托福阅读：阅读中经常出现的近义词实用

托福阅读：阅读中经常出现的近义词（一）

anchor=hold in a place

abstract = concrete 文中找反意

Advance = improvement

accomplished = achieved

Admit (permit to enter) =let in

Adjusted = modificated (adjusted adj.调整过的 )

Annually = yearly

avenue (大路，手段方法) = means

advent--introduce（不确定）

a matter of speculation--supposition(speculation的同义词)

adjusted--modificated

advance--improvement

accumulate-- collect/press down，

（它在原文的句子是the diamonds accumulate in the 什么地方，是因为它的什么什么的特点）

appeal--attraction

attachment to --preference for

array=range n.排列, 编队, 军队, 衣服, 大批 vt.部署, 穿着, 排列

attendant-- accompanying

ascribed to--assumed to be true of

afford--provide/purchase/originate/require

available--obtainable

apparent--obvious

alert

【

同义词替换

新托福词汇同义词替换表（写作，阅读，口语，写作）系列之（A,B,C）同义词的积累对于阅读最大的好处就是让你真正明白正确答案的标准和特征，同样的道理，对于听力，也是听力原文和让你答题的选项之间常常不会是原封不动的说法，考官给考生制造难度的最常见方法就是换表达形式，但是不改变意思，同义词替换或者正话反说或者反话正说等等出题人常用的“伎俩”，因此以下开始给同学们列出所有新托福词汇的同义词归纳。背完的单词如何能够灵活的输出，我在课堂以及讲座总是说要进行意群的划分，或者具体说就是同义词的积累或者同类词的积累，因为这样储备之后我们在口语以及写作中就能够多样的表达，让语言的变化性和生动性能够提高，比如很多同学说到“重要”，总是只能输出一个“important”，但其实写作中和口语还有类似essential,influential,crucial等等多样的表达。好了，说过了同义词对于“口语”和“写作”这两大输出环节的作用之后，再说同义词对于“听力”和“阅读”这两大输入环境的作用，阅读理解的精髓就是原文的信息和选项信息的同义转化，因此例如原文中说一个方法非常的apparent，选项里的常常同义改写原说法，比如变成“se lf-evident”或者“obvious”，因此同义词的积累对于阅读最大的好处就是让你真正明白正确答案的标准和特征，同样的道理，对于听力，也是听力原文和让你答题的选项之间常常不会是原封不动的说法，考官给考生制造难度的最常见方法就是换表达形式，但是不改变意思，同义词替换或者正话反说或者反话正说等等出题人常用的“伎俩”，因此以下开始给同学们列出所有新托福词汇的同义词归纳。

历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案

0308 托福试题阅读( 55minutes ) Question 1-11 seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15) structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells . As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen If food is allowed to stand for some time, putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5 ) generation ,a hypothetical living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful spontaneous generation microbiologist Louis showed that structures present in air closely found not that it to be seen in such process by which of the theory of French chemist and opponent was the Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur resemble the microorganisms

托福写作同义词替换词(全)

同义词替换词国内考生常用的表达更得分的表达方式名词 1things that one tries hard to do one's undertakings/ one's commitments 2The fact is that?The reality is that? 3joy happiness/delight/ enjoyment 4sadness sorrow/ grief 5danger hazard/ peril ( 后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般 ) [派生 ] dangerous； hazardous ≈schooling （指学校教育，家庭教育则用 6education upbringing/ parenting）[ 区分 ]家庭教育的两个词 upbringing 是从孩子的角度说的，比如children's upbringing；而 parenting 是从家长的角度来说，比如 sensible parenting. 如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用 advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类 7advertisement/ advertising 细化，比如 commercials（电视或者互联网上的广告）， flyers（传单广告，北京最常见的形式就是“ 135****，办证”）， billboards （大幅的广告牌）或者 non-profit advertisements=public-interest advertisements （公益广告） 8car Automobile 9economic crisis economic meltdown（很接近） /recession（这个一般仅仅还是衰退） /the Great Depression （这个则是特指 1929 年开始的那次了） 10famous people celebrities （单数为 celebrity） 11human beings（备考生使humanity（注意这个词的单数指人类，复数用过多）指人文学科） /the human race 12wealth fortune(s)（ fortune 作财富的意思时可以加复数） 13[ 相关 ] rich wealthy/ affluent (adj.) 14skill≈注意这个词的正确解释是技能 technique( 或者方法，而不是 technology 科技 ) 15[ 派生 ] skilled adept/ adroit (adj.)

历年托福词汇题汇总440题(有答案)

TOEFL词汇题精选440题 001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) typical (B) satisfied (C) supportive (D) distinctive 002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety today. The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) valued (B) universal (C) uncommon (D) preserved 003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) surpassed (B) inclined (C) expressed (D) applied 004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) records (B) speeds (C) distances (D) periods 005. The increasing water pressure under the glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes. The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) pushing (B) releasing (C) strengthening (D) draining 006. A flood of ice would then surge into the turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) drop (B) extend (C) melt (D) drift 007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members. The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) necessary (B) typical (C) group (D) particular 008. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious

托福阅读分数对照表

常常有考友询问，为什么托福阅读明明有42个题，总分却只有30分，分数如何计算的呢？其实，每每看到这种问题，小编的内心是疼痛的。大家准备一个考试，却不看考试指导手册，考得不太理想，简直太正常了。就算天生神勇，也应该有个作战纲领呀！打开OG，第一部分就是托福阅读的介绍，编者首先给出了评分标准的表格。紧接着给出了各类题型的题型解析，这些就是托福阅读的考察内容，众位考友一定要反复研究，在准备考试时，下意识的按照出题者的思路去解题。那么托福阅读有些什么考察类型？应该怎么解题？

在iBT阅读中，甚至可以扩展到ETS所有考试的阅读题目中，无论是题干还是正确选项，大都能在原文中找出一句话来与之相对应。即题目是原文的意译。这种意译是通过同义词来完成的。即题干中多用近义词来对原文中的句子进行替换，来达到提出问题或者提出正确答案的意思。准确把握意译，是多数题目中准确在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑选项中选出正确的那个，都有着重要的作用。 1、词汇题解题方法：若认识，直接解题，没得说；若不认识，就只能推断了。但是备考阶段最重要的一点。背单词！首先，考托福没有一定的词汇量等于直接酱油了，所以词汇量是一切的基础。 2、指代题考点：句子直接词之间的关系解题方法：（1）代词 a. 从句的主语指代主句的主宾语(使用属性判断,不用含义) b. 关系代词指代先行词(插入结构不影响指代关系) c. 重复概念指代: Tom and his cat(就近原则) d. some 和 others （2）名词 a. 优先选择题干的上下意词 m is a kind of M, M是m的上意词 b. 若上下意词不唯一则当作代词指代处理注意: a.被指代对象往往在代词之前出现 b. 从句开头往后找答案 c. 代词和被指代对象的数性和性质必须一致 d. 指代的传递现象 3、句子简化题解题方法：（1）确定题干句子中的逻辑成分逻辑成分主要包括：关联词，动词，状语而托福最爱考的逻辑主要是：因果，比较、最高级，否定（2）确定与逻辑相关的语义要依据最简化原则，抓句子中的逻辑要素。因果的逻辑要素是：原因结果比较的逻辑要素是：比较三要素最高级否定的逻辑要素是：作用对象（3）选择与题干逻辑语义一致的选项先主后次，从逻辑到语义（千万要保证逻辑正确）

同义词替换和长难句

托福强化钱薇词义题历年真题 precarious:uncertain settled:stable chronicle:describe link:connection diverse:different noted:observed emphasize:stress accordingly:consequently strain:stress favored:preferred probe:explore load:weight account for:explain ornate:elaborate derive from:base on primarily:chiefly prevailing:dominant vast:great undergo:experience scurrying:rushing intent:purpose cluster:group formidable:difficult agents:causes synonymous with:equivalent with estimate:judge laborious:difficult surge:sharp increase obscure:unclear display:exhibit prolific:fruitful precise:accurate exercise:utilize marked:noticeable confine:restrict sustain:support demise:death ultimately:eventually constant:consistent attaine:achieve yet:sofar attest to:give evidence of rudimentary:basic biting:sharp heighten:increase meticulous:careful pry off:remove strikingly:noticeably carry on:conduct necessitate:require facilitate:enable realization:recognition thriving:flourishing sweep:extend contemporary:current clue:indication envelope:surround indeterminate:uncertain by virtue of:because of tend:care for provisioning:supplying dominant:common shatter:break apart durable:strong exert:put imitation:copying primitive:undeveloped supplant:replace barter:exchange yield:produce intriguing:fascinating rather than:instead of forage:search for food compelling:forceful enhancement:improvement furnish:provide revitalize:bring life to allay:reduce testimony:evidence hardiest:most vigorous framework:structure prolong:extend encounter:meet oversaw:supervised deliver:present boast:take pride in version:form customary:usual significance:importance counter:overcome probe:explore incise:cut extracting:removing strength:basis surging:accelerating trend:tendency peak:maximum prior to:preceding advocate:proponent maintain:preserve considerable:substantial enactment:performance staggering:overwhelming devastate:ruin extend:stretch spark:bring about potential:possible supplant:replace ascending:climbing solemn:serious scores:music composition margin:edge bias:prejudice prevailing:frequent relate:connect forward-looking:progressive subsidize:finance rotate:alternate implements:tools clue:information hemisphere:side subject to:susceptible to bizarre:odd homogeneous:uniform subtle:slight raw:umprocessed prospect:possibility roughly:approximately magnify:increase fused:combined lure:attract discrete:separate inevitable:unavoidable lament:complain about

历年托福考试阅读真题精选

历年托福考试阅读真题精选 If you find a path with no obstacles, it probably doesn't lead anywhere.以下是小编为大家搜索整理的历年托福考试阅读真题精选，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网! Industrialization came to the United State after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent; the average per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year — 30 percent over the course of a generation. Goods that had once been luxury items became part of everyday life. The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which workers made goods, since the 1790's, North American entrepreneurs — even without technological improvements — had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process. For example, during the 1820's and 1830's the shoe industry greatly expanded the scale and extend of the outwork system. Tens of thousands of rural women, paid according to the amount they produced, fabricated the "uppers" of shoes, which were bound to the soles by wage-earning journeymen shoemakers in dozens of Massachusetts towns, whereas previously journeymen would have made the entire shoe. This system of production made the employer a powerful "shoe boss" and eroded workers' control over the pace and conditions of labor. However, it also dramatically increased the output of shoes while cutting their price. For tasks that were not suited to the outwork system, entrepreneurs created an even more important new organization, the modem factory, which used power-driven machines and assembly-line techniques to turn out large quantities of well-made goods. As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had built a highly automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by water power. His machinery lifted the grain to the top of the mill, cleaned it as it fell into containers known as hoppers, ground the grain into flour, and then conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it descended into barrels. Subsequently, manufacturers made use of new improved stationary steam engines to power their mills. This new technology enabled them to build factories in the nation's largest cities, taking advantage of urban concentrations of inexpensive labor, good transportation networks, and eager customers. 1. What is the passage mainly about? (A) The difficulties of industrialization in North America (B) The influence of changes in manufacturing on the growth of urban centers (C) The rapid speed of industrialization in North America (D) Improved ways of organizing the manufacturing of goods 2. The word "boosted" in line 3 is closest in meaning to (A) ensured (B) raised (C) arranged (D) discouraged 3. The word "scope" in line 9 is closest in meaning to (A) value

托福阅读：增强“同义转换”的练习量

【托福阅读：增强“同义转换”的练习量】重视托福阅读中“同义转换”的练习量：我们的托福考试中，阅读部分句子和段落结构的要求是非常重要的，但是对于很多不涉及段落和复杂句子结构的题目来说，同学们容易错在与同义转换有关的表达上。毋庸置疑，我们的托福考试中，阅读部分句子和段落结构的要求是非常重要的，但是对于很多不涉及段落和复杂句子结构的题目来说，同学们容易错在与同义转换有关的表达上。这些在题目定位和答案上出现的同义转换占据同学们错题很大的比例，包括细节题，排除题，句子简化题，修辞目的题等众多题型。这一次主要来谈谈前两个方面同义改写，希望在练习的思路上能帮助大家。 (1) 同义转换在细节题定位时细节题的思路我们已经清楚，我们都把问题分成两部分：找的部分和答案的部分。比如在生态系统的一篇文章中有个题目which of the following principles of ecosystems can be learned by studying a pond?题目的部分是which of the following principles can be learned，定位的部分by studying a pond。再根据关键点去定位，关键词定位或者关键主干定位。定位的时候我们根据关键词，问什么找什么，但很多同学有个习惯，根据题目中出现的词的“频率”去找原文句子，这是第一步错误原因，因为定位不准确(我们需要根据问的事情去定位，很多同学阅读题目的时候没看清楚问的是什么事情的什么问题，有目标的找答案);第二步进一步错误再根据“可能的相关答案”中和原文句子里面词汇“有重复的词”去找“貌似答案”…这样就容易出现问题，因为错误在于定位的时候不是根据问的问题来定的位。简单的题目比如例一：难度*

同义词替换

同义词替换一、名词/名词短语 1.author= writer 作家 2.century=a hundred years 世纪、百年chance= opportunity 机会 decision = resolution 决定 dishes = food 食物 family = home 家 firm = company 公司 first name = give name 名字 last name = family name gift = present 礼物 litter = rubbish/trash 垃圾 match = contest比赛 message = information信息 note = message 短信 part=area地区 pen pal = pen friend 笔友 photo = picture 照片 question= problem 问题 shop = store 商店 sight= places of interest 名胜、风景some day = one day 来日、将来有一天sportsman = athlete 运动员 spot = place 地点、场所 stop = station 车站suggestion = advice忠告 table=desk 桌子 talk = conversation谈话 test= exam 考试 the Smiths = the Smith family 史密斯一家theme = topic 主题 tonight = this evening 今晚 top dog=winner赢家 two times = twice 两次、两倍 two and a half hour = two hours and a half 两个半小时 vacation = holiday 假期 way = method 方法 work = job 工作二、动词/动词短语 ask for help= turn to 寻求帮助 come again = pardon 再一次 act = perform 表演 add---to---=put ---on---把---加到---上 afford = buy 买；承担得起 allow= permit 允许；准许 do---by oneself= alone 单独地；独自地 be hungry for becoming = be looking forward to becoming 渴望成为argue = quarrel 争论

历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案

0308 托福试题阅读（55minutes） Question 1-11 If food is allowed to stand for some time, it putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5 ) generation ,a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur showed that structures present in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.1 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15)structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells . As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen liters of ordinary air ,and they could not be distinguished from the organisms found in much larger numbers in putrefying materials .Pasteur concluded that the organisms found in putrefying materials originated from the organized bodies present in the air .He postulated that

托福阅读中的同义替换

托福阅读中的同义替换在托福考试中阅读的词汇量要求最大，这给很多学生都增加了负担，其实在提到一些难词、术语时一般都会进行paraphrase，即以更常见、更简单的词来解释说明这些词，通俗的说就是将这些不太好理解的单词进行同义替换。一般说来，我们可以从如下几个方面来进行paraphrase转述表达： 1. 同义词、反义词的替换 A The elephant is another animal that lives in groups. An elephant herd usually has from twenty to forty members. The elephants in theherd depend on one another for help in time of trouble. 解析：此处groups/ herd是同义词; B Dinosaurs were ancient species of reptiles. They lived on Earth for 160 million years. Some dinosaurs were as small as rabbits; others were enormous. Some ate meat, and others ate plants. They disappeared about 65 million years ago. Scientists believe that they starved to death. They think the climate changed quickly and caused many plants to die. 解析：此处lived/ disappeared;small/enormous; meat /plants均为反义词词组; 2. 词义词性的替换 C Recently, more airport officers have been shocked by the growth of animal smuggling. Sometimes, they find live turtles, lizards, frogs, and snakes in passengers' carry-on bags. Smugglers use several tricks to bring animals through airports. They put live snakes into film boxes and birds into tennis ball cans. Police even found an iguana taped to a man's chest. Not all animals are smuggled alive, however. Many die on the way. Animal body parts are also found. These include antlers, skins, dried organs, hooves, or feet.

托福写作考满分必备100个高级替换词汇

托福写作——100个替换词汇 important =crucial (extremely important)，significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) common=universal, ubiquitous (if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) abundant=ample(enough and usually extra)，plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) stick=adhere, cling (hold on something tightly) neglect=ignore。(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention。) near=adjacent(two things next to each other)，adjoin(the same as adjacent) pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned)，seek(if you seek sty, you try to obtain it FORMAL) accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details)，exact(correct in every detail) vague=obscure (unknown or known by only a few people) top=peak, summit competitor=rival, opponent (especially in sports and politics) blame=condemn (if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable) opinion=perspective, standpoint (means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) fame=prestige(describe those who are admired)，reputation build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL)，establish insult=humiliate (do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid) complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way) primary=radical (very important and great in degree)，fundamental relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe) force=coerces into (coerce means you make someone do something she does not want to)，compel enlarge=magnify (magnify means make something

托福阅读：阅读中经常出现的近义词实用

同义词替换

历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案

托福写作同义词替换词(全)

历年托福词汇题汇总440题(有答案)

托福阅读分数对照表

同义词替换和长难句

最新382组高分重点托福写作同义词替换

历年托福考试阅读真题精选

托福阅读：增强“同义转换”的练习量

同义词替换

历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案

托福阅读中的同义替换

托福写作考满分必备100个高级替换词汇