2020年高考英语语法复习——定语从句
2020;2020年高考英语语法复习——定语从句
一、基本概念：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?
That is the house where he lived ten years ago.
注意：
（1）定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；
（2）定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。
（3）★引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose，as ★关系副词有：when, where, why.
二、关系词的用法：
（一）关系代词的用法：
关系代词引导的定语从句, 关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。
This is the detective who came from London.
The book which／that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.
The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
This is the room that／which Shakespeare was born in.
注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在
正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。
1．★作定语用whose =the+ n+ of of which
=of which the + n
(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.
(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注意：“介词 + whose +名词”引导定语从句。如：
I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard.
门是蓝色的那间房是我的。
2．★作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.
3、★as在定语从句中的用法::：as可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（1）. as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如，就像”之意。它在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。例
The elephant’s nose is like a snake， as anybody can see.
（2）as引导限制性定语从句多与such、so或the same连用，它可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.
I shall do it in the same way as you did.
（3）. as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句一般只能放在主句之后。例如：
As had been expected， the England team won the football match.
The earth runs around the sun， as is known to everyone.
注意：★the same…that与the same…as在意思上是不同的。例如：
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.
这个书包和我昨天丢的相似。（相似物）
This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.
这正是我昨天丢的那个书包。（同一物）
（二）关系副词的用法：
1．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?
注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：
Each time he came, he did his best to help us.
But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.
2．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city等，
This is the hotel where they are staying.
I forget the house where the Smiths lived.
3. why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：
That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.
1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：
when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
where = in (at, on…) + which;
why = for which. 如：
I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.
The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.
This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.
2．★当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注
意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where试比较：
I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.
I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.
His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.
His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.
3． when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。
4．★as 和which 引导定语从句的区别
有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导。如：
He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.
（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light.
As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.
（2）从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象… …那样”。
（3）as引导的非限制性定语从句表示积极的意义，与主句是顺理成章的关系，绝不能与之矛盾。若非限制性定语从句表示消极的意义，则只用which。如：
He has succeeded in his career, as / which we all hope. 他在事业中成功了，这正是我们大家所希
Her grandma died last week, which made her very sad. 她的奶奶逝世了，这使得她很悲伤。
(4) 当非限制性定语从句的引导词前面有介词时，只能用which, 而不可用 as。如：He has a new computer, for which he paid nearly ten thousand Yuan.
(5) 当关系代词代替主句中的宾语从句或复合结构(如：宾+补；不定式短语；动词-ing形式短语等) 时，一般只能用which, 而不用 as。如：
She told us that there was something wrong with her bike, which was true。He asked her to help him with his English, which she did.
(6) 关系代词仅代表主句中的谓语部分时，从句中谓语部分被省略而只保留情态动词的否定式或助动词否定式，引导词一般只用which, 而不用as。如：
He speaks English very fluently, which I can’t.
(7) 关系代词作定语修饰后面的名词时，一般只用which, 而不用as。如：
He suggested going swimming in the river, which idea we agreed with.
(8) 关系代词仅代表主句中单个的名词时，一般只用which, 而不用as。如：
He sent me a beautiful present, which I valued very much.
(9) as 在非限制性定语从句中，还常跟such连用。如：
There was a look of love in the teacher’s eyes, such as mothers have for their children. 老师眼里流露出对他喜爱的神情，就好像母亲对孩子的喜爱。
(10) as常用于一些固定结构中。如：
as is well known / as we all know 众所周知；
as is said above 正如上面所说；
as might be imagined 正像所想象的那样；
as is reported 如报道所说；
as has been pointed 如所指出的那样；
as is expected 正如所料。
5．在正式文体中，以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或 that 引导，如：
The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.
但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which或 that :
The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.
I don’t like the way (that) you laugh at her.
四．关系词的选择
1．在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用who 指人，which指物；关系代词做宾语，常用whom（口语中有时用who）指人，which指物，它们都不能用that代替。
2．关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：
Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?
Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?
The pencil (which/that) he was writing with suddenly broke.
3．★在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：
(1) 当先行词是all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。如： All that can be done has been done. (2) 当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。如：We heard clearly every word that he said.
(3) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：
The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.
When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.
(4) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容
词最高级同时修饰时，如：
That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.
This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.
(5) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。如：
This is the very book that I want to find.
(6) 当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：
The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.
She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.
(7) 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：
Which is the car that killed the boy?
4. 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用who(m)或that，二者常可互换。
但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that：
(1) 当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone,
everybody等词时。如：
Is there anyone who can answer this question?
He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp. 注：在非正式文体中可以说：You’re the one that knows where to go.)
(2) 当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词时。如：
He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet.
Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.
注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he that…。如：
He that promises too much means nothing.
(3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。如：
Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?
(4) 在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如：
A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.
There’s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see.
I was the only person in my office who was invited.
(5) 两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如：
She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.
5.★在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that: (1) 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：
Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?
Which of us that knows anything does not know this?
(2) 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如：
He is the greatest man that has ever lived.
(3) 当先行词被the only, the very, the last等词所修饰时。如：
She is the only person that understands me.
6. 当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。
如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。
This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。
7. 当先行词前有such, so, as时，关系词应当用as。如：
A wise man seldom talks about such t hings as he doesn’t understand.
He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.
At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.
It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.
Let’s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.
1、the only one of + n + 定语从句（用单数谓语动词）
one of + the +n+定语从句（用复数动词）
2、such…… as引导定语从句与such…… that 引导结果状语从句
This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand. This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.
3、当situation, condition,stage, point，scenes 做先行词时，用where 引导
定语从句
4 、when的先行词通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等时间名词
There are occasions when (=on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
5、where引导的定语从句与地点状语从句的区别
Please make a mark where you have any question.(从句： )
Please make a mark at the place where you have any question. (从句： ) 6、the way 做先行词时，关系词的选择应根据the way 在定语从句中所做的成分
来决定
I don’t like the way_______he is treated
The way___________you thought of to solve the problem is very useful Please find a way _________is the key to solving the problem
7、the reason做先行词时，关系词的选择应根据the reason在定语从句中所做的
成分来决定
The reason_____I was late was that I was caught in a traffic jam
I don’t believe the reason_________he gave for his being late
8、介词+which 引导的定语从句中介词的选择：
9.在下列情况下，一般只用of whom和of which。
(1) 定语从句的主语是few, little, some, most, many, much等时，一般只用of whom和of which。
In the room are lots of people, many of whom I don’t know.
He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read.
(2) 定语从句的主语是数词、形容词的最高级时，一般只用of whom和of which。如：
The old man has three children, two of whom are college students and one of whom is a manager. 那个老人有三个小孩，其中两个是大学生，另一个是经理。
(3) 定语从句的主语是all, none, both, neither, each等不定代词时，一般只用of whom和of which。如There are fifty students in our class, all of whom are working hard.
He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well. (4) 在定语从句中作表语的定语时，一般只用of whom和of which。如：
He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one.
There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one.
10、表示部分与整体of which/whom
在非限制性定语从句中，★表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用…of which/whom或者of which/whom…都可以。表示部分的可以是具体数目或百分数，也可以是few, several, some, half, many, much, most, all, none, either, neither, a quarter, a number, the larger, the smallest, the majority等。
Our school has 80 teachers, 50 of whom (=of whom 50) are women.
He has lots of books, most of which are English ones.
of which不能用whose代替，这与表示所属关系的of which不同：The room the door of which (=whose door) is blue belongs to me.
11、注意：先行词虽然是时间或地点，但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词。
(1)The factory where his father worked has closed. (作状语)
比较：The factory which/that was built in 1978 has closed.
(2)I’ll never forget the days when we lived together. (作状语)
比较：I’ll never forget the days (that) we spent in Australia. (作及物动词spent的宾语)
(3)The reason (why) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. (作状语，用关系副词)
比较：The reason (that) he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated. (作gave的宾语，用关系代词)
12、★关系词的选择方法
(1)一看先行词的意义
即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因，如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等。
(2)二看关系词的句法功能
即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等，
如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why。
注意，不要一看到先行词为表时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定要用 when, where, why 来引导定语从句，要注意分清它们在定语从句充当什么成分。如
I forget the time when he will come.(when 引导定语从句，在定语从句中用作状语)
I forget the time that he told me. 我忘记了他告诉我的时间。(that 引导定语从句，在定语从句中用作宾语)
The reason why he can’t come is that he is ill.
他不能来的原因是他病了。(why 引导定语从句，在定语从句中用作状语)
The reason that he told me is not true.
他告诉我的原因不真实。(that 引导定语从句，在定语从句中用作宾语)
(3) 三看定语从句的种类
即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。注意，不要一看到逗号就认为是非限制性定语从句。如：
If you’ve really said that to her, _______ will cause real trouble.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. what
此题答案是A，不是B。尽管空格前有逗号，但这并不是非限制性定语从句，所以不能填 which。正确的理解是：If you’ve really said that to her 是一个条件状语从句，逗号后的句子是主句，空格处填that用作主句主语
12、★关系代词做定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式与先行词一致。
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man
13、★定语从句与强调句的区别的诀窍：
★若将It is was that who 去掉而句中不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型。若结构不完整，说明原句为定语从句。
It was not until 1920_______regular radio broadcasts began.
14、定语从句与同位语从句的区别：
定语从句50题
1. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke
B. to who spoke
C. I spoke to
D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed
B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at
D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which
B. on which
C. in which
D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where
B. to which
C. which
D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year
B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year
D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked
B. which you talked
C. about that you talked
D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which
B. in which
C. on which
D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom
B. who
C. which
D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom
B. on whom
C. with which
D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who
B. who's
C. which
D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that
B. all what
C. that
D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which
B. who
C. what
D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that
B. as
C. whom
D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with
B. with whom I went
C. with who I went
D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels
B. the such novels
C. such novels
D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. what
21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. who
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them
B. which
C. whom
D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/
B./; whom
C. whom;/
D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title
B. its title
C. the title of it
D. the title of that
https://www.360docs.net/doc/9819180194.html,st summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which
B. for that
C. in which
D. what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which
B. which; when
C. what; that
D. on which; when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which
B. whose
C. what
D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which
B. with which
C. that
D. for which
30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked
B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after
D. I have looked after
31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that
B.that;why
C. for that;that
D.for which;what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that
B.which
C.for which
D.who
33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./
B.which
C.for which
D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which
B. either of which
C. both of that
D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A. as was
B. which was
C. as were
D. which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that
B. which
C. from that
D. from which
38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. /
B. why
C. when
D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that
B. which
C. it
D. though
41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that
B. what; what
C. which; which
D. that; that
42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with
the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who
B. that; which
C. which; that
D. when; which
43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A. owns; are
B. owns; is
C. own; is
D. own; are
44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A. followed
B. following
C. to follow
D. that followed
45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that
B. /
C. which
D. it
46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what
B. through which; what
C. through that; what
D. what; that
47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school
B. this the school
C. this school one
D. this school where
48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. as
B. that
C. what
D. who
49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them
B. neither of them
C. neither of which
D. none of which
50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being
B. has been
C. had been
D. have been
参考答案及解析
1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2．C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5．A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6．C. 解析同第5题。
7. A. 解析见第3题。
8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.
12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.
14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.
15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.
16. D. such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.
17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.
18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert 是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming. 19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such 和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.
20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.
21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.
22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.
23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which
25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for "以……..而闻名".
26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.
27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。
29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.
30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.
31. A. The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有“因为”的含义。
32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
33. A. 解释见28题.
34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.
35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such 和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.
36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
37. D.
38. D. 解析见35题.
39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.
40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.
41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.
42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.
43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。
44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。
45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。
46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定
语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。
47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。
48. A. 解释见35题。
49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C 是正确选项。
50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
2020届高考英语二轮复习语法突破14：【定语从句】(含答案)
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2020年高考英语之高频考点解密十 定语从句(含答案)
解密10定语从句 【考点解读】 定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括： 1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如: that, which和where, when的区分; that, which和why的区分等。 2. 考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指物时, whose＋名词＝名词＋of which ＝of which＋名词。如： The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor. 3. 考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引导的主语从句的区分。 4. 考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如： I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble. 5. 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students. 6. 考查一些特殊的先行词。如: 当situation, point, case, activity, scene及period, festival, occasion等出现时，要注意具体情况具体分析; 作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关系代词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词where/when或“介词＋which”, 表示在某种特定的情形下。 7. 考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。 【高考预测】 定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/as/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空等中，且完形填空80%每年会出一道题。
2020高考英语一轮语法考点与训练---定语从句附解析
高三一轮语法回顾与训练---定语从句 一、基本概念 1. 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 3. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，它代替前面的先行词，且在定语从句中充当一个成分。它包括关系代词和关系副词。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man, “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man, 在定语从句中作主语。 二、基本结构 先行词（名词、代词）+（关系代词、关系副词）+ 陈述句语序。 The reason (that) he gave for being late was just an excuse. 三、关系代词和关系副词的区别 关系代词（that / who / whom / whose / which / as）代替先行词在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。 关系副词（when / where / why）代替先行词在定语从句中做时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，在有些情况下可分解成：介词+ which。 I’ll never forget the days which / that we spent in the remote village. I’ll never forget the days when / during which we stayed in the remote village. 考点归纳 一、只能用that 不能用which的情况 1. 当先行词是“人+ 物”时，关系代词用that。 2. 先行词是不定代词（all / everything / something / anything / little / much / the one等）时，关系代词多用that。 3. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词或限定词the only / the very / all / every / any / few / no等修饰时，关系代词一般用that，如果先行词指人也可以用who。
2020届高三英语定语从句试题
定语从句 一.定语从句 ①定语从句定义：在复合句中，修饰名词、代词，在句子中起定语作用的从句叫做 定语从句。 China is a country that/which has a long history. ②先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或者代词称为先行词。 The man (whom/who/that) I have to phone lives in Canada. ③引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词或关系副词统称为关系词。 ☆关系代词：who、 that 、 whom 、 which 、 whose 、as ☆关系副词：when、where、why ☆关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接（连接主句和定语从句）、替代（替代前面的先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。 二、 三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? All that can be done has been done. 2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3．先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. 4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
2020版高考英语(新课改·人教版)一轮复习学案专题八定语从句含解析
专题八定语从句 Each graduate standing on the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster. 每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上，等待校长给他们颁发毕业文凭。 My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home. 我的女儿总不在家，她的工作需要经常出差。 1．关系代词that与which的用法 (1)限制性定语从句中只用that不用which的情况： ①先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ ②先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。 ③先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which。 The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
2020年高考英语语法复习——定语从句
2020;2020年高考英语语法复习——定语从句 一、基本概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 注意： （1）定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词； （2）定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。 （3）★引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose，as ★关系副词有：when, where, why. 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 关系代词引导的定语从句, 关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。 This is the detective who came from London. The book which／that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy. The desk whose leg is broken is very old. This is the room that／which Shakespeare was born in. 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在
正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。 1．★作定语用whose =the+ n+ of of which =of which the + n (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注意：“介词 + whose +名词”引导定语从句。如： I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard. 门是蓝色的那间房是我的。 2．★作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. 3、★as在定语从句中的用法::：as可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（1）. as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如，就像”之意。它在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。例 The elephant’s nose is like a snake， as anybody can see. （2）as引导限制性定语从句多与such、so或the same连用，它可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。 Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. I shall do it in the same way as you did. （3）. as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置 as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句一般只能放在主句之后。例如： As had been expected， the England team won the football match. The earth runs around the sun， as is known to everyone.
2020高三英语一轮复习语法专题--定语从句精选提升练习
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2020届高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破10定语从句含解析
定语从句 单句语法填空 1、That’s the new machine__________ parts are too small to be seen. 2、I refuse to accept the blame for something __________ was someone else’s fault. 3、It’s helpful to put children in a situation__________they can see themselves differently. 4、I admire my English teacher. I can remember very few occasions__________she stopped working because of ill health. 5、In most cases, college graduates don't mind what job they will do so long as it is one__________ they can earn money to support themselves. 6、Finally he reached a lonely island__________ was completely cut off from the outside world. 7、The dishes __________I cooked were Mom's favorite. 8、He wrote a letter__________ he explains what had happened in the accident. 9、Simon is a comedian and actor __________has 10 years' experience of teaching comedy. 10、The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere__________ his employees enjoy their work. 11、Students should involve themselves in community activities __________they can gain experience for growth. 12、We have launched another man-made satellite, __________is announced in today’s newspaper. 13、For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _________ _________ New York is an example. 14、He is now reading a book about a scientist,__________he dreams to be. 15、We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,__________the weather may be better. 单句改错
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4、介词+which/whom 它们的常见结构有： (1) 介词+which/whom This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked. (2) 名词+of+ which/whom Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue. (3) 数词+of+ which/whom She’s got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses. (4) 代词+of +which/whom In the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad. (5) 最高级+of + which/whom China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. 介词的选择根据介词与定语从句中动词的搭配关系；根据介词与前面的名词先行词的搭配关系；同时考虑与动词和名词的搭配关系。还有关系副词的改写。 5、非限制性定语从句 形式上与主句被隔开，关系上是对主句内容 ,限制性的关系词除和外，其他都能应用于非限制定语从句中，特殊的是，which和as的先行词不仅能是一个词或一个短语，还有可能是。 Keys:逗号、补充说明、that、why、一整个句子。 II、定语从句中的特殊情况。 1、只用that不用which的情况。 (1) 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something也可用which), few, little, all, none, the one, some, much, any等不定代词时，或者是由all，every，each，few，little，much，no，some，any等修饰时用that： 1) Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 2) You can take any seat that is free. 注意：当先行词为all指人或anyone，everyone，No one，anybody，everybody，somebody 时用who
2020高考英语复习 定语从句
第三讲定语从句 定语从句必备知识 1．定语从句 在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。(定语从句作后置定语) 2．先行词 被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词，作先行词的可以是： (1)一个词(通常是名词，也可以是代词) This is the place which is worth visiting. 这是值得参观的地方。 He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。 (2)一个短语 Many life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题，是现在的大家庭无力解决的。 (3)一个分句 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people have realized how diverse languages could be.希腊人认为，语言结构和思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。 (4)一个完整的句子 I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately, which was why I was late that morning.我发现一个老人躺在马路上，我立即乘出租车把他送到了医院，这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。 3．关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中充当句子成分。 Beijing, which is the capital city of China, is a very beautiful city.(which代指Beijing，在从句中作主语) 4．先行词与关系词的关系 (1)关系代词who, that, which实际上是先行词的替代词
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c、在从句中作主语时， which 既可作系动词 be 的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而 as 只可作系动词 be 的主语。 二、只用 that不用which的状况 1、. 先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被 only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right 等修饰时 . 3、当先行词是最高等或被形容词最高等修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时 . 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、若有两个定语从句，此中一个关系代词已用 which ，另一个关系代词则宜用 that 。 8、主句是 There be 构造 , 修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语 , 或许关系代词自己是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用 that 。 10、先行词为 what，关系代词用 that 。 11、有时为了防止重复而使用that指引定语从句。 三、只用 which 不用 that的状况 1、当介词放在关系代词以前时。 2、在非限制性定语从句中。 3、当关系代词指整个主句的看法时。 四、只用 who 不用 that的状况 1、当先行词是 one, ones,anyone或those时。
2020年高考英语语法复习讲义：定语从句
2020;2020年高考英语语法复习讲义：定语从句 定语从句 定语从句（Attributi高考资源网ve Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语） 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面
2020年重大版高考英语复习 定语从句
第九讲定语从句 单句语法填空 1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 2．(2018·6月浙江高考)Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both, which is not good for the health. 4. (2017·6月浙江高考)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden，where it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. 5．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks. 6．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who, whom, whose引导的定语从句 (1)who 或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 ①I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。 ②I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards. 我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。 (2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；
2020年高考英语必考点全梳理专题12-定语从句(高效演练)(含解析)
专题12 定语从句——高效演练 一. 单句语法填空 1.Many young people，most of ________were well－educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想，他们中的很多人都受过良好教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为Many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。 2.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，________ the weather may be better. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。考查定语从句。先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语，所以用when 3．(天津高考改编)One day，mentally exhausted，I wrote down all the reasons ________ this problem could not be solved. 【答案】why 【解析】句意：一天，精疲力竭，我写下这个问题不能解决的所有原因。考查定语从句。从句缺少原因状语，用why 引导。 4．(浙江高考改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个得到了证明。考查定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用“代词＋介词＋关系代词which”引导。 5．I made friends with the natives，and their reaction amazed me.They gave me presents of their favorite artworks ________ they had refused to sell to tourists. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：我和当地人交朋友，他sell后缺少宾语，用关系代词which。 6．One important biological factor________helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 【答案】that/which 【解析】factor后带有定语从句，关系代词作主语，用that/which。 7.I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise. 【答案】whose
2020年高考英语总复习：语法点拨7定语从句
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5.(2016·全国Ⅱ,阅读A篇)Simon is a comedian and actor has 10 years experience of teaching comedy. 6.(2016·全国Ⅱ,阅读D篇)Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of have never before been published. 7.(2016·全国Ⅲ,67)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks. 8.(2016·全国Ⅲ,完形填空)When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant beating out Miller King, was the best player at our school. 9.(2015·全国Ⅰ,64)I d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 【答案与解析】 1.which→where或which前加in 先行词是pond,关系副词在定语从句中作状语,相当于in which,故which 改为where或在其前加in。 2.that / which 先行词指物,空格处在从句中作主语,故用that或者which。 3.who 分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Sarah,从句中缺少主语,所以应该用who。 4.when 由句子结构可以判断,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是表示时间的mid-1980s,从句中缺少状语,因此填关系副词when。 5.who/that 分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词指人,且在从句中作主语,所以用who或者that。 6.which 此处是“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句,先行词为images,所以用which。 7.who 分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指人,从句中缺少主语,故用who。 8.who 分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指人,从句中缺少主语,故用who。 9.that/which 分析句子结构可知,空格处引导限制性定语从句,先行词指物,从句中缺少主语,故用that或which。 B卷地方卷 单句填空/单句改错 1.(2018·北京,5) She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit. 2.(2018·浙江,57)Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 3.(2018·天津,2) Kate, sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 4.(2017·江苏,28)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. 5.(2016·北京,22)I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise. 6.(2016·四川,短文改错)The dishes what I cooked were Mom s favorite. 7.(2016·江苏,23)Many young people, most of were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 8.(2016·浙江,11)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved. 9.(2015·江苏,21)The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 10.(2015·湖南,29)It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.