考研英语(二)模拟试卷145.doc

考研英语（二）模拟试卷145

(总分：136.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)

1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ For many people, emotions are a scary thing. 【C1】______of the problem is that we just don't know what to do with them, according to Darlene Mininni, Ph. D, author of The Emotional Toolkit. So we adopt the only strategies we【C2】______know. If you're a man, you might distract yourself 【C3】______playing video games, tinkering with your tools or drinking alcohol, she said. If you're a woman, you might shop or eat. 【C4】______to these tools occasionally is OK, Mininni said. Making them part of your regular coping repertoire, however, is problematic. Emotions are valuable, and 【C5】______a bounty of benefits. Emotions send us important messages and help us connect with others and accomplish great things, Mininni said. Using【C6】______strategies, however, can sabotage our relationships, job and even our health, Mininni said. In fact, people who handle stress effectively have healthier immune systems, don't get sick as often and age【C7】______16 years more slowly than people who don't. There's actually【C8】______consensus on what an emotion is, and scientists may have various interpretations. Mininni【C9】______emotions as a "full-body experience," an interplay between our thoughts and physical sensations. For instance, a kind of giddy happiness and anxiety have the same sensations, such as tight muscles and a【C10】______heart. What determines whether we feel happy or anxious are our thoughts. Mininni said that all emotions 【C11】______into these categories: anxiety, sadness, anger and happiness. In order to identify the【C12】______of your emotion, ask yourself these questions: Anxiety: What am I afraid of? Sadness; What have I lost? Anger: How have I or my values been attacked? Happiness; What have I gained? Once you've identified your emotional state, the last step is to take【C13】______. Ask yourself if there's anything you can do to solve the situation, Mininni said. If there is, consider what you can do. If there's【C14】______you can do, determine how you can cope with the emotion, she said. Mininni suggested meditating, getting social support, writing, exercising and seeking therapy. Think of these strategies as an emotional toolkit. You simply【C15】______your kit, and pick out the healthy tool you need, Mininni said. In fact, you can create an real toolkit, and pack it with【C16】______items such as sneakers, your journal, funny films, favorite books and a list of people you'd like to call when you're【C17】______. The strategies that work best will 【C18】______with each person, depending on your personality, physiology and other individual factors, Mininni said. For some people, running works wonders in alleviating anxiety. For others, meditation is【C19】______. Emotions may seem confusing and threatening but applying the above practical and clear-cut approach reveals emotions for【C20】______they really are; useful, informative and far from murky.（分数：40.00）

(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）

A.Apart

B.Part

C.A portion

D.Portion

(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）

A.do

B.don't

C.did

D.didn't

(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）

A.by

B.from

C.into

D.to

(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）

A.Applying

B.Going

C.Turning

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8a4307611.html,ing

(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）

A.derive

B.obtain

C.offer

D.weigh

(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）

A.healthy

B.unhealthy

C.sound

D.innovative

(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）

A.prior to

B.next to

C.near to

D.up to

(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）

A.a

B.an

C.no

D.the

(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）

A.defines

B.discusses

C.explains

D.illustrates

(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）

A.big

B.pounding

C.strong

D.weak

(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）

A.belong

B.fall

C.go

D.move

(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）

A.burden

B.conflict

C.intimacy

D.message

(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）

A.action

B.advice

C.aim

D.attitude

(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）

A.anything

B.everything

C.nothing

D.something

(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）

A.choose between

B.decide among

C.reach into

D.think about

(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8a4307611.html,forting

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8a4307611.html,forted

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8a4307611.html,fortable

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8a4307611.html,fort

(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）

A.exhilarated

B.happy

C.jealous

D.upset

(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）

A.stay

B.stick

C.vary

D.value

(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）

A.bad

B.worse

C.fine

D.better

(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）

A.how

B.what

C.why

D.whether

二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)

2.Section II Reading Comprehension

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ The coast of the state of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles.

If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial activity of the ice age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea. As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons of contorted grottos and nooks. The highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all the islands left behind by the glacier. Marine fossils found here were 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier. The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a deep and narrow stretch of water, seven miles long. For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recendy though, Bar Harbor has become a burgeoning arts community as well. But, the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate and sub-Arctic zones, the island supports the flora and fauna of both zones as well as beach, inland, and alpine plants. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds. The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, hiking, cycling , and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island. The best view on Mt. Desert Island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain. This mountain rises 1,532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Adantic seaboard. From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by a retreating glacier.（分数：10.00）

(1).Which of the following lists of topics best outlines the information in the selection?（分数：2.00）

A.Ice-age glacial activity The Islands of Casco Bay Formation of Cadillac Mountain Summer residents of Mt. Desert Island

B.Formation of a drowned coastline The topography of Mt. Desert Island The environment of Mt. Desert Island Tourist attractions on Mt. Desert Island

C.Mapping the Maine coasdine The arts community at Bar Harbor History of the National Park System Climbing Cadillac Mountain

D.The effect of glaciers on small islands Stone-age dwellers on Mt. Desert Island The importance of biodiversity Hiking in Acadia National Park

(2).According to the selection, a large number of small islands along the coast of Maine are the result of______.（分数：2.00）

A.glaciers forcing a mountain range into the sea

B.Maine's location between the temperate and sub-Arctic zones

C.the irregularity of the Maine coast

D.the need for summer communities for wealthy tourists and artists

(3).According to the selection, the coast of Maine is______.（分数：2.00）

A.2,500 miles long

B.3,500 miles long

C.225 miles long

D.235 miles long

(4).The content of the fourth paragraph indicates that the writer believes that______.（分数：

2.00）

A.the continued existence of national parks is threatened by budget cuts

B.the best way to preserve the environment on Mt. Desert Island is to limit the number of visitors

C.national parks allow large numbers of people to visit and learn about interesting wilderness areas

D.Mt. Desert Island is the most interesting tourist attraction in Maine

(5).Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the fourth paragraph of the selection?（分数：2.00）

A.The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves.

B.Acadia National Park is one of the smallest of the national parks.

C.On Mt. Desert Island, there is great tension between the year-round residents and the summer tourists.

D.Due to its location and environment, Mt. Desert Island supports an incredibly diverse animal and plant life.

The lives of the Ancient Greeks revolved around eris, a concept by which they defined the universe. They believed that the world existed in a condition of opposites. If there was good, then there was evil, if there was love, then there was hatred; joy, then sorrow; war then peace; and so on. The Greeks believed that good eris occured when one held a balanced outlook on life and coped with problems as they arose. It was a kind of ease of living that came from trying to bring together the great opposing forces in nature. Bad eris was evident in the violent conditions that ruled men's lives. Although these things were found in nature and sometimes could not be controlled, it was believed that bad eris occurred when one ignored a problem, letting it grow larger until it destroyed not only that person, but his family as well. The Ancient Greeks saw eris as a goddess: Eris, the Goddess of Discord, better known as Trouble. One myth that expresses this concept of bad eris deals with the marriage of King Peleus and the river goddess Thetis. Zeus, the supreme ruler, learns that Thetis would bear a child strong enough to destroy its father. Not wanting to father his own ruin, Zeus convinces Thetis to marry a human, a mortal whose child could never challenge the gods. He promises her, among other things, the greatest wedding in all of Heaven and Earth and allows the couple to invite whomever they please. This is one of the first mixed marriages of Greek Mythology and the lesson learned from it still applies today. They do invite everyone. . . except Eris, the Goddess of Discord. In other words, instead of facing the problems brought on by a mixed marriage, they turn their backs on them. They refused to deal directly with their problems and the result is tragic. In her fury, Eris arrives, ruins the wedding, causes a jealous feud between the three major goddesses over a golden apple, and sets in place the conditions that lead to the Trojan War. The war would take place 20 years in the future, but it would result in the death of the only child of the bride and groom, Achilles. Eris would destroy the parents' hopes for their future, leaving the couple with no legitimate heirs to the throne. Hence, when we are told," If you don't invite trouble, trouble comes," it means that if we don't deal with our problems, our problems will deal with us. . . with a vengeance! It is easy to see why the Greeks considered many of their myths learning myths, for this one teaches us the best way to defeat that which can destroy us.（分数：10.00）

(1).According to the passage, the ancient Greeks believed that the concept of eris defined the universe______.（分数：2.00）

A.as a hostile, violent place

B.as a condition of opposites

C.as a series of problems

D.as a mixture of gods and man

(2).Most specifically, bad eris is defined in the passage as______.（分数：2.00）

A.the violent conditions of life

B.the problems man encounters

C.the evil goddess who has a golden apple

D.the murderer of generations

(3).It can be inferred that Zeus married Thetis off because______.（分数：2.00）

A.he needed to buy the loyalty of a great king of mankind

B.he feared the gods would create bad eris by competing over her

C.he feared the Trojan War would be fought over her

D.he feared having an affair with her and, subsequently, a child by her

(4).It can also be inferred that Zeus did not fear a child sired by King Peleus because______.（分数：2.00）

A.he knew that the child could not climb Mt. Olympus

B.he knew that the child would be killed in the Trojan War

C.he knew that no matter how strong a mortal child was, he couldn't overthrow an immortal god

D.he knew that Thetis would always love him above everyone else

(5).According to the passage, Achilles______.（分数：2.00）

A.defeated Zeus during the Trojan War

B.dies during the Trojan War

C.was born 20 years after the war because of the disruption Eris caused at the wedding

D.was the illegitimate son of Peleus

The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communications network consisting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees swarming around a hive. The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-limiting. At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and non-self. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or non-self molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders. Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a non-self molecule, the system has the ability to remember the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies passed during lactation, this so-called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must learn from experience with the many millions of distinctive non-self molecules in the sea of microbes in which we live. Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each non-self invader. Any substance capable of triggering an immune response is called an antigen. Antigens are not to be confused with allergens, which are most often harmless substances ( such as ragweed pollen or cat hair) that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, a parasite, or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another individual ( except an identical twin, whose cells carry identical selfmarkers) also act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary,

non-antigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes, which protrude from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface; some may even carry

several hundred. Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as non-self and execute a misdirected immune attack. The result can be a so-called autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosis. The painful side effects of these diseases are caused by a person's immune system actually attacking itself.（分数：10.00）

(1).What is the analogy used to describe the communications network among the cells in the immune system?（分数：2.00）

A.The immune system's memory.

B.Immune troops eliminating intruders.

C.Bees swarming around a hive.

D.A sea of microbes.

(2).After you have had the chicken pox, your immune system will be able to do all of the following EXCEPT ______.（分数：2.00）

A.prevent your offspring from infection by the chicken pox virus

B.distinguish between your body cells and that of the chicken pox virus

C.remember previous experiences with the chicken pox virus

D.match up and counteract non-self molecules in the form of the chicken pox virus

(3).How do the cells in the immune system recognize an antigen as foreign or non-self?（分数：

2.00）

A.Through an allergic response.

B.Through blood type.

C.Through fine hairs protruding from the antigen surface.

D.Through characteristic shapes on the antigen surface.

(4).Why would tissue transplanted from father to daughter have a greater risk of being detected as foreign than a tissue transplanted between identical twins?（分数：2.00）

A.The age of the twins' tissue would be the same and, therefore, less likely to be rejected.

B.The identical twin's tissue would carry the same self-markers and would, therefore, be less likely to be rejected.

C.The difference in the sex of the father and daughter would cause the tissue to be rejected by the daughter's immune system.

D.The twins' immune systems would remember the same encounters with childhood illnesses.

(5).Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）

A.An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response.

B.The basic function of the immune system is to distinguish between self and non-self.

C.One of the immune system's primary functions is the allergic response.

D.The human body presents an opportune habitat for microbes.

Glaciers consist of fallen snow that compresses over many years into large, thickened ice masses. Most of the world's glacial ice is found in Antarctica and Greenland, but glaciers are found on nearly every continent, even Africa. Presently, 10% of land area is covered with glaciers. Glacial ice often appears blue because ice absorbs all other colors but reflects blue. Almost 90% of an iceberg is below water; only about 10% shows above water. What makes glaciers unique is their ability to move. Due to sheer mass, glaciers flow like very slow rivers. Some glaciers are as small as football fields, whereas others grow to be over 100 kilometers long. Within the past 750, 000 years, scientists know that there have been eight Ice Age cycles, separated by warmer periods called interglacial periods. Currently, the earth is nearing the end of an interglacial, meaning that another Ice Age is due in a few thousand years. This is part of the normal climate variation cycle. Greenhouse warming may delay the onset of another glacial era, but scientists still have many questions to answer about climate change. Although glaciers change very slowly over long periods, they may provide important global climate change signals. The girth of the

ice, combined with gravity's influence, causes glaciers to flow very slowly. Once a mass of compressed ice reaches a critical thickness of about 18 meters thick, it becomes so heavy that it begins to deform and move. Ice may flow down mountains and valleys, fan across plains, or spread out to sea. Movement along the underside of a glacier is slower than movement at the top due to the friction created as it slides along the ground's surface. Most glaciers are found in remote mountainous areas. However, some found near cities or towns present a danger to the people living nearby. On land, lakes formed on top of a glacier during the melt season may cause floods. At the narrow part of a valley glacier, ice falling from the glacier presents a hazard to hikers below. When ice breaks off over the ocean, an iceberg is formed. Glaciers are a natural resource and contain 75% of the world's freshwater. People worldwide are trying to harness the power of these frozen streams. Some towns rely on glacial melting from a nearby ice cap to provide drinking water. Some farmers spread soil or ashes over snow to promote melting, hoping that the melting will provide water to irrigate crops in drought-stricken areas. Others have channeled meltwater from glaciers to their fields. Scientists and engineers have worked together to tap into glacial resources, using electricity that has been generated in part by damming glacial meltwater.（分数：10.00）

(1).According to the passage, what is a negative effect of living too close to a glacier?（分数：2.00）

A.The mass of the glacier reaches a critical thickness.

B.About 10% of a glacier shows above water.

C.Spreading dark material over snow promotes melting.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8a4307611.html,kes formed on top of glaciers may cause floods.

(2).According to the passage, where can glaciers be found?（分数：2.00）

A.Only on Antarctica.

B.Only Greenland and Alaska.

C.On nearly every continent.

D.Only the north and south poles.

(3).According to the passage, why does glacial ice often appear blue?（分数：2.00）

A.Because it does not absorb the color blue.

B.Because it absorbs all other colors but reflects blue.

C.Because it does not absorb all other colors including blue.

D.Because it is blue in color.

(4).After reading the passage, what can one conclude about glaciers?（分数：2.00）

A.There will not be another Ice Age coming.

B.Glaciers have both negative and positive effects on human life.

C.Scientists have difficulty studying glaciers.

D.Scientists have minimal data on the formation of glaciers.

(5).After reading the passage, what can one infer about glaciers?（分数：2.00）

A.Further exploration is needed to tap the power of glacial ice in fueling electric energy.

B.With variations in climate, glaciers shrink and expand.

C.Glaciers form in cold regions where the rate of snowfall is greater than the melting rate of snow.

D.Glaciers are usually bordered at the sides by rock debris.

4.Part B

__________________________________________________________________________________________ You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list[A]to[G]for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points)[A]Prepare for temptation.

[B]Stay organized. [C]Prioritize your assignments. [D]Focus on what you do. [E]Find a productive

study environment. [F]Study effectively. [G]Make a detailed schedule. When it comes to studying, managing your time is of the uttermost importance. You should determine how much time spent studying is enough, which varies from student to student and from one class to another. The following are some helpful tips on better managing your time. 1 Instead of just determining time to study in your head, make a subject-specific calendar and mark is so you can be reminded effectively. You will be more likely to follow through with your study plan if it is clearly marked on your calendar. Making a schedule and sticking to it will allow you to develop a routine that you can easily follow. Remember, you will have to revise your study schedule each semester to accommodate your class schedule and your other changing commitments. 2 Sorting out your assignments is a good way to ensure you spend the appropriate amount of time studying for each class or subject. Devote more time to studying subjects that are new to you or those in which your grade needs improvement. Also, remember to study the harder subjects first so that you tackle them with a fresh mind. Additionally, you should organize your studies with important tests or exams in mind. 3 You will inevitably be driven to distraction at some point, but don't get discouraged. Rather, learn from your mistakes, and look for patterns in the times you put off studying. Additionally, establish a way to reward yourself with fun activities after you finish a study session. This will give you the extra boost of energy to accomplish what you need to so you can enjoy spending time with your friends and family. 4 All students have a place where they are able to stay on task and maximize their time. Actually, some students find it ideal to study in a coffee shop or another place where there is background noise. Some students become more distracted when they study alone because there is no accountability. If you tend to stay on task when there are other students around who are devoting time exclusively to studying, go to these places at the right time. 5 Since you will be enrolled in several classes at a time, it is important that you systematize your class and study materials in a way that makes it easy to access them. Find a method that works for you, such as using a separate binder or folder for each class. Also, you don't want to interrupt your study session by searching your room for flash cards or notes. If you are taking online courses, figure out how to avoid wasting time sifting through your hard drive for course materials.（分数：10.00）

填空项1:__________________

填空项1:__________________

填空项1:__________________

填空项1:__________________

填空项1:__________________

6.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Artificial intelligence was a catchword at the Summer Davos forum in Dalian, Liaoning province, which concluded on Thursday. While participants from the academia, governments and the corporate sector had in-depth discussions on the future of AI technology at the three-day event, consultancy companies released reports highlighting the economic benefits of AI for China and the world at large. However, history tells us that, while technological advancements have brought us benefits, they have also led to great social upheavals, by, for example, changing the production and labor structures, and forcing many workers to either adapt to the changes or lose their jobs. In the 18th century, for instance , skilled workers rose up in revolt to resist the Industrial Revolution, with their protests culminating in movement that saw textile workers destroying machinery. We may not see similar protests today, but history should serve as a warning against the indiscriminate development and application of AI technology. While we may gain a lot of benefits from AI, we must work out plans to offset its negative impact on society, especially for workers.（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

三、Writing(总题数：5，分数：4.00)

8.Section III Writing

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.You have bought a camera from a department store last weekend but several problems arise as you use it. Write to the customer service department to complain about this and give your suggestions about how to fix the problem. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.Write an essay based on the following table. You should1) describe the table and2) give your

2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________