "I just want to hear your voices."

I think of all the voices on the radio he has spent a lifetime listening to. I asked, "How did you become interested in radio?" "I don't know," he said. "It was another way to reach people. I was always interested in searching for a better signal, a clearer, more powerful signal that could communicate with someone somewhere."

"And I'll tell you another funny thing: you can electronically eliminate all kinds of noise from the signal, but you can't get rid of natural noise caused by thunder and lightning, rainstorms, or snowstorms."

He closed his eyes and smiled. "I was just thinking that in spite of all our technologies, maybe we haven't progressed that far as human beings. We shouldn't forget we still have the same basic needs."

（1）What did Jack use to do in his room? (No more than 12 words)

（2）Why did Jack roll the black dial back and forth? (No more than 5 words)

（3）How is Jack feeling now? (No more than 8 words)

（4）What does the underlined word "eliminate" in Paragraph 4 mean? (1 word)

（5）What should you do to solve the problem of losing direct contact with others? (No more than 20 words)

【答案】（1）He used to sit in the chair, listening to his radio.

Or: He sat in the chair and listened to his radio.

（2）To find a clear signal.

（3）He is feeling lonely and sad.

（4）Remove.

（5）Open.

We should reduce the time we spend on the Internet and find more time to communicate with others.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了自己的祖父杰克曾经爱听收音机的

习惯以及祖父杰克对互联网的看法，旨在说明我们应该减少上网的时间，多拿出些时间来与人交流，尤其应该多与老人进行直接的交流，以减少他们的孤独感。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Jack, my grandfather, was always in his room sitting in the chair and listening to the radio.”可知，作者的祖父Jack总是在他的房间里坐在椅子上，听收音机。故答案概括为：He used to sit in the chair, listening to his radio. Or: He sat in the chair and listened to his radio.

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“He would roll the black dial（刻度盘）back and forth until the signal was clear.”他来回地拨弄着黑色表盘，直到信号清晰为止，可知，Jack这样做的目的是为了找到清晰的信号。故答案概括为：To find a clear signal.

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I dislike the Internet.以及It makes me lonely and sad.”可知，Jack不喜欢互联网，因为它使他感到孤独与悲伤.故答案概括为：He is feeling lonely and sad.

（4）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“…but you can't remove natural noise caused by thunder and lightning, rainstorms, or snowstorms.”但你却不能去除掉由雷电，暴雨，或暴风雪造成的天然的噪声）可推测，前一句“you can electronically eliminate all kinds of noise from the signal”的意思“你可以通过电子手段消除信号中的各种噪声”。因此，remove（去除）应与划线部分的单词是同义词故答案为remove。

（5）考查开放题。本题问的是：你怎样做才能解决失去与他人直接交流的问题？根据文中第二段I dislike the Internet. The problem is that we're losing primary contact with each other. No more shaking hands. Everyone is so busy.可知，由于有了互联网以后，人们都忙着上网了，才使得人们失去了直接接触的机会。故答案概括为：We should reduce the time we spend on the Internet and find more time to communicate with others.也可以发表自己的意见，但注意不要超过20个单词。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和开放题三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。

8．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Every person has a history of pain and tragedy that includes regret from the situation. At times, it's often hard to explain that pain to someone else. The challenge with a tragedy is the lack of support from someone.

This has often been my challenge when I try to explain what occurred to me. When I was younger, I was a victim of a tragic accident that changed my life both academically and emotionally. At sixteen months old, due to the neglect of my babysitter I fell off the bed. The injury was so severe that I was rushed to the emergency room and the doctors explained to my mom that I suffered from a blood clot (血块) located on the left side of the brain.

I was later diagnosed with what is known as a traumatic brain injury (外伤性脑损伤)．This accident affects my long term memory and testing ability. I often struggle with understanding information related to school and feel frustrated that I will not pass my tests. The pressure of school is so much, since I must always work harder than most students.

I become easily disappointed that I study a lot but often flunk or re-take tests. It is hard to imagine, because in my mind I feel prepared for the work; however, the test results do not connect with the information in my brain. Although I always don't pass my tests, I feel like this injury encourages me to work and shows me that I can be confident when it comes to the future. For example, I have been able to maintain my grades, been employed for over a year at a local restaurant, and obtained my driver's license. I look forward to attending college, getting married, raising a family, and being a success. I will continue to live my life to the fullest and prove that an injury does not limit my life journey.

（1）What is worse when someone suffers a tragedy in his life according to the author?(no more than 7 words)

（2）What was the author's tragic accident that changed his life? (no more than 9 words) （3）Why is the author always struggling with his study at school? (no more than 8 words) （4）What does the underlined word “flunk” mean in the last paragraph? (1 word)

（5）What do you think of the author? Give your reasons. (no more than 25words)

【答案】（1）The lack of support from someone./Lacking support from others.

（2）He fell off the bed at sixteen months old.

（3）Because he got a traumatic brain injury./His memory and testing ability became poor.（4）Fail

（5）He is positive/optimistic. Although his life is changed by a tragic accident, he wants to live a full life.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者因为十六个月时摔下床，导致大脑受到创伤，影响了作者的长期记忆和操作能力，使得作者学习事物变得艰难。但是作者依然保持乐观，对未来充满了希望。

（1）考查信息归纳。根据第一段中的“The challenge with a tragedy is the lack of support from some one.”可知作者认为比生活中遭遇悲剧更糟糕的是缺少他人的支持。故填The lack of support from someone./Lacking support from others.。

（2）考查信息归纳。根据第二段中的“At sixteen months old, due to the neglect of my babysitter I fell off the bed.”可知改变了作者人生的悲剧事故是他在十六个月的时候摔下了床。故填He fell off the bed at sixteen months old.。

（3）考查信息归纳。根据第三段中的“This accident affects my long term memory and testing ability.”可知这次事故导致作者的大脑受到创伤，影响了作者的长期记忆和操作能力，因此导致作者经常很难理解与学校有关的信息。故填Because he got a traumatic brain injury./His memory and testing ability became poor.。

（4）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“I become easily disappointed that I study a lot but often”可知作者虽然努力学习了，但是变得很容易失望，可以推测作者的学习经常“失败；不及格”，故填fail。

（5）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“I look forward to attending college, getting married, raising a family, and being a success. I will continue to live my life to the fullest and prove that an injury does not limit my life journey.”可知作者虽然被一次意外事故改变了生活，但是依然对生活充满期待，渴望过充实的生活。故填He is positive/optimistic. Although his life is changed

by a tragic accident, he wants to live a full life.。

【点评】本题涉及信息归纳，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而写出正确答案。

9．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Tip 1： ________

Many entrepreneurs agree that creating short-term and long-term goals is the key to success. Write down your goals for the next year or more. ________ But by writing them down， you will already be in a better position to achieve them.

Tip 2：Find your passion quickly but cheaply.

________ Take part in a variety of activities to discover what you love，such as a free concert，a free class or just a cheap movie； meanwhile， try not to spend too much money in the process.

Tip 3：Be a master at social media.

Becoming an expert at social media may be the most important thing to better your entrepreneurial dreams. Using social media，you'll reach a global audience. By growing and managing your online presence， you will enlarge the influence of your brand. ________

Such additions to your daily life are lifestyle changes that will improve your chances of success. They may seem insignificant now，but when you're success, you'll appreciate the role they played. ________ Looking back，you'll be proud of your smart choices.

A. Create manageable goals.

B. Write down short-term goals.

C. And success is likely to follow.

D. Social media is essential to entrepreneurship.

E. It is important to learn what gets you excited.

F. It may take some time to tick off all the points on your list.

G. You'll be glad you took the time to win the game properly.

【答案】A；F；E；C；G

【解析】文章大意：这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了创业更容易成功的几点建议。

（1）考查归纳总结。本段的主要内容是制定长期和短期的目标是成功的关键，因此可推断出本部分的小标题应是制定可行性的目标，故答案选A。

（2）考查推理判断。结合上文和后一句But by writing them down，you will already be in a better position to achieve them.(如果你要把它们写下来，你就可以更好的去实现他们)可推断出，列出清单可能会花费一些时间，故答案选F。

（3）考查细节理解。根据小标题和下文的Take part in a variety of activities to discover what you love可推断，要发现自己喜欢什么，学习让你感到兴奋的东西是很重要的，故答案选E。

（4）考查推理判断。根据上文可知，想成为成功的创业者，需要利用好社交媒体，可以扩大你的影响力，由此成功可能会到来，故答案选C。

（5）考查推理判断。结合上下文，尤其是上文的They may seem insignificant now，but when you're success, you'll appreciate the role they played.可知，现在这些看似不重要，但当你成功时，你将感激它们所起的作用，可推断出，你会很高兴你花时间去赢得比赛，故答案选G。

【点评】七选五题步骤如下：

步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。步骤五：区分相似项。骤六：用代入法，检查答案是否合理。

10．Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentences can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Can just one person make a difference? You bet! In a community every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests. ________ Don't wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative! Once you see what you can accomplish, you'll want to keep going.

Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community. How many more ways can you come up with?

Clean up the community. People often throw litter in places where there is already litter. And the problem only becomes worse until someone gets fed up and does something. Could your neighborhood use a cleanup? Neighborhood cleanups are often sponsored by local businesses or schools. But if your community doesn't have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller area every few months. ________

Include the isolated. Do you know anyone who is housebound? Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who have to stay at their homes. These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks. ________ By letting them "borrow" your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included. You can run errands for them like shopping or paying bills. They might like you to read to them if their eyesight is failing. Governments provide some of the services these people need, but programs cannot give them friendship; that's what communities are for!

________ Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion, or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion and this often challenges people to take action.

A. Cleaning your community will have a positive effect on others in society.

B. They find a need or an issue you really care about.

C. But they belong to the community, too.

D. Living in a clean neighborhood will be its own reward.

E. Don't hesitate to take part in the community's activity.

F. Round up some readers.

【答案】 B；D；C；F

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几种方式，这些方式可以帮助你在社区中发挥作用，为社区做贡献。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ In a community every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests.”在一个社区里，每个人都很重要，参与其中并不难。评估你自己的才能和兴趣；以及空后“ Don't wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative!”不要等别人先行动。该句承上启下，应该提到要根据自己的才能和兴趣去做自己关心的活动。B. They find a need or an issue you really care about.“它们（你的兴趣和才能）可以使你找到你需要做的事情。”承接上下文，符合语境，故选B。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ But if your community doesn't have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller area every few months.”但是如果你的社区没有一个清理计划，那就和朋友们一起组织一个。你可以一年两次在更大的地方捡垃圾，或者每隔几个月就清理一次小面积的垃圾。该句承接上文，应该提到清理社区活动对社区的作用。 D. Living in a clean neighborhood will be its own reward.“这样做（清理社区）可以使人们生活在一个干净的社区里。”承接上文，符合语境，选D。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks.”这些人往往年迈，不能离家去做简单的工作；以及空后“ By letting them ‘borrow’your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included.”通过让他们"借用"你的腿和眼睛，你可以让他们感觉自己也是社区的一员。那么该空要提到和这些年迈的老人有关的话题， C. But they belong to the community, too.“但是他们也属于这个社区。”承接上下文，符合语境，故选C。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。该空是本段小标题。该段介绍了通过读书俱乐部，开展互动，促进人们去行动。由此可知，F. Round up some readers.“聚拢一些读者。”符合语境，选F。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

11．任务型阅读

It is now mandatory(强制) for drivers or passengers to wear seatbelts while in a car in all states. In addition, it is also mandatory for kids of be in some kind of specialized car seat. Given the strict requirements in other vehicles, why don't buses have seatbelts?

The main answer, at least for school buses, is that seatbelts do not make school buses safer. Overall, traveling on school buses is the safest way to travel—40 times safer than riding in a car—with only a handful of deaths occurring to passengers on school buses every year. The seats on the school bus are placed very close to each other and have high backs that are thickly padded. As a result, in an accident the students would be propelled forward a very short distance into a padded seatback that in a way is like an airbag. In addition, the fact that people sit high off the ground on school buses also makes it safer to travel on them.

While school buses feature high backed seats and elevated seating locations, the same cannot be said of city buses. However, from a practical angle, there's little need to require seatbelts on city buses. Although the design of the modern low—floor city bus is less safe than the design of school buses, the fact that city buses rarely travel at speeds greater than 35 miles per hour means that any collision is likely to be small, Also, given that most trips on city buses are short and that many trips have standing passengers, the presence of seatbelts will make even less of a difference.

Another answer why buses do not have seatbelts is cost. It is estimated that adding seatbelts to buses would add between $8,000 and $15,000 to the cost of each bus. In addition, seatbelts would take up room currently used as seats, meaning that each bus would have fewer seating places. The additional room in the bus taken up by seatbelts would mean that bus fleets would have to increase by as much as 15% just to carry the same number of people. Such an increase would be especially difficult in cities that experience overcrowding on their vehicles.

Regardless of whether their passengers have seatbelts, all buses provide seatbelts for drivers and most bus companies make their drivers wear seatbelts in order not to be influenced by a collision.

unnecessary；result；occupying；avoid

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了为什么公共汽车不配带安全带的问题，列出了两种原因：一个原因是公共汽车上的座椅具有安全气囊的作用；另一个原因是公共汽车安装安全带费用太高。