高分子材料与工程专业英语答案

高分子材料与工程专业英语答案【篇一：高分子材料专业英语第二版部分答案2】

t all polymers are built up from bonding together a single kind

of repeating unit. at the other extreme ,protein molecules are polyamides in which n amino acide repeat units are bonded together. although we might still call n the degree of polymerization in this case, it is less usefull,since an amino

acid unit might be any one of some 20-odd molecules that are found in proteins. in this case the molecular weight

itself,rather than the degree of the polymerization ,is generally used to describe the molecule. when the actual content of individual amino acids is known,it is their sequence that is of special interest to biochemists and molecular biologists.并不是所有的聚合物都是由一个重复单元链接在一起而形成的。在另一个

极端的情形中，蛋白质分子是由n个氨基酸重复单元链接在一起形

成的聚酰胺。尽管在这个例子中，我们也许仍然把n称为聚合度，

但是没有意义，因为一个氨基酸单元也许是在蛋白质中找到的20多

个分子中的任意一个。在这种情况下，一般是分子量本身而不是聚

合度被用来描述这个分子。当知道了特定的氨基酸分子的实际含量，它们的序列正是生物化学家和分子生物学家特别感兴趣的地方。

1,题目：another striking ...答案：.thatquantity low saturation bottom much absorb

2. 乙烯分子带有一个双键，为一种烯烃，它可以通过连锁聚合大量

地制造聚乙烯，目前，聚乙烯已经广泛应用于许多技术领域和人们

的日常生活中，成为一种不可缺少的材料。

ethylene molecule with a double bond, as a kind of olefins, it can make chain polymerization polyethylene, at present, polyethylene has been widely used in many fields of

technology and peoples daily life, become a kind of indispensable materials.

unit3

1 the polymerization rate may be experimentally followed by measuring the changes in any of several properties of the system such as density,refractive index,viscosity, or light absorption. density measurements are among the most accurate and sensitive of the techniques. the density increases

by 20-25 percent on polymerization for many monomers. in actual practice the volume of the polymerizing system is measured by carrying out the reaction in a dilatometer. this is specially constructed vessel with a capillary tube which allows a highly accurate measurement of small volume changes. it is not uncommon to be able to detect a few hundredths of a percent polymerization by the dilatometer technique. 聚合速率

在实验上可以通过测定体系的任一性质的变化而确定，如密度、折

射率、黏度、或者吸光性能。密度的测量是这些技术中最准确最敏

感的。对许多单体的聚合来说，密度增加了20%-25%。在实际操作中，聚合体系的体积是通过在膨胀计中进行反应测定的。它被专门

设计构造了毛细导管，在里面可以对微小体积变化进行高精确度测量。通过膨胀计技术探测聚合过程中万分之几的变化是很常见的。

unti4

2 合成聚合物在各个领域中起着与日俱增的重要作用，聚合物通常

是由单体通过加成聚合与缩合聚合制成的。就世界上的消耗量而论，聚烯烃和乙烯基聚合物居领先地位，聚乙烯、聚丙烯等属聚烯烃，

而聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯等则为乙烯基聚合物。聚合物可广泛地用作

塑料、橡胶、纤维、涂料、粘合剂等the synthetic polymers play an increasingly important role on a range of domains, which

are synthesized by monomers through addition polymerization or condensation polymerization. polyolefin and vinyl polymer have taken the lead in terms of the world consumption. pe, pp, etc. belong to the polyolefin, while ps, pvc etc. belong to the vinyl polymer. polymers can be widely applied in plastics, rubbers, fibers, coatings, glues and so on.

unit7

polymerization of lactones and lactones by either a cationic or anionic mechanism. important initiators for cyclic ethers and lactone polymerization are those derived from aluminum alkyl and zinc alkyl/water systems. it should be pointed out that substitution near the reactive group of the monomer is

essential for the individual mechanism that operates

effectively in specific cases; for

example, epoxides polymerize readily with cationic and anionic initiators, while fluorocarbon epoxides polymerize exclusively by anionic mechanisms.开环聚合反应只能通过离子机理进行，环

醚（的开环）聚合主要通过阳离子机理，而内酯和内酰胺的聚合物

是通过阳离子或阴离子机理。对于环醚和内酯型聚合物很重要的引

发剂是那些来自于烷基铝和烷基锌/水的体系。应该指出的是（对于）在活性基团附近有取代的单体，只能由单一机理，（这一机理）是

在特定条件下的有效操作，例如环氧聚合能用阳离子和阴离子引发剂，然而碳氟环氧化物的聚合只能是阴离子机理。

unti8

1 polymers can be classified into two main groups, addition polymers and ___condensation__ polymers. this classification

is based on whether or not the repeating unit of the polymer contains the same atoms __as____ the monomer. the

repeating unit of an addition polymer is identical _with/to____ the monomer, while condensation polymers contain

__different/less___ because of formation of

__compound/byproduct___ during the polymerization process. the corresponding polymerization processed would then be called addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. as was mentioned earlier, this classification

can result ___in__ confusion, since it has been shown in later years that many important types of polymers can be _prepared by both addition and condensation processes. for example, polyesters, polyamides and polyurethanes are usually considered to be _condensation____ polymers, but they can

be prepared by addition as well as by condensation reaction. similarly, polyethylene normally considered an _addition_ polymer, can also be prepared by _condensation_ reaction.

2. answer the following questions in english

(1) what is chain polymerization?

many olefinic and vinyl unsaturated compounds are able to form chain-like macromolecules through elimination of double bond.

(2) which kinds of monomers can carry out step-growth polymerization process?

there are two kinds of monomers could carry out step-growth polymerization process. one is polyfunctional monomers and the other is a single monomer containing both types of functional groups.

(3) what properties of polymers can be based on for

measuring the molecular weight?

the molecular weight of polymer could be measured based on colligative properties, light scattering, viscosity, ultracentrifugation sedimentation.

3. please write out at least 10 kinds of polymers both in english and in chinese

4. please write out at least 10 kinds of monomers both in english and in chinese and the corresponging chemical structure

乙烯氯乙烯丙烯 1-丁烯丙烯腈

ethylene vinylchloride propylene 1- butene acrylonitrile

f

cooh

f1,4-丁二烯四氟乙烯苯乙烯异丁烯丙烯酸

5 in general，head-to-tail addition is considered to be the predominant mode of propagation in all polymerizations。however，when the substitutes on the monomer are small (and do not offer appreciable steric hindrance to the approaching radical) or do not have a large resonance stabilizing effect，as in the case of fluorine atoms，sizable amounts of head-to-head propagation may occur. the effect of increasing polymerization temperature is to increase the amount of head-to-head placement。increased temperature leads to less selective (more random) propagation but the effect is not large. thus，the head-to-head content in poly (vinyl acetate) only increases from 1.30 to 1.98 percent when the polymerization temperature in increased from 30 to 90 ℃.通常在所有聚合物的链增长中，头-尾加成是主要方式。然而，当单体中的取代基很小（对接近的自由基没有空间阻碍）或没有较大的共振稳定作用，如氟原子，则有相当量的头头增长发生。提高聚合温度的影响是提高头-头排列的量。温度的提高导致较少的选择（更多的无规）增长，但影响不大。因而，在聚乙酸乙烯酯中，当聚合温度由30c提高到90c，头-头含量仅由1.3%提高到1.98%。

2．write out an abstract in english for the text in this unit

polymers with different structures present various properties. usually, polymers are divided into three categories, i.e. plastic, elastomer, fiber with different initial modulus range respectively. polymers show quite 1,4-butadienetetrafluoroethylenestyrene isobuteneacrylic acid

different behaviors due to the different interchain forces in elastomer and fiber. however, with the advent of new techniques and mechanisms to improve the structure of polymers, polymers may be classified and named according to the mechanism, and their properties will largely depend on the structure.

3．put the following words into chinese

entanglement 纠缠 irregularity 无规 sodium isopropylate异丙醇钠permeability渗透性crystallite 微晶stoichiomertric balance 当量平衡fractionation分馏法light scattering光散射matrix 基体 diffraction衍射

4．put the following words into english

形态 morphology酯化 esterification 异氰酸酯isocyanate

杂质impurity二元胺 diamine 转化率change ratio 多分散性polydispersity 力学性能mechanical property构象conformation 红外光谱法infrared spectroscopy

常见聚合物命名

（1）常见杂链和元素有机聚合物类型

polyamide ----聚酰胺. polyester----聚酯poly‘urethane ------聚氨酯polysiloxane -------聚硅氧烷phenol-formaldehyde----酚

醛 .urea-formaldehyde-----脲醛 polyureas------聚脲 polysulfide -----聚硫polyacetal-------聚缩醛polysulfone (polysulphone)------聚砜polyether---------聚醚

【篇二：高分子材料与工程专业英语翻译】

txt>unit 1 what are polymer?

第一单元什么是高聚物？

what are polymers? for one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. to contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. these big molecules or

‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. to illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. when these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from

molecules of the same compound. alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。与低分子化合物不同的是，普通盐的分

子量仅仅是58.5，而高聚物的分子量高于105，甚至大于106。这

些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成。小分子相互结合形成大分子，大分子能够是一种或多种化合物。举例说明，想象一组大小相

同并由相同的材料制成的环。当这些环相互连接起来，可以把形成

的链看成是具有同种分子量化合物组成的高聚物。另一方面，独特

的环可以大小不同、材料不同，相连接后形成具有不同分子量化合

物组成的聚合物。

this interlinking of many units has given the polymer its name, poly meaning ‘many’ and mer meaning ‘part’ (in greek). as an example, a gaseous compound called butadiene, with a molecular weight of 54, combines nearly 4000 times and gives a polymer known as polybutadiene (a synthetic rubber) with about 200 000molecular weight. the low molecular weight compounds from which the polymers form are known as monomers. the picture is simply as follows:

许多单元相连接给予了聚合物一个名称，poly意味着“多、聚、重复”，mer意味着“链节、基体”（希腊语中）。例如：称为丁二烯的气态化合物，分子量为54，化合将近4000次，得到分子量大约为200000被称作聚丁二烯（合成橡胶）的高聚物。形成高聚物的低分子化合物称为单体。下面简单地描述一下形成过程：

butadiene + butadiene + ??? + butadiene--→polybutadiene

(4 000 time)

丁二烯＋丁二烯＋…＋丁二烯——→聚丁二烯

（4000次）

to become liquid benzene at 5.5℃ and , on further heating, boils into gaseous benzene. as against this well-defined behavior of a simple chemical compound, a polymer like polyethylene does not melt sharply at one particular temperature into clean liquid. instead, it becomes increasingly softer and, ultimately, turns into a very viscous, tacky molten mass. further heating of this hot, viscous, molten polymer does convert it into various gases but it is no longer polyethylene. (fig. 1.1) .

因而能够看到分子量仅为54的小分子物质（单体）如何逐渐形成分子量为200000的大分子（高聚物）。实质上，正是由于聚合物的巨

大的分子尺寸才使其性能不同于象苯这样的一般化合物。例如，固

态苯，在5.5℃熔融成液态苯，进一步加热，煮沸成气态苯。与这类

简单化合物明确的行为相比，像聚乙烯这样的聚合物不能在某一特

定的温度快速地熔融成纯净的液体。而聚合物变得越来越软，最终，变成十分粘稠的聚合物熔融体。将这种热而粘稠的聚合物熔融体进

一步加热，不会转变成各种气体，但它不再是聚乙烯（如图1.1）。

固态苯——→液态苯——→气态苯

加热，5.5℃加热，80℃

固体聚乙烯——→熔化的聚乙烯——→各种分解产物-但不是聚乙烯

加热加热

图1.1 低分子量化合物（苯）和聚合物（聚乙烯）受热后的不同行

为

another striking difference with respect to the behavior of a polymer and that of a low molecular weight compound

concerns the dissolution process. let us take, for example, sodium chloride and add it slowly to s fixed quantity of water. the salt, which represents a low molecular weight compound, dissolves in water up to s point (called saturation point) but, thereafter, any further quantity added does not go into solution but settles at the bottom and just remains there as solid. the viscosity of the saturated salt solution is not very much different from that of water. but if we take a polymer instead, say, polyvinyl alcohol, and add it to a fixed quantity of water,

the polymer does not go into solution immediately. the

globules of polyvinyl alcohol first absorb water, swell and get distorted in shape and after a long time go into solution. also, we can add a very large quantity of the polymer to the same quantity of water without the saturation point ever being reached. as more and more quantity of polymer is added to water, the time taken for the dissolution of the polymer obviously increases and the mix ultimately assumes a soft, dough-like consistency. another peculiarity is that, in water, polyvinyl alcohol never retains its original powdery nature as the excess sodium chloride does in a saturated salt solution.

in conclusion, we can say that (1) the long time taken by polyvinyl alcohol for dissolution, (2) the absence of a

saturation point, and (3) the increase in the viscosity are all characteristics of a typical polymer being dissolved in a

solvent and these characteristics are attributed mainly to the large molecular size of the polymer. the behavior of a low molecular weight compound and that of a polymer on dissolution are illustrated in fig.1.2.

发现另一种不同的聚合物行为和低分子量化合物行为是关于溶解过程。例如，让我们研究一下，将氯化钠慢慢地添加到固定量的水中。盐，代表一种低分子量化合物，在水中达到点（叫饱和点）溶解，但，此后，进一步添加盐不进入溶液中却沉到底部而保持原有的固

体状态。饱和盐溶液的粘度与水的粘度不是十分不同，但是，如果

我们用聚合物替代，譬如说，将聚乙烯醇添加到固定量的水中，聚

合物不是马上进入到溶液中。聚乙烯醇颗粒首先吸水溶胀，发生形变，经过很长的时间以后进入到溶液中。同样地，我们可以将大量

的聚合物加入到同样量的水中，不存在饱和点。将越来越多的聚合

物加入水中，认为聚合物溶解的时间明显地增加，最终呈现柔软像

面团一样粘稠的混合物。另一个特点是，在水中聚乙烯醇不会像过

量的氯化钠在饱和盐溶液中那样能保持其初始的粉末状态。总之，

我们可以讲（1）聚乙烯醇的溶解需要很长时间，（2）不存在饱和点，（3）粘度的增加是典型聚合物溶于溶液中的特性，这些特性主

要归因于聚合物大分子的尺寸。如图1.2说明了低分子量化合物和聚合物的溶解行为。氯化钠晶体加入到水中——→晶体进入到溶液中.

溶液的粘度不是十分不同于

充分搅拌

水的粘度——→形成饱和溶液.剩余的晶体维持不溶解状态.

加入更多的晶体并搅拌

氯化钠的溶解

聚乙烯醇碎片加入到水中——→碎片开始溶胀——→碎片慢慢地进

入到溶液中

允许维持现状充分搅拌

——→形成粘稠的聚合物溶液.溶液粘度十分高于水的粘度

继续搅拌

聚合物的溶解

图1.2 低分子量化合物（氯化钠）和聚合物（聚乙烯醇）不同的溶

解行为

——gowariker vr, viswanathan n v, sreedhar j. polymer science. new york:

john wiley sons, 1986.6

unit 2 chain polymerization

第二单元链式聚合反应

many olefinic and vinyl unsaturated compounds are able to form chain-0like macromolecules through elimination of the double bond, a phenomenon first recognized by staudinger. diolefins polymerize in the same manner, however, only one of the two double bonds is eliminated. such reactions occur through the initial addition of a monomer molecule to an initiator radical or an initiator ion, by which the active state is transferred from the initiator to the added monomer. in the same way by means of a chain reaction, one monomer molecule after the other is added (2000~20000 monomers per second) until the active state is terminated through a different type of reaction. the polymerization is a chain reaction in two ways: because of the reaction kinetic and because as a reaction product one obtains a chain molecule. the length of the chain molecule is proportional to the kinetic chain length. staudinger第一个发现一例现象，许多烯烃和不饱和烯烃通过打开双键可以形成链式大分子。二烯烃以同样的方式聚合，然而，仅限于两个双键中的一个。这类反应是通过单体分子首先加成到引发剂自由基或引发剂离子上而进行的，靠这些反应活性中心由引发剂转移到被加成的单体上。以同样的方式，借助于链式反应，单体分子一个接一个地被加成（每秒2000～20000个单体）直到活性中心通过不同的反应类型而终止。聚合反应是链式反应的原因有两种：因为反应动力学和因为作为反应产物它是一种链

式分子。链分子的长度与动力学链长成正比。

one can summarize the process as follow (r. is equal to the initiator radical):

链式反应可以概括为以下过程（r?相当与引发剂自由基）：略

one thus obtains polyvinylchloride from vinylchloride, or polystyrene from styrene, or polyethylene from ethylene, etc.因而通过上述过程由氯乙烯得到聚氯乙烯，或由苯乙烯获得聚苯乙烯，或乙烯获得聚乙烯，等等。

the length of the chain molecules, measured by means of the degree of polymerization, can be varied over a large range

through selection of suitable reaction conditions. usually, with commercially prepared and utilized polymers, the degree of polymerization lies in the range of 1000 to 5000, but in many cases it can be below 500 and over 10000. this should not be interpreted to mean that all molecules of a certain polymeric material consist of 500, or 1000, or 5000 monomer units. in almost all cases, the polymeric material consists of a mixture of polymer molecules of different degrees of polymerization.

借助于聚合度估算的分子链长，在一个大范围内可以通过选择适宜的反应条件被改变。通常，通过大量地制备和利用聚合物，聚合度在1000～5000范围内，但在许多情况下可低于500、高于10000。这不应该把所有聚合物材料的分子量理解为由500，或1000，或5000个单体单元组成。在几乎所有的事例中，聚合物材料由不同聚合度的聚合物分子的混合物组成。

polymerization, a chain reaction, occurs according to the same mechanism as the well-known chlorine-hydrogen reaction and the decomposition of phosegene.

聚合反应，链式反应，依照与众所周知的氯（气）-氢（气）反应和光气的分解机理进行。

the initiation reaction, which is the activation process of the double bond, can be brought about by heating, irradiation, ultrasonics, or initiators. the initiation of the chain reaction can be observed most clearly with radical or ionic initiators. these are energy-rich compounds which can add suitable unsaturated compounds (monomers) and maintain the activated radical, or ionic, state so that further monomer molecules can be added in the same manner. for the individual steps of the growth reaction one needs only a relatively small activation energy and therefore through a single activation step (the actual initiation reaction) a large number of olefin molecules are converted, as is implied by the term “chain reaction”. because very small amounts of t he initiator bring about the formation of a large amount of polymeric material (1:1000 to 1:1000), it is possible to regard polymerization from a superficial point of view as a catalytic reaction. for this reason, the initiators used in polymerization reactions are often designated as polymerization catalysts, even though, in the strictest sense, they are not true catalysts because the polymerization initiator enters into the reaction as a real

partner and can be found chemically bound in the reaction product ,i.e. ,the polymer, in addition to the ionic and radical initiators there are now metal complex initiators (which can be obtained, for example, by the reaction of titanium tetrachloride or titanium trichloride with aluminum alkyls), which play an important role in polymerization reactions (ziegler

catalysts) ,the mechanism of their

catalytic action is not yet completely clear.

双键活化过程的引发剂反应，可以通过热、辐射、超声波或引发剂

产生。用自由基型或离子型引发剂引发链式反应可以很清楚地进行

观察。这些是高能态的化合物，它们能够加成不饱和化合物（单体）并保持自由基或离子活性中心以致单体可以以同样的方式进一步加成。对于增长反应的各个步骤，每一步仅需要相当少的活化能，因

此通过一步简单的活化反应（即引发反应）即可将许多烯类单体分

子转化成聚合物，这正如连锁反应这个术语的内涵那样。因为少量

的引发剂引发形成大量的聚合物原料（1：1000～1：10000），从

表面上看聚合反应很可能是催化反应。由于这个原因，通常把聚合

反应的引发剂看作是聚合反应的引发剂，但是，严格地讲它们不是

真正意义上的催化剂，因为聚合反应的催化剂进入到反应内部而成

为一部分，同时可以在反应产物，既聚合物的末端发现。此外离子

引发剂和自由基引发剂有的是金属络合物引发剂（例如，通过四氯

化钛或三氯化钛与烷基铝的反应可以得到），z引发剂在聚合反应中

起到了重要作用，它们催化活动的机理还不是十分清楚。

unit 3 step-growth polymerization

第三单元逐步聚合

many different chemical reactions may be used to synthesize polymeric materials by step-growth polymerization. these include esterification, amidation, the formation of urethanes, aromatic substitution, etc. polymerization proceeds by the reactions between two different functional groups, e.g.,

hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, or isocyanate and hydroxyl groups.

许多不同的化学反应通过逐步聚合可用于合成聚合材料。这些反应

包括酯化、酰胺化、氨基甲酸酯、芳香族取代物的形成等。通过反

应聚合反应在两种不同的官能团，如，羟基和羧基，或异氰酸酯和

羟基之间。

all step-growth polymerization fall into two groups depending on the type of monomer(s) employed. the first involves two different polyfunctional monomers in which each monomer possesses only one type of functional group. a polyfunctional monomer is one with two or more functional groups per molecule. the second involves a single monomer containing both types of functional groups. the synthesis of polyamides illustrates both groups of polymerization reactions. thus, polyamides can be obtained from the reaction of diamines with diacids

所有的逐步聚合反应根据所使用单体的类型可分为两类。第一类涉及两种不同的官能团单体，每一种单体仅具有一种官能团。一种多官能团单体每个分子有两个或多个官能团。第二类涉及含有两类官能团的单种单体。聚酰胺的合成说明了聚合反应的两个官能团。因此聚酰胺可以由二元胺和二元酸的反应或氨基酸之间的反应得到。 nh2n-r-nh2+nho2c-r’-co2h→

h-(-nh-r-nhco-r’-co-)n-oh+(2n-1)h2o (3.1)

or from the reaction of amino acids with themselves

nh2r-co2h→ h-(-nh-r-co-)n-oh+(n-1)h20 (3.2)

the two groups of reactions can be represented in a general manner by the equations as follows

a+b-b →–[-a-a-b-b-]-a-b→–[-a-b-]-

两种官能团之间的反应一般来说可以通过下列反应式表示

【篇三：高分子材料与工程专业英语词汇】

表

chapter 3 polymeric materials

polymeric [???????????? ] adj.聚合的, 聚合体的 polymer [ ???????

] n.聚合物 natural polymer (or native polymer)天然高分子cellulose [ ?????????? ] n.纤维素 starch [ ??????

] n.淀粉 collagen [ ?????????? ] n.胶原质，胶原蛋白 leather [ ????? ] n.皮革, 皮革制品 modification [ ?????????????? ] n.改性 synthetic [ ?????????

] adj.合成的，人造的 moldable = mouldable [ ????????? ] adj. 可模压的、适于模压的

nitrate [ ????????? ] n.硝酸盐 cellulose nitrate 硝酸纤维素

celluloid [ ?????????? ] n.赛璐路，明胶 phenolics n.酚醛塑料

phenolic [ ???????? ] adj.(苯)酚的，酚醛的 nylon [ ??????? ] n.尼龙

vinyl [ ??????? ] n.乙烯基，乙烯树脂 acetate [ ????????? ] n.乙酸盐[酯] pvc abbr.聚氯乙烯，polyvinyl chloride polystyrene [ ??????????????? ] n.聚苯乙烯 acrylics [ ????????? ] n.丙烯酸树脂

melamines [ ??????????? ] n.三聚氰胺[蜜胺]塑料 pvdc abbr.

聚偏氯乙烯，polyvinylidene chloride polyester [ ?????????? ] n.聚酯 polyethylene [ ????????????? ] n.聚乙烯

fluorocarbon [ ????????????????? ] n.碳氟化合物，氟塑料

silicone [ ????????? ] n.硅树脂

epoxy [ ???????

] adj.环氧的；n.环氧树脂 abs abbr.丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物，acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene acetal [ ???????

] n.聚甲醛塑料 polypropylene [ ???????????????? ] n.聚丙烯 polycarbonate [ ??????????????????????] n.聚碳酸酯 ppo abbr.聚苯醚，polyphenylene oxide polysulphone [?????????????]n.聚砜 polyimide [ ???????????

] n.聚酰亚胺 pps abbr.聚亚苯基硫醚，polyphenylene sulfide thermoplastic [ ?????????????? ] adj.热塑性的；n.热塑性塑料 polyurethane [ ??????????????? ] n.聚氨酯

pei abbr.聚1,2-亚乙基亚胺，polyethylene imine peek abbr.聚醚醚酮，polyetheretherketone

pes abbr聚硫醚., polyether sulfone pbi abbr. 聚异丁烯，polyisobutylene polyphthalamide n. 聚苯二酰胺 bismaleimide n. 双马来酰亚胺 elastomer [????????????

] n.弹性体 adhesive [ ????????? ] adj.带粘性的；n.粘合剂coating [ ??????? ] n.涂料 fiber [ ??????

] n.纤维 thermosetting [ ????????????? ] adj.热固性的thermoset [ ????????? ] n.热固树脂, 热固塑料； adj.热固的

polyamide [ ?????????? ] n.聚酰胺 ureas [ ???????? ] n.尿素塑料 epoxide [ ????????? ] n.环氧化物 polymerization [ ????????????????? ] n.聚合 n.聚合反应

step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合 chain-growth polymerization 连锁聚合 hydroxy [??????????] adj.氢氧根的,

羟基的 carboxylic [ ????????????? ] adj.羧基的 carboxylic acid 羧酸

molar [ ?????? ] adj.摩尔的，molar mass 摩尔质量 acid chloride 酰基氯；氯化酰基

chl n.盐酸，muriatic acid(商业用语); hydrochloric acid monomer [ ???????

] n.单体 functionality [ ??????????????? ] n.官能度 functional [ ????????? ] adj.功能的，官能度的 branch [ ??????? ] n.;v.支化 crosslink [ ????????? ] v.交联 initiation [ ???????????? ] n.引发 propagation [ ????????????? ] n.增长 termination [ ????????????? ] n.终止 n.终止 radical [ ?????????] adj.自由基的 radical polymerization 自由基聚合 anionic [`??????????]adj.阴离子的 anionic polymerization 阴离子聚合cationic [ ??????????? ] adj.阳离子的 cationic polymerization 阳离子聚合 coordination [ ??????????????? ] n.配位coordination polymerization 配位聚合 homopolymer [ ????????????? ] n.均聚物 copolymer [ ?????????? ] n.共聚物 block copolymer 嵌段共聚物 alternating copolymer 交替共

聚物

graft copolymer 接枝共聚物

statistical copolymer 无规嵌段共聚物 random copolymer 无规共聚物 backbone [ ???????? ] n.主链

semicrystalline [?????????????????]adj.半结晶的amorphous [ ???????? ] adj.无定形的 morphology [ ??????????? ] n.形态 phase [ ????

] n.相 living polymerization 活性聚合 compatibilizer n.增容剂blend [ ?????

] n.,v.共混（物） terpolymer [ ?????????? ] n.三元共聚物 alloy [ ?????

] n.合金 miscible [ ??????? ] adj.易混合的，可（溶）混的particle [ ?????????] n.粒子 cylinder [ ???????? ] n.圆柱体lamella [ ??????? ] n.薄层, 薄片 synergistic adj.协同的

molecular architecture 分子构造 linear [ ?????? ] adj.线性的short branched adj.短支化的 long branched adj.长支化的ladder shaped adj.梯形的 star shaped adj.星形的hyperbranched adj.超支化的 chain segment 链段 creep

[ ??????] n.,v.蠕变 loading [ ??????? ] n.载荷 crystallinity n.结晶度

rheological [???????????????] adj.流变学的 stability [ ?????????? ] n.稳定性 crystalline [ ??????????? ] adj.结晶的amorphous [ ???????? ] adj.无定形的 entangle [ ???????? ] v.缠结 strength [ ?????? ] n.强度 toughness [ ??????? ] n.韧性 configuration [ ???????????????? ] n.构型 conformation [ ?????????????? ] n.构象 regularity [ ?????????????

] n.规整性 compactness [ ??????????? ] n.紧密度[性] flexibility [ ?????????????? ] n.柔顺性 liquid-crystal polymer n.液晶聚合物 orient [ ????????

] v.取向 extrusion [?????????????

] n.挤出

injection molding 注射模塑成型 granular [ ????????? ] adj.粒状的 hopper [ ????? ] n.漏斗 barrel [ ?????? ] n.机筒 screw [ ????: ] n.螺杆 ram [ ??? ] n.顶杆 mold [ ????? ] n.模具 eject [???????] v.顶出 cavity [ ????????

] n.型腔 hydraulic [ ??????????? ] adj.液压传动的polyphenylene oxide 聚苯醚

compression molding 挤压模塑成型 cure [ ???? ] v.固化 flash [ ????

] n.溢料 knockout [ ???????? ] n.脱模 pin [ ??? ] n.销钉

overflow [ ?????????? ] n.溢料口 runner [????????]n.流道，浇口 transfer molding 传递模塑成型 blow molding 吹塑成型split mold 对开模具

parison [ ?????????] n.（玻璃、塑料等）型坯 annulus [ ???????? ] n.环形套筒 extrusion [ ??????????? ] n.挤出 die [ ???

] n.模具 thermoforming [ ?????????????? ] n.热成型 sag [ ??? ] v.下垂 calendering n.压延

plasticate [???????????] v.塑炼 vulcanize [??????????

] v.硫化 vulcanization [ ????????????????] n.硫化 casting [ ???????? ] n.浇铸 catalyze [ ?????????

] v.催化 solidification [ ???????????????? ] n.固化，凝固urethane n.尿烷，氨基甲酸乙酯

reaction injection molding 反应注射模塑成型reactant [ ???????????

] n.反应物 polyurethane [ ??????????????? ] n.聚氨酯sintering [ ????????? ] n.烧结 coalescence [ ??????????? ] n.融合 foam molding 发泡模塑成型 hardness [ ???????? ] n.硬度flexural strength 抗挠（弯）强度 impact [ ????????

] n., vt冲击

additive [ ??????? ] n.添加剂 filler [ ?? ?

?? ] n.填料 reinforcer [ ??????????????? ] n.增强剂，增加材料 toughness [ ?

?????? ] n.韧性 polycarbonate [ ???????????????

]n.聚碳酸酯 transparent [ ????????????? ]adj.透明的polyurethane

[ ??????????????? ] n.聚氨酯 insulator [ ??????????? ] n.绝缘体, 绝热器 cellular expansion

[ ????????

] adj.蜂窝状的，多孔状的

[ ?????????? ] n.膨胀

saran [ ?????? ] .莎纶, 此种合成纤维的商纶(聚偏

标名 n.莎

氯乙烯纤维或其它共聚物纤维的统称), 此种

合成纤维的商标名

retardant[ ???????????

] n.延缓(作用)剂 flamm able [ ?????????] adj.易燃的, 可燃性的toxic [ ???????

] adj.有毒的, 中毒的 fume [ ??????

] n.(浓烈或难闻的)烟, 气体; v.用烟熏 , 冒烟

corrode [ ?

???????] v.使腐蚀, 侵蚀 deterioration [ ???????????????? ] n.变坏, 退化 discoloration [???????????????] n.变色, 污点swelling [ ?

?????? ] n.溶胀，胀大 crazing [ ??????? ] n.细裂纹, 银纹, 龟裂 crack [ ? ] n.裂缝; v.(使)破裂, 裂inertness

???

纹n.惰性，不活泼solvent

[ ????????

] n.溶剂; adj.溶解的,有溶解力 acetone

[ ???????? ] n丙hdpe

酮

abbr. 高密度聚乙烯 high density polyethyleneopacity

transparency

[ ??????????

] n.不透明性 [ ??????????????

] n透明, 透明度 opaque [ ???????

] n.不透明物; adj.不透明的 optical [ ???????? ] adj.光学的transm ission [ ??????????? ] n.透光度 rubbery [ ??????? ] adj.似橡胶的，有弹力的 elastic [ ????????

] adj.弹性的 vulcanization [ ???????????????????????? ] n.硫化 latex [ ???????? ] n.胶乳

oxidation [ ??????????? ] n.氧化 sulfur [ ??????

] n.硫磺 susceptibility

[ ???????????????

] n.易感性 vulcanize

v.硫化

isoprene [ ??????????? ] n.异戊二烯 mern.链节，基体

resilient [ ???????????

] adj.有回弹力的

deformability [ ?????????????? ] n.可变形能力, 形变度, 可塑性abrasion [?????????? ] n.磨损 petroleum [ ??????????? ] n.石油 grease [???????] n.油脂 gasoline [?????????] n.汽油aging [ ????????

] n.老化 ultraviolet [ ?????????????? ] adj.紫外线的, 紫外的; n.紫外线辐射 ultraviolet light 紫外线 formulation [ ?????????????? ] n.配方

polybutadiene [ ??????????????????? ] n.聚丁二烯

butadiene rubber （br）顺丁橡胶 isoprene rubber（ir）异戊橡胶 butyl rubber (iir) 丁基橡胶

ethylene-propylene copolymers (epm)二元乙丙橡胶

zinc [?????

] n.锌 zinc oxide 氧化锌 polysulfide n.聚硫化物 polysulfide rubber 聚硫橡胶 polychlorapene n.聚氯丁烯，氯丁橡胶elastoplastic [???????????????] n.弹性塑料 butadiene

[ ???????????????] n.丁二烯 styrene [ ????????? ] n.苯乙烯tear [?????

] n., v.撕裂 kerosene [ ??????????

] n.煤油 neoprene [ ????????????? ] n.氯丁橡胶 ozone [ ??????? ] n.臭氧 silicone [ ????????? ] n.硅树脂 sealant [ ???????? ] n.密封剂 adhesive [ ????????? ] n.粘合剂lubricant [ ???????????

] n.滑润剂 volatile [ ??????????] adj.挥发性的, 不稳定的viscous [ ??????? ] adj.粘性的, 粘滞的, 胶粘的 epdm 三元乙丙橡胶(含双环戊二稀) ethylene- propylene-diene monomercarbon black 碳黑 clay [ ????

] n.粘土 deformation [ ?????????????? ] n.形变，变形

fluoroelastomer [ ?????????????????? ] n.含氟弹性体, 氟橡胶

preservative [ ???????????? ] n.防老剂，防腐剂 shellac [ ??????

] n.清漆 evaporation [ ????????????? ] n.蒸发(作用) dissolve [ ???????

] v.溶解

shellac

[ ?????? ] n.虫胶、紫胶 oil-base paints

油基涂料 water-base paints

水基涂料 lacquer

[ ????? ] n.漆 organosol

[ ?????????? ] n. 有机溶胶、油溶胶 plastisol

[ ????????????????? ] n.塑料溶胶 alkyd [ ??????

] n.醇酸树脂 wax

[ ???? ] n.蜡, 蜡状物

asphalt

[ ??????? ] n.沥青 enamvehicle el [ ???????

] n.瓷釉 [ ???????

] n. 载色剂 varnish [

???????

] n.清漆 acetone [ ???????? ] n.丙酮 tung [???? ] n.桐树桐油tall oil 妥尔油 dry oil 干燥油

pigm ent [ ????????

] n.颜料 gloss [ ???? ] n.光泽的表面; vt.使有光彩, 上光于catalyst

[ ????????? ] n.催化剂 dispersion

[ ?????????? ] n.分散 coalesce

[ ????????? ] v.接合 plasticizer

[ ???????????? ] n.增塑剂 heavy dip coating

厚浸渍涂层

fluidized bed

流化床 powder coating 粉末涂层 electrostatic spraying

静电喷涂

plasm

electrostatic

a arc spray (pas) 等离子电弧喷涂[ ????????????????

] adj.静电的 adherend n.被粘物，粘附体

substrate [ ????????? ] n.基体 phenol ? [ ???????

] n.苯酚, 石碳酸 resorcinol [ ????????????? ] n.间苯二酚

(=resorcin) form aldehyde [ ?????????????? ] n.甲醛, 蚁醛casein [ ????????? ] n.（干）酪素(粘接剂) urea [ ??????? ] n.尿素 polyvinyl acetate

n.聚乙酸乙酯 dextrin

[ ????????? ] n.糊精 hide [ ?

??? ] n.兽皮 skim med milk 脱脂牛奶 particleboard

刨花板 plywood [ ????????

] n.夹板, 合板胶合板 cyanoacrylate

[ ?????????????????

] n.氰基丙烯酸盐粘合剂 n.氰基丙烯酸盐粘合剂

butadiene

[ ?????????????? ] n.丁二烯

pressure-sensitive tape 压敏胶带 tacky [ ??????] adj.发粘的adhesive tape 粘合带 duct tape 管道胶带 transparent tape 透明胶带

double-coated pressure-sensitive tape 双面压敏胶带 milling machine 铣床、研磨机 surface grinder 表面磨床 curing [ ???????? ] n.固化

anaerobic [ ??????????????] adj.厌氧性的 hot-melt adhesive 热熔胶

loss-of solvent adhesive 溶剂挥发型粘合剂 anaerobic adhesive 厌氧粘合剂 two-part mix adhesive 双组分粘合剂 fastener [ ??????? ] n.扣件 bolt [ ????? ] n. 螺钉 rivet [ ?????? ] n.铆钉pin [ ??? ] n.销钉

weld [ ???? ] n.焊接, 焊缝 braze [ ?????

] v.铜焊 solder [ ??????????????? ] n.焊料; v.焊接 nail [ ???? ] n.钉, 钉子v.钉, 将...钉牢 spring [ ????? ] n.弹簧 dampen [ ??????? ] v.衰减

flooring [ ???????? ] n.室内地面、铺室内地面的材料 joist [ ?????? ] n.托梁 drywall panel 护墙板 stud [ ????

] n.墙筋、壁骨 aerodynamic [ ??????????????? ] adj.空气动力学的 fatigue resistance 抗疲劳性

adhesive-joining technology 胶接技术 compatibility [ ??????????????? ] n. 相容性 compatible [ ?????????? ] adj.相容的 hardboard [???????????

] 硬质纤维板 asbestos [?????????] n.石棉 asbestos board 石

棉板 controlled release 缓释、控制释放 human tissue 人体组织

cartilage regeneration 软骨再生 water-soluble polymer 水溶性

聚合物 motor oil 马达油

shape-memory polymer 形状记忆聚合物 smart material 智能材

料 bioelastic n. 生物弹性体 elastin [????????] n.弹性蛋白pneumatic [ ?? ] adj.气动的 ??????????nontoxic [ ? ] adj.无毒

的 ??????????nontoxicity [? ] n.非毒性 ??????????????

biocompatible [?] adj. 生物相容的 ???????????????

municipal solid waste (msw) 城市固体废物 disposable item 一

次性用品 locality [ ? ] n.地方 ?????????methane [ ?] n.甲

烷 ???????

biocompatibility [ ????????????????????? ] n. 生物降解性）sensor [ ??????

]n.传感器 transducer [ ???????????? ] n.(能量)转换器 poly(p-phenylene) 对聚苯 polypyrrole 聚吡咯

hardener [ ?????????

]n.硬化剂 lcd abbr.液晶显示器 liquid crystal display polyacetylene [ ??????????????? ] n.聚乙炔 electrode [??????????] n.电极 covalent bonding 共价键合