英语阅读理解(人物故事)练习题及答案及解析

英语阅读理解(人物故事)练习题及答案及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解人物故事类

1．阅读理解

Jon Hoffman was sitting at a red light when he saw a man run out of a store carrying a plastic donation jar full of cash. The Plano, Texas, detective, dressed in plain clothes but wearing his badge (徽章) and gun, caught the man and pinned him to the hood of his car. But Hoffman had trouble containing the thief, and they got into a struggle.

"The detective has a martial arts background, and he said he thought the suspect must have a martial arts background, too, because he was able to break away so easily," a Plano police spokesperson said.

The detective called out for help as a crowd gathered. Among those watching: Andre Harvey and Kirby Sample, two day laborers. Harvey did what has become common these days—he took out his phone and hit record. "I hate to say it, but I thought that this policeman was doing something illegal," Harvey said. "But when he asked for help, I thought, well, there won't be a shooting if I get over there in time.” Harvey jumpe d into action—while he was still recording the video—as did Sample.

"Harvey caught hold of the suspect's arms, while Kirby seized his legs, and they were able to get the suspect to the ground to help Detective Hoffman put the handcuffs (手铐) on," said the police spokesperson. The 27-year-old suspect was charged with resisting arrest and other offenses. The charity jar he stole held less than $ 50.

"I've been on the wrong side of the law several times in my life," Harvey told WFAA. "It feels good to be on the right side and do something positive."

After the arrest, the three men got to know each other over steaks and ribs at a local steak house—Hoffman's treat, as a thank-you. But the rescuers say Hoffman deserves credit too. "It could have turned real ugly." Sample told the media "He handled himself like a real professional."（1）What made Hoffman call for help when arresting the suspect?

A. He was not on duty.

B. He needed witnesses to support him.

C. He wanted to push the thief into the car.

D. He couldn't control the suspect.

（2）Why did Harvey and Kirby record the scene at the beginning?

A. To follow the fashion.

B. To keep track of the criminal.

C. To record the detective's violence.

D. To avoid being involved in the incident.

（3）What can be inferred about Harvey?

A. He was ready to violate the law.

B. He might have had some illegal behaviour.

C. He was out of work at that time.

D. He had a good martial arts background.

（4）What is Harvey and Sample's attitude towards Hoffman?

A. Appreciative.

B. Prejudiced.

C. Skeptical.

D. Cautious.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，侦探Jon Hoffman在捉偷善款的小偷时遇到困难寻求帮助，Andre Harvey和 Kirby Sample帮助了他。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But Hoffman had trouble containing the thief, and they got into a struggle.”可知，Hoffman控制住那个嫌疑人有困难，并且他们扭打在一起。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“he took out his phone and hit record. “I hate to say it, but I thought that this policeman was doing something illegal”可知，他们记录场景是想记录警察做了一些不合法的事。及“But when he asked for help, I thought, well, there won't be a shooting if I get over there in time.”此句是说“如果我能及时赶到那里，就不会有枪击事件了”。由这两句可知，即他们记录了警察的暴力。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“I've been on the wrong side of the law several times in my life”可知，Harvey曾经违反过法律。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段Harvey所言“I've been on the wrong side of the law several times in my life,” Harvey told WFAA.“ It feels good to be on the right side and do something positive最后一段“But the rescuers say Hoffman deserves credit too，”尤其是最后Sample told the media “He handled himself like a real professional”可知，这两个人认为Hoffman很专业，很欣赏他。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

For most of her life, Suanne Laqueur's passion for storytelling was shown on the dance floor.

Although Laqueur began writing at a young age, dancing always took center stage. She majored in dance and theater at Alfred University and taught at her mother's dance studio in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, for years. But when her mother was ready to retire and an opportunity opened for Laqueur to take over the studio, she realized she had no interest in taking on the business side of her art: "Owning a studio is a lot of work—financially, logistically. I love the teaching, the choreographing(编舞), the staging, but I didn't want to own it."

Yet Laqueur's disinterest in running the studio changed when she became a self-published author. In the fall of 2013, she decided to pursue Self-publishing as a way of sharing her first completed novel with friends and family. During the process, she realized that following her true passion—telling stories through writing—made the business of the art worthwhile, and owning that business meant she could direct her writing career however she chose.

Starting with her second self-published novel, she began investing more time in marketing and building her audience. Her investment paid off. Since 2014, Laqueur, now 49, has self-published six novels, which collectively have hundreds of ratings and reviews on Goodreads. Her 2016 novel An Exaltation of Larks stole the show at the 25th Annual Writer's Digest Self-Published Book Awards, topping more than 2,300 entries to win the grand prize.

"You have to write the most truthful story to you, and I think self-publishing allows that freedom,' she says. "If you work with traditional publishing, it's more about what's marketable,

There are trade-offs, which everyone will tell you, but by self-publishing I have control of the book, I have control of the story, and I'm cool with that."

（1）From Paragraph 2, we can learn that Laqueur _______.

A. was a part-time writer when she was young

B. didn't like teaching dancing in fact

C. wanted to own a publishing house

D. was interested in running her mother's studio

（2）What made Laqueur change her attitude to business?

A. Her mother's persuasion.

B. The desire to make money.

C. Self-publishing her novels.

D. Her own passion toward art.

（3）Which of the following can best replace the phrase "stole the show" in Paragraph 4?

A. became a failure.

B. was shown to people.

C. got all the attention.

D. was accidentally stolen.

（4）What can be inferred from what Laqueur's said?

A. Self-publishing will replace traditional publishing.

B. She will never use traditional publishing.

C. Traditional publishing only focuses on the market.

D. She enjoys the way of self-publishing.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，苏安妮·拉克尔大半生教舞蹈，设计舞蹈，在舞台表演，以舞蹈的形式讲述故事。后来，成为一名自主出版的作家，自费出版了自己的小说。2016年，她的小说《云雀的狂欢》在第25届《作家文摘》(Writer 's Digest)自出版图书奖上大出风头。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Although Laqueur began writing at a young age, dancing always took center stage. She majored in dance and theater at Alfred University and taught at her mother's dance studio in Croton-on-Hudson,”可知，跳舞始终是Laqueur的中心。她在阿尔弗雷德大学主修舞蹈和戏剧，并在她母亲的舞蹈工作室任教多年。可知，Laqueur是一个兼职作家。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Yet Laqueur's disinterest in running the studio changed when she became a self-published author. In the fall of 2013, she decided to pursue Self-publishing as a way of sha ring her first completed novel with friends and family.”可知，当她成为一名自主出版的作家，想出版自己的小说时，改变了她对商业的态度。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Her 2016 novel An Exaltation of Larks stole the show at the 25th Annual Writer's Digest Self-Published Book Awards, topping more than 2,300 entries to win the grand prize.”可知“第25届年度作家文摘出版图书颁奖上，2300多篇作品获得了大奖”。可知，这是大出风头，吸引了所有人的关注，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段Laqueur所言“There are trade-offs, which everyone will

tell you, but by self-publishing I have control of the book, I have control of the story, and I'm cool with that.”可知，她认为自主出版的方式让她能出版自己的书，自己要写的故事。她对此很满意。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. In 1888 an Egyptian farmer digging in the sand near the village of Istabl Antar uncovered a mass grave. The bodies weren't human. They were feline —ancient cats that had been mummified(木乃伊化的) and buried in holes in astonishing numbers. "Not one or two here and there", reported English Illustrated Magazine, "but dozens, hundreds, hundreds of thousands, a layer of them, a layer thicker than most coal joints, ten to twenty cats deep. " Some of the linen-wrapped cats still looked presentable, and a few even had golden faces. Village children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer. One ship transported about 180,000, weighing some 38, 000 pounds, to Liverpool to be spread on the fields of England.

Those were the days of generously funded explorations—that dragged through acres of desert in their quest for royal tombs, and for splendid gold and painted masks to decorate the estates and museums of Europe and America. The many thousands of mummified animals that turned up at religious sites throughout Egypt were just things to be cleared away to get at the good stuff. Few people studied them, and their importance was generally unrecognized.

In the century since then, archaeology has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science. Archaeologists now realize that much of their sites' wealth lies in the majority of details about ordinary folks—what they did, what they thought, how they prayed. And animal mummies are a big part of that.

"They're really displays of daily life," says Egyptologist Salima Ikram. After peering beneath bandages with x-rays and cataloguing her findings, she created a gallery for the collection — a bridge between people today and those of long ago. "You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us."

（1）Which of the following words has the closest meaning to "peddled"(paragraph 1)? A. modernized B. displayed C. illustrated D. demonstrated

（2）Why was archaeology once referred to as a "treasure hunt "(paragraph 3)?

A. In the royal tombs, there were many treasures made of silver and gold.

B. Animal mummies could be made into fertilizer which is very valuable.

C. It was hard to find animal mummies since they were buried under dirt.

D. People sought the remains of ancient Egypt merely for their material value.

（3）Which of the following is TRUE about Salima Ikram?

A. She wishes to establish the continuity of pets over history.

B. She believes that studying the remains can help modern society relate to the past.

C. She wants to identify the King's personal belongings and classify them.

D. She doubts if current society will understand the significance of Egyptian remains.

（4）This article probably encourages the readers to _____________.

A. value the past by studying the remains left behind by our ancestors

B. make full use of the remains our ancestors have left behind

C. understand that animal mummies are more important than gold and masks

D. become more sensitive to the ancient lifestyle of our ancestors

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，自从1888年在埃及发现了猫动物的木乃伊之后，大量的皇家墓穴被挖掘，成千上万的木乃伊被运往世界各地，以攫取物质利益。后来考古学家不再只是寻宝，而是把它作为一门科学研究。因为木乃伊展示了古埃及人的日常生活。正如古物学家萨利玛·伊克拉姆所说，木乃伊的研究是现代社会和过去的联系的桥梁。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中"Village children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer."可知，peddled后的"to tourists for change"即"把最好的给游客来换取零钱"，可知，此处的peddled是"兜售"给游客以换取零钱，可知peddle就是向他人炫耀从而售出，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。第二段叙述了"最初考古是为了寻找皇家陵墓，寻找华丽的黄金和彩绘面具来装饰欧洲和美洲的地产和博物馆。成千上万的来自古埃及的动物木乃伊出现在埃及各地的宗教场所，但很少有人研究它们"。可知，考古就是寻宝，为了物质上的价值。以及第三段中的“ In the century since then, archaeology has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science.”从那以后的一个世纪里，考古学已不再是寻宝，而是一门科学，可知，他们寻找古埃及的遗迹仅仅是为了他们的物质价值。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“she created a gallery for the collection —a bridge between people today and those of long ago.”可知，Salima Ikram把她的发现进行分类之后，她为这些收藏品创建了一个画廊——一座连接今天的人和很久以前的人的桥梁。以及她的话"You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us." "你看着这些动物木乃伊，突然你说，哦，国王某某养了一只宠物。我有一只宠物。古埃及人与我们之间的距离不再是5000多年前的事了，而是变得更加清晰，离我们更近了。"由此可推断出她认为研究这些遗迹有助于把现代社会与过去联系起来。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。本文主要叙述了古代埃及的木乃伊展示了古代埃及人的日常生活，是了解它们的途径，有助于在现代社会与过去的之间建立一座桥梁。通过研究它们可以让我们正确的评估过去。分析选项可知A符合题意，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

"Make way, good people, make way, in the King's name! "cried he. "Open a text; and, I promise you, Mistress Prynne shall be set where man, woman, and child, may have a fair sight of her brave clothing, from this time till an hour past noon. A blessing on the moral Colony of the Massachusetts, where immorality is dragged out into the sunshine! Come along, Madam Hester, and show your scarlet （鲜红色的；罪孽深重的）letter in the market-place!

A lane was at once opened through the crowd. Led by the beadle （狱吏），and attended by an irregular procession of serious-looking men and unkind-looking women, Hester Prynne set forth towards the place appointed for her punishment. A crowd of eager and curious schoolboys, understanding little of the matter in hand, except that it gave them a half-holiday, ran before her progress, turning their heads continually to stare into her face, and at the winking baby in her arms, and at the shameful letter on her breast.

It was no great distance, in those days, from the prison-door to the market-place. Measured by the prisoner's experience, however, it might be considered to be a rather long journey; for, though her manner was proud, she perhaps underwent an extreme pain from every footstep of those who thronged to see her, as if her heart had been thrown into the street for them all to step upon. In our nature, however, there is a condition that the sufferer should never know the intensity of what he endures by its present suffering, but chiefly by the pain that rankles （使痛心）after it. With almost a calm manner, therefore, Hester Prynne passed through this portion of her suffering, and came to a sort of scaffold （刑台），at the western end of the market-place. It stood nearly beneath the eaves of Boston's earliest church, and appeared to be a fixture there.（1）What can we know about the schoolboys?

A. They knew a little of the matter.

B. They were full of curiosity and eagerness.

C. They were happy for having a one-day holiday.

D. They like Hester Prynne and her baby very much.

（2）What does the underlined word "thronged" in paragraph 3 mean?

A. Gathered.

B. Happened.

C. Pretended.

D. Regretted.

（3）What can we know from paragraph 3?

A. The prison was really far from the market-place.

B. The scaffold is at the eastern end of the market-place.

C. Hester Prynne was thrown into the street for people to step on.

D. The sufferer mainly knows the intensity of the pain after the suffering.

（4）What would probably happen to Hester Prynne according to the text?

A. She would be set free.

B. She would give a public speech.

C. She would put on a performance.

D. She would receive serious punishment.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，摘自名著《红字》，描述了Hester Prynne被当做异

教徒押赴刑场时的情节片段。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“A crowd of eager and curious schoolboys, …ran before her progress, turning their heads continually to ….”可知，人们充满了好奇并且急不可待。故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“though her manner was proud, she perhaps underwent an extreme pain from every footstep of those who thronged to see her, as if her heart had been thrown into the street for them all to step upon.描述了她在众目睽睽之下的内心感受，每迈出一步都感受到一阵巨痛，似乎她的心给抛在街上，任凭他”人吐唾沫和踩踏。因此可知此时，人群在大街上聚集，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In our nature, however, there is a condition that the sufferer should never know the intensity of what he endures by its present suffering, but chiefly by the pain that rankles (使痛心)after it.”可知，人们对痛苦的感知往往后知后觉，故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ therefore, Hester Prynne passed through this portion of her suffering, and came to a sort of scaffold （刑台），at the western end of the market-place”因此，海丝特·白兰度过了这一段痛苦，来到市场西端的一个刑台前，可推知选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

She was known to millions as the "Queen of Crime" or the "Duchess (女公爵)of Death". But surprisingly, she hated violence and blood, and knew nothing about the weapons most often used in murder. "I don't think I dare look at a really horrible and damaged body," Agatha Christie once said.

But her pen dared to travel where her eyes would not. In her 50-year writing profession, Christie's murder stories made her the world's best-known mystery (神秘)writer. Only the Bible and Shakespeare's works have sold more copies than her.

Her novels have been turned into films and TV scenes. This month, British TV announced they will remake eight Christie films. Her work has continuing appeal for viewers," said director Laura Mackie. "There is always a desire for a really good detective novel."

Born in 1890 in England, Christie was educated at home and began her writing career while working as a nurse during World War I. She went on to produce 79 novels and lots of short stories, dying at the age of 86. With her knowledge of murder, Christie could have been a teacher at police academies.

Her first novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, introduced Hercule Poirot, a retired Belgian police officer who starred in 30 of her works. Among the most popular are Murder on the Orient Express(1934) and Death on the Nile (1937).

Poirot is a tidy little man with a funny-looking moustache, an egg-shaped head and a high opinion of himself. He draws conclusions from observing the behaviour of those around him,

always managing to spot patterns that others cannot see. Poirot has become so famous that someone has even written his biography, The Life and Times of Hercule Poirot.

（1）What kind of works did Agatha Christie write?

A. Love stories.

B. Documentary books.

C. Adventure stories.

D. Murder stories.（2）We can infer from the text that Christie .

A. joined the Army in World War I

B. has been a teacher at a police academy

C. is the third best-selling writer in the world

D. has had all her novels turned into films

（3）From Mackie's view, why do Christie's novels have continuous appeal for viewers?

A. Because she is well-known to the whole world.

B. Because she has a good knowledge of weapons.

C. Because people have a desire to learn about murders happening.

D. Because people are longing to read really good detective novels.

（4）What is Hercule Poirot?

A. He is Christie's co-worker.

B. He is the hero in many of Christie's works.

C. He is a real police officer.

D. He is the writer who wrote a biography of Christie.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍以写谋杀故事而成为世界著名推理小说家的Agatha Christie 以及她的作品。

（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中In her 50-year writing profession, Christie's murder stories made her the world's best-known mystery (神秘)writer.(在克里斯蒂50年的写作生涯中，她的谋杀故事使她成为世界上最著名的神秘作家。)可知，Agatha Christie写谋杀故事。故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段中In her 50-year writing profession, Christie's murder stories made her the world's best-known mystery (神秘)writer. Only the Bible and Shakespeare's works have sold more copies than her.（在她50年的写作生涯中，克里斯蒂的谋杀故事使她成为世界上最著名的神秘作家。只有《圣经》和莎士比亚的作品比她卖得多。）可知，克里斯蒂是世界第三畅销作家。故选C。（3）推理判断题。根据第三段中"Her work has continuing appeal for viewers," said director Laura Mackie. "There is always a desire for a really good detective novel."可知，Laura Mackie认为她的作品对观众有着持续的吸引力，人们总是渴望一本真正好的侦探小说。因此在Mackie看来，克里斯蒂的小说之所以会对观众产生持续的吸引力是因为人们渴望读真正好的侦探小说。故选D。

（4）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Her first novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, introduced Hercule Poirot, a retired Belgian police officer who starred in 30 of her works.可知，Hercule Poirot是克里斯蒂30部作品中的男主角。故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。介绍人物类阅读理解要专注人物的生平和成就，抓住文章细节，而且要理解全文，把握文章主旨。结合上下文合理概括，做有依据的推理。

6．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

In 2011, Nancy Ballard went for a routine checkup that turned into something extraordinary. In fact, she was carrying a painting of a plant she'd done when she arrived at her doctor's San Francisco office. "It would be great if we had artwork like that for our chemotherapy (化疗) rooms," the nurse said. Ballard asked to see one.

She was shocked by what she found. The walls were dull and bare, and the paint was chipping (剥落). It was a depressing room for a depressing routine—patients restricted to chemo drips for perhaps several hours, often with nothing to look at other than those sad walls. Ballard didn't have cancer herself, but she could sympathize with the patients. "I couldn't imagine how anyone could even think about getting healthy in a room like that," she says. As it happens, Ballard's physician, Stephen Hufford, was ill with cancer himself, so finding time to decorate the rooms was low on his to-do list. So Ballard made it her mission to brighten up the place.

She started by e-mailing 20 local designers. "I wrote, 'You don't know me. But my heart hurts after seeing these rooms," she remembers. She then asked whether they would donate their time and money to transform just one of Dr. Hufford's rooms each.

As it happened, six of them wrote back almost immediately. Six rooms got new paint, light fixtures, artwork, and furniture. Dr. Hufford was delighted. "All the patients feel relieved of the pain because of it," he said. He even noted that his own tone of voice was different in the rooms and that he was better able to connect with his patients.

Ballard was so encouraged by the patients' reactions that she created a nonprofit, Rooms That Rock 4 Chemo, to raise money and decorate more spaces. Since then, she has worked on 20 projects, including one in Pennsylvania. "We were in Philadelphia for a ribbon cutting, and a woman was there on her third battle with cancer," says Ballard. "When she saw what we'd done, she said, 'I'm gonna beat it this time. I thought I wasn't going to, but now I know I'm gonna beat it".

（1）What made Ballard decide to help decorate the chemotherapy rooms?

A. Her sympathy for cancer patients.

B. Her passion for room decoration.

C. The good relationship with Hufford.

D. The request of a nurse in San Francisco.

（2）What outcome does Ballard's effort bring about?

A. More hospitals will be built,

B. Hufford cured more patients.

C. The cancer patients were feeling better.

D. Hufford's chemotherapy rooms got good fame.

（3）Which words best describe Nancy Ballard?

A. Loving and devoted.

B. Talented and energetic.

C. Rich and generous.

D. Ambitious and creative.

（4）Which can be a suitable title for the passage?

A. Design for Hope

B. Battle against Cancer

C. Donation for Patients

D. Decoration in Hospital

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，Nancy Ballard出于对癌症病人的同情，决定帮忙装饰化疗室。Ballard的努力，使得癌症患者重新对生活充满了希望。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Ballard didn't have cancer herself, but she could sympathize with the patients.”Ballard本人并没有患癌症，但她同情病人。由此可知，Ballard 对癌症病人的同情，使她决定帮忙装饰化疗室，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"‘All the patients feel relieved of the pain because of it,’ he said.”他说：“所有的病人都因此感到疼痛减轻了。”由此可知，Ballard的努力使得癌症患者感觉好多了，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ballard was so encouraged by the patients' reactions that she created a nonprofit, Rooms That Rock 4 Chemo, to raise money and decorate more spaces.”病人的反应让巴拉德深受鼓舞，她创建了一个非营利组织"Rooms that Rock Chemo"来筹集资金，并装饰更多的空间。由此推断出，Nancy Ballard是一个有爱心，有奉献精神的人，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文介绍了Nancy Ballard出于对癌症病人的同情，决定帮忙装饰化疗室。Ballard的努力，使得癌症患者重新对生活充满了希望。所以这篇文章最好的题目是“为希望而设计”，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Every person plans to run off to some tropical isle, but few do. Real life, family, work, and monetary limitations get in the way. Ian Fleming let none of these considerations stop him.

After the war, Fleming set down his schedule. The first week of January saw him leave England and travel to Jamaica. The first week of March saw his return. He accepted his job at Kemsley newspapers without compromise—this portion of the year would be set aside for Jamaica or he would look elsewhere for employment.

For 6 years Fleming traveled each winter to Jamaica, lounging in paradise, romancing women, chasing the sunset, but it was not until he faced the pressure of a married woman who was pregnant with his child did Fleming start the writer's journey which would change his life and popular culture forever. As Fleming waited in Jamaica for Anne's divorce to become final, he wrote the first draft of a novel, Casino Royale.

Fleming's career as a writer deserves more examination than can be offered here, but suffice it to say, over the next 12 years, Ian Fleming transformed his elite existence, his arrogance, his style, and his acid wit into some of the greatest thrillers ever written. Fleming incurred the respect of authors as diverse as Raymond Chandler, Kingsley Amis, and Edith Sitwell. His fans included John, Jackie, and Bobby Kennedy, and his social circle included Prime Minister Anthony Eden, Evelyn Waugh, and Somerset Maugham.

Fleming filled out the 12 years of Bond with great adventure journalism. Even in stories which had little action or pay off, such as his short non-fiction book, The Diamond Smugglers, the "Fleming-flair" ensured exciting reading. He wrote the "Atticus" column for the Sunday Times, proving a wonderful conduit for inside intelligence information, and clever rebukes (指责).

Regardless of book sales or family obligations, Fleming managed to live the life he wanted. As the years passed, his passion for golfing increased so he took more time with it. Fleming's long-term fascination with America grew, so he traveled there more often.

Ian Fleming's full life caught up with him through his heart. It may be that years of drinking and smoking took their toll, or that the butter-rich cooking Fleming loved was the culprit. Or maybe it was just genetics. Whatever the cause, Fleming's health declined in the late 1950s. This plus anxieties in the marriage increased Fleming's depression. With the success of Bond, the world came knocking at Fleming's door, and he had a harder time shutting those out that he did not want in his life.

Nonetheless, Fleming fought the loosing battle of his weakening heart by throwing more fuel on the fire. He continued to drink and smoke, making some excuses but not many. He wrote books he wanted to read, and traveled the world with style and authority. By this time, Fleming had already earned his own fortune, created his own identity, and ruled his own literary empire.（1）According to the second paragraph, Fleming accepted the job offered by Kemsley newspaper ________.

A. and had to give up his yearly holiday plan to Jamaica

B. because he was offered to work in Jamaica every winter

C. so that he wouldn't have to look for employment elsewhere

D. on condition that he took two months off to Jamaica every year

（2）What led Fleming follow the path of writing?

A. His dream to be a writer.

B. The pressure from a woman.

C. His potential for literature.

D. His state of health.

（3）When he began writing, Fleming never expected that ________.

A. he would change popular culture

B. he could get over the pressure

C. Anne would have a divorce

D. Anne would keep his child

（4）Fleming's thrillers reflected his ________.

A. sense for popular culture

B. relationship with Anne

C. own personalities

D. life at Jamaica

（5）The fact that "Fleming filled out the 12 years of Bond with great adventure journalism" shows that ________.

A. Fleming took up journalism when he finished Bond's adventures

B. Fleming put Bond through many thrilling adventures

C. Fleming described Bond as an adventurous journalist

D. Fleming experienced Bond's adventures when he was a journalist

（6）According to the passage, Fleming died of ________.

A. an unidentified reason

B. a disease of the heart

C. an unknown family disease

D. over drinking and smoking

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

（5）B

（6）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，讲述了Fleming是如何走向写作之路的、他的写作特点及他的影响等。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段"After the war, Fleming set down his schedule. The first week of January saw him leave England and travel to Jamaica. The first week of March saw his return.He accepted his job at Kemsley newspapers without compromise—this portion of the year would be set aside for Jamaica or he would look elsewhere for employment."及第三段中的"For 6 years Fleming traveled each winter to Jamaica, lounging in paradise, romancing women, chasing the sunset"。可知，他接受了在肯斯利报业的工作也没有妥协——一年中的有两个月将到牙买加（度假），或者他会去其他地方找工作，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"but it was not until he faced the pressure of a married woman who was pregnant with his child did Fleming start the writer's journey"可知，Fleming走向写作之路来一类自一位怀孕的妇女的压力，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的" but it was not until he faced the pressure of a married woman who was pregnant with his child did Fleming start the writer's journey which would change his life and popular culture forever."中的末尾的定语从句中的时态would表明定语从句中的内容是发生在Fleming开始写作之后，而且他自己从未想过自己的会改变他的一生和流行文化。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Fleming's career as a writer deserves more examination than can be offered here, but suffice it to say, over the next 12 years, Ian Fleming transformed his elite existence, his arrogance, his style, and his acid wit into some of the greatest thrillers ever written." 弗莱明的写作生涯值得更多的审视，但在接下来的12年里，伊恩·弗莱明把他的精英生活、他的傲慢、他的风格和他尖刻的机智转变成了一些有史以来最伟大的惊悚小说。根据句中的"elite existence, arrogance, style, and acid"等词都是与个性特点有关，表明了Fleming在他的小说中融进了自己独特的个性特点，故选C。

（5）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"Fleming filled out the 12 years of Bond with great adventure journalism. Even in stories which had little action or pay off, such as his short non-fiction book, The Diamond Smugglers, the "Fleming-flair" ensured exciting reading."可知，Fleming 用adventure journalism（新闻式的历险故事）“充满”了关于Bond的故事。Bond是

他所写的故事的主角，即Fleming在小说中让这个主角经历了各种各样的“历险”，由此可知，B项符合题意。原文中"journalism"并非与新闻界有关，只是用于描述Fleming的故事的特点，因此其他三项是对journalism的误解。故选B。

（6）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的"Fleming's full life caught up with him through his hear"和最后一段中的"Nonetheless, Fleming fought the losing battle of his weakening heart by throwing more fuel on the fir"都提到了heart一词，而最后一段中的"losing battle of his weakening heart"明确了Fleming无法战胜他的心脏病，并最终输掉了与心脏病的“战斗”。由此可知，Fleming是死于心脏病的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Fabien Cousteau was born with deep love for the ocean. His grandfather and his father were ocean explorers and documentary filmmakers. Fabien spent his early years on his grandfather's ships. Today Fabien follows in his family's footsteps to protect the planet's endangered ocean life. With his vast knowledge and experience, he tries to strike a balance between environmental problems and market economies.

Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. During 2000-2002, he created a TV special called Attack of the Mystery Shark based on the shark attacks that occurred along the New Jersey shoreline in the summer of 1916. Then in 2003-2006, with the help of a large crew, Fabien created a shark submarine (潜艇) that enabled him to put himself inside the shark world, providing people with a rare view of the mysterious and often misunderstood creatures.

For the next four years (2006-2010), Fabien was part of a series called, Ocean Adventures, which offered a rare look into some of the most fantastic ocean species (物种) and environments. In 2010, Fabien started Plant A Fish, a nonprofit project for children to help restore local water ecosystems by replanting key ocean species. Save the world, one fish at a time. The project is still in progress now and its final goal is to plant 1 billion "fish" worldwide.

From June 1 to July 2, 2014, Fabien and his team spent 31 days underwater to research how climate change and pollution are affecting the oceans. Fabien's Mission 31 broke new ground by going deeper, longer and further, exposing (显露) the world to the adventure and the mystique (神秘) of what lies beneath.

Fabien is currently working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as building an Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity to learn about oceans and engage with ocean explorers directly through social media.

（1）What is Not Fabien's job?

A. Ocean explorer

B. Documentary filmmaker

C. Environmentalist

D. Media manager （2）How is Paragraph 2 developed?

A. By providing facts.

B. By offering analyses.

C. By making comparisons.

D. By drawing conclusions.

（3）We can learn from the text that ________.

A. Fabien's "Plant A Fish" project has already achieved its final goal

B. Fabien's Mission 31 broke the records of former ocean explorations

C. Fabien's TV special about sharks is based on his childhood experiences

D. It took Fabien four years to produce Ocean Adventures all on his own

（4）In which part of a website can we read the text?

A. Modern Technology.

B. Space Exploration.

C. Outstanding Figures.

D. Fantastic Wildlife.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了Fabien Cousteau研究鲨鱼而出名，他要保护海洋濒临灭绝的动物，在海洋里进行探险研究。他和他的团队打破了以前的海洋探险的记录，并拍摄了海洋生物记录片的事情。

（1）考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Fabien is currently working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as building an Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity to learn about oceans and engage with ocean explorers directly through social media.”可知，Fabien是一个Ocean explorer海洋探险家、Documentary filmmaker纪录片的导演；再根据第一段中的“With his vast knowledge and experience, he tries to strike a balance between environmental problems and market economies.”可知，他是一个Environmentalist环境保护者。没有提到他是媒体策划经理，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. During 2000-2002…, Then in 2003-2006,…”可知。用例举事实法叙述他研究的情况。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Fabien's Mission 31 broke new ground by going deeper, longer and further, exposing (显露) the world to the adventure and the mystique (神秘) of what lies beneath. ”Fabien's Mission 31开辟了一条新路，他走得更深、更久、更远，把海底的冒险和神秘显示给了世人。也就是说Fabien's Mission 31打破了以前海洋探险的记录。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据整篇短文围绕Fabien在海洋的探险、保护海洋、拍摄纪录片等方面的贡献，属于人物类短文。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Although the idea of "zero emission net carbon-positive, sustainable (可持续)" development was promoted worldwide, most cities are at a loss what to do or even some have objected to it.

But in Liuzhou, a city in southern China, attitudes could not be more different.

The Liuzhou Municipality Urban Planning Bureau has signed up Italian architect Stefano Boeri, the father of the forest city movement, to build a self-contained community for up to 30, 000 people. He is the go-to man for such projects thanks to the success of his "vertical forests", two residential (住宅的) towers. Completed in 2014, they remove up to 17.5 tons of soot (煤烟) from the air each year, and a year later one of them was named Best Tall Building Worldwide.

The Liuzhou project is a much more ambitious undertaking, however. Its homes, hospitals, hotels, schools and offices will be built on a 340-acre site in what Boeri calls the first attempt to create an "urban environment that is really trying to find a balance with nature". Its 100 species of plant life are expected to absorb almost 10, 000 tons of carbon dioxide and 57 tons of pollutants per year, while at the same time producing 900 tons of life-giving oxygen.

Although the architects haven't published the cost of the forest city, the Milan towers cost only five percent more than traditional skyscrapers.

The construction of his forest city at Liuzhou is set to begin in 2020, and there is still a great deal of planning and research required before a projected completion date can be set. However, Boeri remains optimistic about the project and has confidence in the soundness of his vision: "I really think that bringing forests into the city is a way to deal with global warming."

（1）What's Liuzhou's attitude towards the sustainable development?

A. Approving

B. Cautious

C. Unfavorable

D. Doubtful

（2）Why is Stefano employed for the Liu Zhou project?

A. He volunteered to do the project.

B. He is a famous architect in the world.

C. He is the father of the forest recovery.

D. He has gained experience in similar projects.

（3）What does the underlined word "they" refer to?

A. The architects.

B. The two towers.

C. Forests in the city.

D. The residents of the city.（4）What's the purpose of Liu Zhou project?

A. To provide more jobs.

B. To bring forest into city.

C. To solve house shortage.

D. To improve the environment.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国南方城市柳州为改善环境，实现可持续发展，将建立一座森林城市。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Although the idea of 'Zero emission, net carbon-positive, sustainable (可持续‘development was promoted worldwide, most cities are at a loss what to do or even some have objected to it. But in Liuzhou, a city in southern China, attitudes could not be more different.“可知，大多数城市反对，而柳州的态度却截然不同。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“He is the go-to man for such projects thanks to the success of his‘vertical forests’, two residential (住宅的) towers.”可知，由于他的“垂直森林”——两座住宅楼的成功，他是此类项目的关键人物。从而推断出，他在类似的项目中积累了经验。故选D。

（3）考查代词指代。根据第二段中的“He is the go-to man for such projects thanks to the success of his ‘vertical forests’, two residential (住宅的) towers.”可知，they指代前句中的two residential (住宅的) towers。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Its homes, hospitals, hotels, schools and offices wil l be built on a 340-acre site in what Boeri calls the first attempt to create an "urban environment that is really trying to find a balance with nature". Its 100 species of plant life are expected to absorb almost 10,000 tons of carbon dioxide and 57 tons of pollutants per year, while at the same time producing 900 tons of life-giving oxygen.”和最后一段中的“However, Boeri remains optimistic about the project and has confidence in the soundness of his vision: ‘I really think that bringing forests into the city is a way to deal with global warming.’"可知，柳州建造森林城市可以减少污染，从而推断出，其项目的目的是改善环境。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

When Randy Heiss went hiking behind his Patagonia, Ariz. farm, the last thing he expected to find was a Christmas list from a little girl across the US-Mexico border. "I found this balloon on my morning walk near Patagonia on Sunday. Attached to it was a piece of paper with the Christmas wishes from a little girl," Heiss wrote on his Facebook page.

When he brought the list home to his wife, who speaks fluent Spanish, they determined that the little girl had asked for Enchantimals toys, clothes, art supplies and various other gifts. That's when Heiss set out to make the little girl's Christmas dreams come true. Heiss said he had attempted to send Christmas letters to Santa Claus via balloon when he was a kid but never received a response.

Heiss sent a Facebook message on Wednesday to XENY, a radio station in Nogales, to see if it could help him track down the girl or her family. He later received a response from the station, which had determined the author of the letter was an 8-year-old girl named Dayami, and the station wanted to set up a meeting between the two on Thursday. "It just changed my entire day," Heiss told the Washington Post. "Instead of going back to my office in Bisbee, I went with my wife to Walmart."

The couple bought almost everything on Dayami's list. They also brought a few gifts for Dayami's little sister, Ximena. They told the children they were " ayudantes de Santa," or Santa's helpers.

Heiss, 60, said the experience was very healing for him and his wife. Nine years ago, the couple's only son died. "Being around children at Christmas time has been absent in our lives," Heiss said. We now have friends for life. For a day, that border fence with its concertina wire

melted away.

（1）How did Dayami send out her Christmas wishes?

A. By calling Heiss.

B. By attaching them to a balloon.

C. By writing to a radio station.

D. By sending a Facebook message.

（2）When did Heiss know what the girl exactly wanted?

A. After the help of his wife.

B. When he found the balloon.

C. After their meeting in America.

D. When he got a response from the radio station.（3）What might make Heiss decide to fulfill the little girl's Christmas wishes?

A. His son's will.

B. The girls request for help.

C. His similar unsuccessful experience.

D. His desire to make friends with the girl.

（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. The couple got out of the pain completely.

B. The experience was a great relief to the couple.

C. The couple would help more children from Mexico.

D. There will be no border between countries one day.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Randy Heiss在亚利桑那州巴塔哥尼亚徒步旅行时。在农场，他意外收到了来自美墨边境的一个小女孩的圣诞礼物清单。女孩通过气球来发送圣诞愿望。在妻子的帮助下，他们开始帮助女孩实现愿望。这次经历对这对九年前失去了唯一的儿子的夫妻也说也是很大的安慰。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I found this balloon on my morning walk near Patagonia on Sunday. Attached to it was a piece of paper with the Christmas wishes from a little girl.”以及下文可知小女孩就是Dayami，她是通过把愿望绑在气球上发送圣诞愿望的。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“When he brought the list home to his wife, who speaks fluent Spanish, they determined that the little girl had asked for Enchantimals toys, clothes, art supplies a nd various other gifts.”可知当他把单子带回家给能说一口流利西班牙语的妻子时，他们断定小女孩想要的是魔法师的玩具、衣服、美术用品和其他各种各样的礼物。即他是通过妻子的帮助知道女孩到底想要什么的。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Heiss said he had attempted to send Christmas letters to Santa Claus via balloon when he was a kid but never received a resp onse.”可知当他还是个孩子的时候，他曾试图通过气球给圣诞老人寄圣诞信，但从未收到任何回复。可知他有和女孩相似的但不成功的经历，因此他决定帮助女孩实现愿望。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Heiss,60, said the experience was very healing for him and his wife.可知这段经历Heiss”对他和他的妻子来说是非常治愈的。因为他们九年前失去了唯一的儿子，因此这次经历对他们来说是一种很大的安慰。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考

生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。