雅思写作高分必备技巧

雅思写作高分必备技巧
雅思写作高分必备技巧

一、雅思大作文的官方评分标准

我们可以看到,大作文的评分标准分为4项。如果你想在大作文写作中拿到至少6分,你必须在这4个子项中都达到或者接近6,否则等待你的将会是一次又一次的5。5或者以下。

仔细看过这个评分标准以后,你也许会意识到,为什么在大作文写作中,你不能有很多语法错误,为什么写没有语法错误的句子比写复杂的句子更加的重要,为什么当你没有能力写复杂句子的时候,keep it short and simple(又叫做KISS原则)是你必须尊崇的至高原则。

1.首先我们看4个子项的最后一项,grammatical range and accuracy

这里很明确指出,6分的标准是:

(1)混合使用简单句和复杂句;

(2)有一些语法错误,但是不影响你表达你的意思,不影响交流;

从这里我们可以看出,雅思大作文写作,对复杂句子是有要求,不能都写简单句。但是同时你也不能写那些都是语法错误,别人看不懂的句子。

因此,根据这个标准,请那些还纠结于雅思大作文写作的同学,切记,你可以写复杂的句子,但是你只能写没有语法错误,不影响考官理解你的意思的句子。否则,你写再多的再复杂的句子也白搭。

Keep it short and simple。如果你写复杂句子有困难总是出现语法错误的话,你还不如大部分写那些简单的短的,没有语法错误,别人能理解的句子。适当的搭配一些你有把握的,确定一定是对的复杂句子。

2.然后再看4个子项的第一和第二项:task response和coherence&cohesion,具体的看图片我不细说。

这里我就提一个假设,如果你写复杂句子,但是很多语法的错误,影响到了考官理解你的意思。请问考官能判断说你阐述了所有的题目的要求了吗?考官能判断说你没有写偏题吗?考官会有心情看你的essay吗?毫无疑问,不能!

所以,keep it short and simple。只有考官能看懂你的意思,你才能在拼分标准中的第一和第二个子项中拿到6分。否则,你就不要想大作文拿到6分。很多同学有个很深的误解,认为雅思大作文,必须写复杂句子,写compound&complex sentences,然后他们就一

个劲的写啊,也不管是不是有语法错误,是对是错,是不是连懂chinenlish的人都能看懂,反正就是写。但是有用吗?

当然,四个拼分子项是相互影响的,但是既然准确的用句子(无论是简单句还是复杂句)来阐述你自己的意思会直接影响到3个拼分子项。可想而知,你确保写没有语法错误的句子是多么的重要了。

所以,如果你写出来的复杂句子,都是语法错误,或者有语法错误但是是很关键的语法错误,影响到了整个句子的准确意思,那你宁可不要写这个复杂句子,你就写简单句子。比你用不靠谱的复杂句子要好。

二、topic sentence

改了至少有3个月的大作文了,发现了一些问题。其中有一个比较突出的就是很多同学在写essay的时候,body paragraph没有topic sentence,下面就讲讲为什么要写topic sentence,怎么写topic sentence。

1.为什么topic sentence重要?

大家都知道,雅思作文才250个字,但是真正的英语议论文至少也是1000个字起。清晰和有条理是必要的,否则因为文章太长,不少老师,或者考官根本不会有很多心情看。而topic sentence就是清楚明白的告诉读者你在这段里面要说什么,这样即使读者没有心情看完整片文章,只要看文章每段的topic sentence也就能知道你每段的内容了。

同样的道理,在雅思的写作中,考官会要在几天内看很多分考卷,如果你有很好的topic sentence,则考官会更有兴趣看你的文章,而不是那些一段话的第一句就云里雾里,更不要说后来的内容的文章了。

其次,好的topic sentence也能帮助你把整片文章的结构理的更加清晰。一片好的文章。把introduction的最后一句,和每段的topic sentence提出来。就应该是一片文章的大纲了。另外,如果你有一句topic sentence了,而该段落的其他内容都围绕着topic sentence的topic,加上在limit statement的范围内写,则不容易写偏题。

下面以一篇大作文当例子:为什么人们仍旧的,买新的。分析原因,解释后果。

body paragraphs大可写两段。

第一段,topic sentence写 there are severl reasons why people tend to buy new things。考官一看这句,就知道你准备写问题的原因。接下来你也就全部写原因,就不会偏题了。

第二段。topic sentence写 always buying new things may generate several negative impacts on (society or environment)考官一看这句,就知道你准备写造成了什么后果,接下来你全部写后果。结合上面那段的内容。你就已经把问题的两个核心部分涵盖了。

一个是原因,一个是结果。很有条理,也不容易偏题。不是吗?

写body paragraph的时候,每一段的开头,你都会需要一句topic sentence。主题句的作用,在于告诉读者你准备要在这一段里面说什么,同时也限制了你准备在这一段里面写的内容,一旦主题句写好了,接下来的内容就是固定了,你段落里面其他的句子的中心思想必须围绕着主题句的内容来讲,不能添加其他无关的内容。例如:你的主题句准备说太阳能,你段落里面其他的句子不能没事说汽车。

2.如何写topic sentence

topic sentence由两个部分组成: topic 和 limit statement。前者很容易理解,后者则相对较难。

后面limit statament的作用在于限制topic的范围,使得topic不那么general。举例: solar energy is now widely used in Australia。这句topic sentence里面 solar energy是topic表明你要讨论的是太阳能, in Australia是limit statement,把你要讨论的太阳能的范围地点限制在了澳洲,你就要讨论在澳洲使用太阳能的情况,而不是全世界或者是除外澳洲以后的什么地方。

总的来说,有8种方法来写limit statement:

1)cause:reason;

2)place;

3)a number of things;a list;

4)differences;

5)similarities;

6)quality;

7)time or period of time;

8)effect。

接下来还是用太阳能做例子。红色的部分都是limit statement。

1)solar energy is now widely used in australia。

place表示地址,限制topic在Australia发生。

2)solar energy has become more popular in the last fifteen years。

表示时间,限制topic在过去的15年的发展,因此不能在段内谈未来或者太多现在。

3)solar energy is a cheep form of energy。

表示quality,描述solar energy的cheep的属性,你不能谈论其他的比如说比其他能源更持久或者更有效率啥的。

4)solar energy and wind power have several things in common。

显示是相同点,则说明该段要说的是太阳能和风能之间的相同点,而不能是不同点或者优劣等。

5)solar energy is safer for the environment than fossil fuels。

显示不同点。该段内容是solar energy和fossil fuels之间的区别,safe的区别。

6)solar energy has several drawbacks。

这个简单,该段内容是solar energy的缺点,注意和第五点区分,缺点就是缺点,没有必要和其他的做很多的比较。

7)recent improvements in solar energy technology have created great interest in its potential uses。

表示结果,该段的内容就是什么原因导致了兴趣,兴趣又导致了什么结果。

8)solar energy is not practical for several reasons。

表示原因,和第七点有点类似的内容,也是分析原因,和导致的结果。但是重点在原因。

三、关于coherence&cohesion

根据第一部分的雅思大作文拼分标准,你会发现在四个拼分子项中,第二个就是coherence&cohesion。这个在任何英文写作中都是非常重要的。但是也就是这一点,很多雅思考生难以做到。

topic sentence写完以后,我们就要围绕着topic sentence来写我们的body paragraph 了,来支持我们的topic sentence,来阐述我的topic sentence,来说服我们的读者,或者说雅思考官。

请大家注意“围绕”这个词,我们为什么要围绕着topic sentence来写?我再来做个假设,如果你的topic sentence是有关太阳能的优点的,但是你接下来的段落里面,却出现了水电的优点?请问这是围绕吗?水电和太阳能有关吗?这样的段落会不会让人觉得很怪,不知所谓?毫无疑问,答案都是肯定的。

coherence&cohesion的核心就在于围绕,就在于你的每一段落中的每一句话,都是要和topic sentence直接或者是间接相关。如果是间接相关,你必须在论述中把这个间接的关系很明确的写出来给读者(考官)来看。于是你写太阳能的优点,就只能是太阳能的优点,

而不能是太阳能的缺点,水电的优点。怎么应用太阳能,这些个和topic sentence无关的论点或者句子。

coherence&cohesion是非常重要的,如果你不能做到整个段落的内容高度统一于topic sentence。用"中文"来解释,就是你的段落是偏题的,等待你的就是6分以下。

四、英语写作的五种组织方式

英语写作的5种组织方式是:

1.listing 列举

就是一个一个把你要说的东西列出来。继续拿太阳能为例子,假设你想说太阳能的优点:1)便宜,2)安全,3)没有污染,4)永不耗竭。一个一个单列出来,就是listing。

2.sequence 顺序

意思是按照顺序来写,比较典型的就是雅思作文task1的流程图。

3.cause&effect 因果关系

还是太阳能的例子,1)太阳能便宜,导致能够帮人省钱。2)太阳能没有污染,于是环境得到保护,于是人就不容易生病。3)太阳能永不耗竭,结果就是可以作为一个很可靠的替代能源来源。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8a410155.html,parison&contrast 比较和对比

comparison是比较相同点。contrast是比较不同点。以太阳能做例子,相同点:1),太阳能和水电比较,都更加环保没有污染。2),太阳能和核电比起来,都属于更加有效,更加powerful的。不同点:1)太阳能和化石能源比较,更加环保。2)太阳能和核电比起来,更加安全。3)太阳能和水电比起来,占用的土地更少。

5.problem&solution 分析解决问题

还是以太阳能为例:1)太阳能现在效率不是很高,解决方法是科技发展,提高广电转换率。2)太阳能现在普及度不够,解决方法是政府投资和鼓励。

以上5种是英语写作的5种组织架构,任何一篇英文文章,你都能找到是里面的一种或者几种的综合。

基于这5种的组织架构,都有特定的句型,词组来配合。如果你在考试中,审题结束了以后,知道了题目的要求,基本上剩下的就是这5种pattern的组合了。

拿前面的题目来说,人们扔掉旧的,买新的,为什么?有什么后果?

文章总体的类型就可以归到cause&effect那一类去,因果关系。先分析原因,比如说扔掉东西是因为人们喜新厌旧,导致的结果就是很多东西被扔掉。然后因为很多东西被扔掉,于是造成了环境污染。上面有三点内容,然后用cause&effect类型的句型或者是词组词汇来连接,表示因果关系。

due to the fact that most people are vain and prefer to purchase new commodities, many things which are out of fashion are throw away everyday。

consequently, there are increasing rubbish in wild, which leads to huge damage to the environment。

讲完第一因果关系就是firstly,然后第二个因果关系就是secondly,第三就是thirdly 依此类推。第一第二第三这样的pattern就是我说的listing。整片文章就是listing和cause&effect的组合了,然后加上introduction和conclusion,就很完整了。

五、雅思大作文的几种类型

1.for&against,或者是advantage&disadvantage

2.discussion

3.to what extent do you agree or disagree

4.cause&effect

5.problem&solution

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8a410155.html,pare&contrast

其中第六种很少考到,4和5被国内叫做report,实际上这两种是分开的。第一种

for&against现在雅思考试中也比较少考,最多的是2和3。其实在academic English writing里面,以上6种essay,每种都有自己的一套结构和写法,所以你指望说所谓的"万能模板"来搞定雅思写作,雅思大作文就有6分,那是不可能的。

这里就简单举cause&effect这类的essay来当例子,说说这样的essay,具体某一个body paragraph怎么写。

首先,你要有个topic sentence,这个前面说过了,就不在赘述。接下来,在cause&effect 这样的一对逻辑关系中,你要做的就是把一个一个cause和effect用逻辑关系链接起来。注意每个cause&effect的组合中的effect都可以变成下一对组合中的cause。

例如: no investment in rural areas->poverty->go to city to find job opportunities->the increase of population in cities->demand for

transportation->more vehicles->more exhausts->more air pollution->more diseases

related to air pollution->death rate increase->lift expectancy decrease。这样就是个完整的链条了。

逻辑很重要。有了逻辑,接下来就是用一连串的表示逻辑的词和词汇把这些个点串联起来。下面举些个词和词汇表示cause&effect:

cause,create,affect,impact,influence,result in,lead to,contribute to,be attributed to,because,because of,due to,therefore,consequently,hence 等等。很多,有些是名词。有些是动词,有些是词组和连接词。

有关essay写作的结构,用这么点点篇幅是绝对写不完的。因此,推荐大家去下载writing academic English这本书电子版,好好的读懂它。了解每种essay的结构,牢记他们。然后在雅思写作中,就不会担心结构的问题。很多时候有人会说自己怎么写偏题了。其实是因为你没有用对正确的结构,只要有正确的结构,一般是不会偏题。顺带说一下。writing academic English是英文版的,学习它对于提高你的阅读能力也有好处。

六、关于 writing academic English的介绍

首先申明绝对不是广告。

Writing Academic English,Fourth Edition (The Longman Academic Writing Series,Level 4) (Paperback)

作者是 Alice Oshima (Author)& qAnn Hogue (Author)

这本书有一半的内容被当做语言课的引用当教材,把这本书主要的部分看一遍,基本上雅思写作的结构上就没问题。也不会偏题了。剩下的就是语法和词汇的硬性内容,这本书里面讲的academic的essay写作覆盖了基本上所有的几种essay类型,包括雅思的:

1.advantage&disadvantage;

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8a410155.html,pare&contrast

3.cause&effect

4.problem&solution

5.argumentation

6discussion

其中2雅思不考,3和4在上面被叫做report。

好好读这本书,最前面的部分教你如何写paragraph,如何写topic sentence,如何保证paragraph的coherence&cohesion。学会写段落以后,在进入具体的上面6类的essay 写作,教你具体的段与段之间的结构是怎么样。段落内如何用词来表达主题。后半部分是讲

句子语法,relative clause,compound&complex clause啊教你如何不再用baby sentence。还有一小部分教你如何用连接词,你就不会出现用on the other hand来开头写一段话,或者用although来写个不完整的句子了。所以很有用,对于那些要想在本质上面提高英语写作能力的同学,这本书是福音。当然对于那些只想雅思过6,其他的无所谓的人来说。看与不看只存乎于心。

七、说说essay的架构

一般来说,或者说100%的,一个essay有三个部分:introduction,body paragraphs,conclusion。

1.introduction

功能在于把读者(考官)引入到你的essay里面,introduction也分三个部分:

第一部分general statement;

第二部分narrowing process;

第三部分thesis statement。

雅思的大作文,字数太少,所以introduction不能写太多,因此第一部分和第二部分就随便吧。我要说的是第三部分thesis statement。

2.body paragraphs thesis statement的作用在于告诉读者,接下来我的body paragraph准备讲什么了。基本的句子模式就是 this essay will……(will干嘛?will列出A的优缺点,will解释为什么我是赞同B的,will讨论有关C的两种不同的看法) 。thesis statement请你尽量写,会给你加分的。而且如果你有thesis statement能够帮你避免写着写着写偏题。

这个大家都应该知道,不知道的看书,上雅思培训班,或者参看上面的内容。

3.conclusion

conclusion的功能在于告诉读者(考官)论述结束了,所以他有两个半部分。半个部分就是transition signal,就是in conclusion,to sum up这样的词,别忘记写,然后是总结上面你的body paragraph的内容,最后写写展望。

上面的内容其实那本我推荐的writing academic English书里面都有,自己去看看吧。尽管说起来怎么个结构大家都知道,但是我改了这么多作文,发现还是很有一部分人,不知道为什么要有introduction和conclusion。把conclusion写成body,或者在body里面没事写个introduction的。

雅思写作高级句型

句型1: 前进类(用来论证好的方面) 1 profit from People the world over can profit from the advancement in motorized flight. ★2 A is an indispensable part of B. Advertising has become an indispensable part of our lives and it has been exerting pro- found influence on the way we live, work, play and learn. ★★3 something plays a pivotal role in… It is universally acknowledged that education plays a pivotal role in individual success. ★★4 enable somebody to do something Cultural assimilation enables newly-arrived immigrants to get ahead in the new society successfully. 5 get accustomed to something New immigrants must get accustomed to the local culture to succeed. 6 Someone can utilize something In this day and age, many individuals can utilize the Internet via computers or mobile phones. ★7 something is in the best interests of someone (最符合某人的利益) Preserving the endangered animals is in the best interests of humanity. 8 contribute to… Various factors contributed to his downfall Students should not only learn academic knowledge but also do volunteer work in com- munities, thereby making contribution to their cities. 9 something consolidates its status as the … English has been consolidating its status as the dominant language in the world. 倒退类(用来论证负面的方面) 1 …is attended by … (伴随着) The staggering advancement of technology is attended by severe pollution of the ecosys- tem. 2 The more…the more… The more vehicles on the roads; the more traffic congestion to occur. ★3 A can be attributed to B The proliferation of traffic accidents can be in large measure attributed to the traffic law not being stringent\strict enough. ★4 be afflicted with In present-day society, a host of countries are afflicted with chronic poverty. 5 deprive someone of something Modern cities deprive city-dwellers of fresh air and the comfortable pace of life. 6 something impels somebody to do … Peer pressure often impels youngsters to spend excessively on fancy clothes and accesso- ries(饰品). ★7 A has rendered B + 形容词或者名词, We must ensure that technological innovations will not render us slaves to high technolo- gy. The fast-paced way of life has rendered many people alienated from one another. 8 A recent study conducted by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences revealed that…(如果是教育问题用UNESCO,如果犯罪问题可以用the Chinese Ministry of Justice ,交通问题可以用the Chinese Ministry of Transportation,建筑问题可以用the Chinese Ministry of Con-struction,环境问题可以用HSUS and Greenpeace ) A recent study conducted by HSUS and Greenpeace suggested that there were over one million mammals(哺乳动物)in lab cages(笼子)today. 一个数据就说明了人类现在虐待动物的情况有多么严重。当然,请注意这里的数据编得不能太夸张,否则考官就会怀疑数据的真实性了。 9 be addicted to something In present-day society, many individuals are addicted to / preoccupied with various forms of gambling. 10 something is the root cause of…

雅思写作必备高分技巧

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雅思写作高分范文赏析:Culture Shock 导读:本文雅思写作高分范文赏析:Culture Shock,仅供参考,如果觉得很不错,欢迎点评和分享。 Culture Shock Culture Shock The United States of America is a country in which many people from all over the world comes to live harmoniously with each other. Unlike Canada, which is a multicultural country, it is a melting pot since each person brings his peculiarity to enrich the culture of this country. But this melting process is not always without pain or hurt. I felt the life in Canada is more comfortable According to John J. Macionis, the author of Sociology, secondary Canadian edition. Culture shock is a state of bewilderment, anxiety, disorientation and distress as an individual suddenly exposed to a social or

雅思写作高分范文-旅游类5篇

旅游类 1. Space travel has been possible for some time and some people believe that space tourism could be developed in the future. Do you think it is a positive or negative development? Space tourism is predicted to be conducted in the near future. However, whether it is a positive trend or not is still in debate. On the one hand, travelling to extraterrestrial areas may benefit people in scientific aspects. Firstly, scientists can collect various valuable samples directly from other planets to serve their researches without waiting for explorations of astronomies. This facilitates their experiments, which helps people go further in studying long-term theories about the universe and have more chances of being contact with creatures from out of the Earth. Besides, people who are not experts in astronomy fields can also take the advantages of space tourism. Spaceship voyages could offer people interesting journeys to enjoy the beauty of natural scenes as well as allows them to broaden their knowledge to the field that is rather monotonous taught at school. This would draw more attraction from the public to exploring and studying science. Although the advantages of space tourism are remarkable, I am convinced that there are likely positives that be hidden from people’s awareness. The primary negative can be considered is that such voyages to out of space would cost a huge amount of budget of governments or private sections. In fact, there are plenty of social problems need measuring such as the poverty, the illiteracy… and it would be better if the budget were allocated to accommodate the underprivileged or improve people’s health rather than spent on luxurious journeys to the extraterrestrial spaces. The risks of being attacked by extraterrestrial residents could be also considered other negatives. The consciousness of the universe is still limited, which hinder travelers from the security. Creatures beyond the Earth may look on people as food or enemies, which apparently threaten their lives. In conclusion, although the advantages of space tourism are justifiable, I still

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