新概念英语第三册 Lesson 3 文章词汇语法详细解析

新概念英语第三册 Lesson 3 文章词汇语法详细解析
新概念英语第三册 Lesson 3 文章词汇语法详细解析

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archaeology n. 考古学

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词根部分archae-:源?自古希腊语,指ancient legends or history, 古代传说或者历史;

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后缀-ology: the study of sth. 学科

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●???Some time 一段时间

补充:形近表达

sometime adv.在某一时候, 曾经, 有一天

sometimes adv.不时, 有时

some times 几次

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stand(vi.) 此处表示“坐落于”“位于”“(高贵)矗立于” be located in

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A great tree stands on the mount. 一棵大树竖立在山上。

There is a temple standing on the top of the mountain. 山顶上有座寺庙。

A row of willows stands on the riverside. 河边长着一排柳树。

补充:同义表达

lie (vi.) ; situate(vt.); Locate(vt.) 使...坐落于, 位于

which stands in... = which lies in… = which is located in… = which is situated in...

补充:stand其他用法

Stand 做动词还可以表示“身高”。

She stands 1.75m. 她身高1.75米

She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. 她身高三英尺,双手叉腰。

1-3 这座古城肯定一度很繁荣,因为它曾享有高度的文明,

The city at one time must have been prosperous,{for it enjoyed a high level of civilization}.

生词学习

●???prosperous adj. (经济上)繁荣的,昌盛的

Our finance is prosperous. 我们的经济非常的繁荣。

补充:同义词

thriving adj.昌盛的,兴旺的

-- thriving business

booming adj.蓬勃的,景气的

-- a booming market繁荣的市场

flourishing adj.繁茂的,健康的

-- Those plants are flourishing. 那些植物长得茂盛。

补充:近义辨析

prosperous与rich做对?比

祝福词:May you be happy and prosperous. 祝福你幸福快乐,?生活富?足美满。

a. 两者含义的差别,

b. 两者情感?色彩的差别

例例?子:stinky rich ?一身铜臭?(“超级有钱”的贬义表达)

补充:词汇学

词根词缀分析本词:

前缀pro表示“to caus e”,使发?生,

词根sper 表示 hope and success, 希望与成功

-ous: 形容词后缀,说明这个词是个形容词。

地道表达

●???enjoy

英语中表达“possess拥有(某种很好的东西)”时,用enjoy或boast替代have 会更能表达出笔者的感情色彩。应注意boast偏向于拥有具体的实物;而enjoy则侧重于拥有某种抽象的东西。

The hotels also boast two swimming pools and a golf course. 那家宾馆还拥有两个游泳池和一个高尔夫球场。

People in this country enjoy a high standard of living. 这个国家的人民享有更高的生活水平。

He’s always enjoyed good health. 他一直都很健康。

This actress has always enjoyed a good reputation. 这个女演员一直享有很好的声誉。

She enjoyed great success in business. 她在商业上?大获成功。

●???at one time曾经, 一度

for 引导原因状语从句:对主句的附加说明和解释,提供更多的信息。because 引导原因状语从句:强调原因。

-- The day broke for the birds were singing.

●???The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a

high level of civilization.

must have been对过去事实肯定的推测

可以表达推测语气的常用情态动词: may/might, can/could, must (语气逐渐加强)

如果后面接动词原形,表示对现在情形的推测;

如果后面接have+动词的过去分词,表示对过去情形的推测。

例子:

What he says may/might be true.

A situation like this can occur from time to time.

The mistake must lie with him. 这一定是他的错。

注:(1)must 是强推断语气,但是不等于事实。

(2)对比:强推断语?气?用must引导;弱推断语?气?用may/might 引导。

注意:may和might有时含义是完全?一样的,有时却不不同。如:

He may have lied about his age. 关于年年龄,他可能说谎了了。

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be built of: be made of some material

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With…具有…(可以用于翻译中文中“……的”,做后置定语修饰名词)?

a young man with broad shoulders 肩膀宽厚的年轻人

an old lady with black hair 头发乌黑的老年妇女

●???beautifully decorated 单个过去/现在分词前置做定语修饰名词,

此处的用法相当于形容词。

过去分词做定语, 被修饰词与修饰词之间为逻辑被动关系

-- a beautifully dressed lady 衣着漂亮的女士

-- a deserted car park 废弃的停车场

-- a white painted door 被刷成白色的门

现在分词做定语, 被修饰词与修饰词之间为逻辑主动关系

-- a boy climbing the tree 正在爬树的男孩

-- the students reading in the room 正在房间里读书的学生

1-6 城里甚至还敷设了排水系统,因为在狭窄的街道底下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。

The city was even equipped with a drainage system,{for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets}.

生词学习

●???equip vt. 装备, 配备;智力上的训练,使某人具备某种条件

They can’t afford to equip their army properly. 他们无法给军队提供很好的装备。

Now all the fishing boats are radio-equipped. 现在所有的渔船上都安装了无线电装置。

Your education will equip you to earn a good living. 你受到的教育会使你过上幸福的生活。

Equip sb. with sth. for... 为......配备/装备......;也可以用于抽象用法,来描写某人具备某种特质、品质等。

The car was equipped with air conditioning(空气调节装置).

They equipped the soldiers with the latest weapons for the coming war. 为了迎接即将爆发的战争,士兵们装备了最新的武器。

Hermione was equipped with intelligence, courage and a strong sense of justice. 赫敏?集聪慧、勇敢与正义于?一身。

●???beneath: 在……的下面

补充:近义辨析

●???a great many“很多”

a great many 可以替代a lot或many表示“很多”。

补充:英语中表示“很多”的单词或短语:

(1)后接单数可数名词

many a /an + 单数可数名词(这个短语作主语时谓语用单数)

Many a girl in our class has learned to swim.

Many a book was translated into English. (许多书被翻译为英语)

(2) 后接复数可数名词

many、 a great/good many 、a great/large number of 、scores of、dozens of 和quite a few ,这类“许多”修饰作主语的名词时,谓语动词用复数。

There are a great/good many English books in our school library.

A great number of my friends have been to the Great Wall.

Scores/Dozens of people were killed in the accident.(许多人在这次事故中丧生)

I have made quite a few good friends, too.

(3)后接不可数名词

much、 a great / good deal of 和a large amount of ,这类“许多”修饰主语名词时候,谓语用单数。

I don't know they gave us much help.

There is a great/good deal of snow on the ground.(地上有许多雪)

I spend a large amount of money on books every month.(我每月要花很多钱买书)

(4)即可修饰可数复数名词也可以修饰不可数名词

a lot of 、lots of 、plenty of 、supplies of , a great/large quantity of 、

●???worship

n. 对神的祟拜,对人、物像神一样的崇拜

v. 崇拜,膜拜

a place of worship 拜神祈祷的地方

act of worship 宗教仪式

hero worship (盲目的)个人崇拜

Don’t talk while th ey are worshipping. 他们在做礼拜的时候请不要说话。补充:近义辨析

revere v. 崇敬,崇拜,尊崇

The people revere their priest.

Venerate v. 对某人深表敬意,敬仰某人

The priests venerate the shrine as the holiest in their religion. 神父们非常敬仰圣地,把他们尊崇为宗教中最神圣的地方。

Adore v. 爱慕

The peasant girl adored the statue of Virgin Mary. 这个农村女孩非常崇敬圣母玛利亚的雕像。

补充:形近表达

Warship n.军舰, 战船

短语学习

●???be used as / be used to be把…用作为

The box was used as a desk in the small village school.

The wooden box was used as a bookcase.

补充:拓展

be used to do 被用来做…

-- The wooden box is used to contain books

●???Sacred adj. holy宗教的, 神圣的

sacred music 圣乐

sacred promise 神圣的诺言

补充:同义辨析

Holy adj. 神圣的, 圣洁的

-- a holy person. 圣洁的人 / a holy place. 神圣的地方

Solemn adj. 庄严的, 庄重的

Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.

-- a solemn face 严肃的面孔 / a solemn ceremony 隆重的仪式

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statue n. 雕像

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statue of liberty 自由女神像

补充:形近表达

stature n. 高,水平

an artist of great stature 一位高水平的艺术家

status n. 地位,身份

marital status 婚姻状况

statute n. 法律法规

the college statute 校规

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paint v. 涂颜料,上色

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●???remains n. 遗迹,残骸,残余,遗体

●???date from 开始于…, 起始于…

The custom dating from 1990. 这项风俗起始于1990年。

The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young.

补充:近义比较

date back (to)

The castle dates from the 14th century.

= The castle dates back to the 14th century. 城堡建造于14世纪

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happen 偶然, 碰巧(强调事情的偶然发生)

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happen to

-- I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰巧开过那种车。

-- He happened to find the ticket in his pocket. 他偶然在口袋里找到票。

It happens that +从句

-- It happened that I met her on my way to work.=

I happened to meet her on my way work.

happen on 碰巧碰上

-- I happened on this old picture in the back of the drawer.我偶然的在抽屉的背面发现了这张旧照片。

-- Guess, who did I happen on while I was in London last month?

【注】表示中文的“偶然”“碰巧”,除了用对应的英语表达accidentally;

casually;by accident;occasionally以外,还可以用happen引导的句型。

2-6她的脑袋一定是在古希腊罗马时代就为人所发现,并受到精心的保护。

This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved.

生词学习

●???Classical adj.(希腊和罗马)古文化的(即传统的);文科的, 人文科学的

classical music 古典音乐 / classical education 人文科学教育

补充:形近辨析

Classic adj. 第一流的, 标准的, 著名的, 典型的

-- This is the classic example of love at the first sight.

Classic n.杰作, 经典之作

That joke's a classic; it really is funny. "这个笑话确属一流,真是妙趣横生。"

注:可以用classic替代best,表示“最好的”“一流的”。

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Preserve v. 受到精心保护;保存

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Preserved body 木乃伊

Preserved fruits 蜜饯

补充:近义表达“保存”

conserve: 保存,保藏,保护(强调节约的手段)

In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night. 冬天里有人为了节约能源在夜里将暖气调低。

Preserve: 防止受到侵害

The government preserve the rights of the individual person.

Reserve 保留,储备;预定座位

We are reserving these seats for my parents.

2-7即使在当时,它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。

It was very old and precious even then.

●???Reconstruct v.修复(Re --重新, 再次)

补充:同根词

Construct vt.构造, 建造, 组织(通过装配或组合部件而构成)construct a sentence

construct a broken statuary(n.雕像)

补充:同根词

construction n.建设, 建造

constructive adj.有教育意义的

constructor n.建造者, 建设者

补充:近义比较

build a house 造建筑物

put up a tent

erect vt. 盖, 使竖立, 使直立(build high buildings)

-- erect a monument 建造纪念碑 / erect a clock tower 建造钟楼set up / establish / found建立

-- set up students' union 学生会(union n.联盟, 协会)

-- establish a school / establish a rule 设立一条规则

-- found a country 建立一个国家

【注】注意建立不同事物所用的动词选择。

●???Amaze v. very much surprised 惊奇,困惑,惊异

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turn out…(表示结果)结果是, 原来是(经常表示结果出乎意料)

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1> turn out (to be)+ n./adj.

-- The concert turned out to be a failure.

-- Our party turned out (to be) a success. 我们的聚会非常的成功。

-- The low-budget movie turned out to be a blockbuster. 那部低成本电影结果成了了票房冠军。

2> It turned out + that从句(it作形式主语)

It turned out +其它名词从句

-- It turned out that the diamonds had been in the bank all the time.

原来钻石一直都在银行里保存着。

-- It turned out that his statement was false. 原来他的话是假的。

3> as it turns out…后来人们发现…

-- As it turned out, there was no need to worry. 后来人们发现, 没有必要担心。

-- As it turned out, the report was mistaken. 后来人们发现, 报告被弄错了

【注】此句型暗含最后的结果与此前的推测、看法、预计不一样。

句式句法

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词的过去分词或形容词翻译中文的副词。

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rest v.被搁在, 停留在(侧重于表现“轻盈”);信赖(depend on)

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在表示那个地方有什么的时候,除了用传统的be动词,还可以用更形象的动词。如本句中的rest on her hip或者上文中的a temple which stands in an ancient city...

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更多例子

●???full-length adj.(裙衣)拖地长的, 全长的, 全身的

●???graceful adj.优雅的

a graceful lady

补充:近义表达

elegant adj. 优雅的(举止)

-- an elegant gentleman. 举止文雅的绅士

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identity n. 身份

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●???Despite = in spite of (两者都是介词),后面+ 名词/动名词

Despite her great age, “尽管她年纪很大”

=Although she was rather old,

【注】上下句之间的逻辑关系没必要一定用“连词+句子”的模式,也可以收集一些表示各种逻辑关系的介词(短语),用“介词+名词(短语)”的模式,可以使句子表达更加简洁。比如:

表示转折的连词:though; although; but; yet

表示转折的副词:however; nevertheless; on the contrary; yet

表示转折的介词: despite; in spite of

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so far, up to now “到目前为止”完成时的标志

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11-12 d d Lesson 6 1-5 b a c d b 6-10 a a d a a 11-12 b c Lesson 7 ) 1-5 b d b a c 6-10 b c a a d 11-12 b b Lesson 8 1-5 c c d d a 6-10 a c c b a 11-15 d c Lesson 9 1-5 a d a c b 6-10 d b a b c 11-12 c a Lesson 10 1-5 d c a b d 6-10 d b d a c

~ 11-12 b a Lesson 11 1c 2c 3a 4d 5c 6b 7a 8a 9c 10a 11d 12b Lesson 12 1c 2d 3a 4b 5d 6c 7b 8c 9b 10d 11d 12a Lesson 13 1d 2c 3c 4b 5d 6b 7b 8c 9a 10d 11a 12b Lesson 14 1b 2b 3a 4a 5c 6b 7a 8c 9b 10d 11d 12c Lesson 15 1c 2d 3a 4b 5b 6d 7a 8c 9a 10c 11b 12b Lesson 16 1c 2b 3b 4d 5d 6c 7d 8b 9a 10b 11c 12a Lesson 17 1d 2a 3a 4a 5a 6b 7d 8d 9a 10c 11c 12d Lesson 18 1a 2c 3d 4c 5c 6b 7a 8d 9d 10a 11b 12c Lesson 19 1a 2b 3a 4b 5d 6a 7b 8d 9d 10b 11c 12a * Lesson 20 1c 2b 3b 4c 5a 6c 7d 8a 9c 10d 11a 12d Lesson 21 1b 2d 3c 4a 5a 6b 7b 8a 9c 10a 11a 12d Lesson 22 1a 2c 3c 4c 5a 6c 7c 8a 9d 10d 11b 12c Lesson 23 1d 2a 3d 4a 5b 6c 7a 8c 9d 10d 11b 12b

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1. 关系副词eweek. 2. A. B which. C. D ? 3.as as A “as...as” 例如: B.as ??? as 例如: (二): . (三): 从句)gthecase. 就是that不做任 ,doubt,suggestion explanation truth,knowledge 或whether that不做 that做定

2 3 4 nity. VII. 1. 句话说) 2.括) 关系。 3. (四): 1. should might 2. er. 3. ? 4. ● 词原形,(建议) ??? ●(should oposal. arty. ●I wroteit) 通常用于动词: 属静态 被省 句子,seldom,等。

7 ???? oblem. ???? 注意:不用was 找他。 答案词, 不能说 8 ???( ????? ( 定义:特点等。 ● ● 所属等。 1 2 smell, remain 3 面) poorly(身 ) ,usually ,below 等 ,perfectly, 注意

式地)(以前) 10.free freely (九):前,an 如: I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11. 12 13 民 II 1. 2 3 4 5 (十): 1 “willyou”,如:

1 assroom. 2 3 ??? 别力。 (十三): 1.rise, ?“rise”提高”。 “arise”其语义为“义为“ https://www.360docs.net/doc/8716261904.html,y, “lay” “lie” “lie” 3.sit, “sit” “seat” 4. “affect” “effect”dy. 5.hang 当hang 而当hang 6. 7.take :? 8. 9.fit, “fit”指“ 10.搭配

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