高考英语常用同近义词词汇辨析2

高考英语常用同近义词词汇辨析2
高考英语常用同近义词词汇辨析2

高考英语常用同近义词词汇辨析2

C ◆ catch sb.doing sth; be (get) caught in sth.◇ catch sb.doing sth.作“碰(遇)上某人正在做某事”解。例如: The policeman caught two men fighting in the street.警察碰见两个人在街上打架。 The man was caught stealing the apples.那人偷苹果时,被当场发现。◇ be (get) caught in sth.“遇上……而受阻”之意。例如: I got caught in the traffic.我因交通堵塞而受阻。 I was caught in a storm on my way to school.我在去学校的路上遇到了暴雨。◆ care about; care for; care; care to ◇ care about“关心;计较;在乎”,指由于某事重要,或因责任所在而关心计较,一般用于否定句。如: He doesn't care about his clothes.他不讲究衣着。 I don't care about going there.去不去那里,我无所谓。◇ care for“关心;照料;喜欢;愿意”。作“关心;照料”讲,一般用于肯定句或疑问句。如: Who will care for your children when you are away?t 你离开期间谁照顾你的孩子? How the Party cares for us! 党是多么关心我们啊! Would you care for a walk? 你愿意去散步吗? He cares more for fine new clothes than for anything else.他喜爱漂亮的新衣胜于其他的一切。◇ care还可作及物动词,但其后通常接从句。如: I don't care who you are.我不管你是谁。 I don't care what you say.不论你说什么,我都不在乎。◇ care to“愿意,欲望”,后接动词原形。如:I don’t care to go there.我不愿意去那里。◆ carry off; carry away; carry out ◇ 表示“运走”;“掠走”,用carry off或carry away均可。但两者也有不同之处:carry off可表示“夺得”某种奖赏;carry away可表示“吸引住”。如: After destroying the village, the enemy carried off/away all the cattle.在毁掉村子之后,敌人把牲畜都掠走了。 I carried off the first prize.我获得了头等奖。 We were carried away by her songs.她的歌声令我们浑然忘我。◇ carry out的意思是“搬出(某物)”;“履行(计划或义务等)”。如: Would you please carry out the desk into the garden?t 请你把桌子搬到花园里去好吗? You must

carry out your duty.你必须履行你的职责。◆ carry out; carry on ◇ 注意两者的区别:carry out意为“执行、实行”;carry on 表示“(继续)进行、进行下去”,强调坚持。如: The group of soldiers carried out a secret military action the other day.几天前,这群士兵执行了一次秘密的军事行动。 Comrades in Germany were carrying on a heroic fight against war under conditions of fascism at that time.那时,在德国的同志正在法西斯的统治区进行一场英勇的反战斗争。◆ cause; reason; excuse ◇ cause 意为“起因”、“原因”,指引起某种结果的必然原因,即主要事实方面的原因,常和effect连用,表示因果关系。如:I don’t know the cause and effect.我不知道此事的前因后果。 The cause of the fire was carelessness.失火的原因是粗心大意。◇ reason意为“理由”、“原因”,指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口,这种理由可能是也可能不是真正的理由,强调逻辑推理方面的理由。如: There are many reasons for animals dying out.动物的绝种有许多原因。 Tell us your reason for changing the plan.告诉我们你改变计划的原因。◇ excuse指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的“理由”、“原因”?也就是我们常说的“借口”。如: Too much work is no excuse for absence.工作太忙不能成为缺席的理由。I haven’t done the work well,my excuse is that I have been ill.我没把工作做好,我的理由是我病了。◆cheer/greet /welcome◇ cheer意为“欢呼”,侧重表示高声呼叫以示欢迎,强调气氛的活跃,常含鼓励之意。如: The boys cheered their football team.孩子们为他们的足球队喝彩。◇ greet表示用语言、行动等“迎接”,常含“友好、热情、亲切”之意。如: We greeted our guests at the gate.我们在大门口迎接客人。◇ welcome常表示“欢迎新人、新事、新主张”等。如: We welcome the new ideas.我们欢迎新思想。◆ clear away, clear up, clear off ◇ clear away 表示“清除掉”、“收拾掉”、“散掉”、“消散”;clear up表示“露出(喜色)”、“(天气)放晴”、“清理”、“整理”;clear off表示“走开”、“离开”。 [EXERCISES] 1) We must ____

such ideas among ourselves. 2) She ____ her desk before she moved to another school. 3) The sky looks as if it would ____ soon. 4) ____ before I call the police. 5) His face ____ when he read the letter. Key: 1) clear away 2) cleared up 3) clear up 4) Clear off 5) cleared up ◆ close;closely ◇ close, closely这两个词都可以用作副词,close表示“靠近”、“紧紧地”,closely则表示“紧密地”、“严密地”、“密切地”。如: 1) I went closer, and saw clearly a tall man in the moonlight. 2) Come close, I want to tell you something important. 3) The policeman followed the strange man closely. 4) The scientists got closely in touch with the astronauts.◆ come up; come on; come out ◇ come up常表示位置“上升”;从水中或土中“冒出”;芽苗等“长出”;“引起注意、被提出”等。如:The seeds haven’t come up.种子还没发芽。 Your question came up at the meeting.你的问题在会上被提出来讨论。◇ come on 常用来催促别人,意为“加油、加快”,也可表示“来临、袭击”。如: I can feel a headache coming on.我觉得头痛了。◇ come out常表秘密等“传出、被获悉”,书籍等的“出版”;“结果是”。如: When will her new book come out?t 她的新书什么时候出版? The answer to the math problem came out wrong.这道数学题的结果错了。◆ complete; finish ◇ finish 是普通用语,用得比较广泛,可作及物动词或不及物动词,多用来指“完成”一项任务或活动,后面可接名词、代词或-ing,不接不定式。例如: Have you finished your work?t 你的工作完成了吗?He finished writing the letter last night.这封信他是昨晚完成的。◇ complete一般用作及物动词,用法较正式,通常用来表示完成某个计划、理想、事业、工程、建筑、书籍及作品等,后面可接名词或代词,不接-ing或不定式。例如:He’s never completed a project on time.他从未按时完成过计划。 The bridge is not completed yet.这座桥至今尚未完工。◇ 表示完成学业、精细的工作、吃完某物及在被动结构中表示“一切都完了;没希望了”等意

时,均用finish。例如: He finished school in 1991.他1991

年从学校毕业。 The wood-work is beautifully finished.这件木器做得很精细。注意:complete a book的意思是“写完一本书”;finish a book意为“看完一本书”。◆ common ordinary general 都含“普通的”意思。◇ common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”,如:Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。? ordinary 强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”,如:His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。◇ general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”,如:This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 这

本书是为一般读者写的,不是为专家写的。? normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”, 如:the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常体温◆ compare…with; compar…to; compared with /to ◇ compare…with意为“把……与……相比”,侧重指两者间的区别。如:Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them.把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比较,

你就会发现它们之间的区别。◇ compare…to…意为“把……比作……”,着重注意两者间的相似点。如: This song compares our country to a big family.这首歌把我们的国家比作一个大家庭。◇ compare既可以单独用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词时,以compare with…形式出现,表示“与……相比”。如:Living here can’t compare with living in Shanghai.在这儿生活不能和在上海(生活)相比。 If you compare the two words, you can tell the difference between them.如果你比较这两个单词,你就会辨别出它们之间的不同。◇ compared with…和compared to…都可用作状语,意义基本相同,可互换。如: Compared to/with him, you are lucky.与他相比,你是幸运的。 It was a small town then, compared to/with what it is now.和现在比起来,那时它还是个小镇。◆ cover; interview ◇ 两者都可用作动词,意为“采访”,cover的宾语是事情;interview的宾语是人。如:Reporters are then sent to cover the events.然后记者们就被

派去采访这些事件。 He interviewed five people in the morning.他上午采访了五个人。◆ country; nation; state;land ◇ country 意为“国家;国土”,侧重指版图;疆域。如: China is a great country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的伟大国家。注意:country含义广泛,适合各种文体,也可代替本组中的任何一个词,有时作“祖国”解,带有感情色彩。如: After many years abroad,he wanted to return to his country.在国外呆了多年后,他想回到自己的祖国。 Some parts of this country (land) are much warmer than others.该国某些地区的气候较其他地区温暖得多。◇ nation 意为“民族;国家”,侧重指人民;国民;民族。如: The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news.听到这一噩耗,全国人民悲痛

万分。注意:在国际交往等正式场合,nation语体庄重,比country 常用。如: the United Nations (UN) 联合国 the law of nations 国际公法 a most favored nation 最惠国 Trade between nations is much better than war.国与国之间进行贸易往来比兵戎相见好得多。◇ state意为“国家;政府”,侧重指政权;政体。如: In our country,railways are state-owned.在我国铁路为国家所有。◇ land意为“国土;国家”,带有感情色彩,多用于文学作品中。如: This is my native land.I’ll defend it with my life!这是我的祖国,我要用自己的生命保卫她!◆ cross; across; crossing ◇ cross 作动词用时,意思是“横过”。如: They are crossing the river.他们正在过河。 The idea has just crossed my mind.这个主意是

我刚才想到的。 cross作名词用时,指“十字形的东西”。◇ across 可作介词或副词,意为“横穿,横过”。如: They pushed the cart across the bridge.他们推着车过桥。 The post office is across the street.邮局在街道对面。◇ crossing意为“横穿,交叉,

十字路口,人行横道”。如: They are standing at a crossing.他们正站在十字路口。◆ cut off; cut up; cut through ◇ cut off 表示“隔绝”、“断绝”、“(电路)切断”、“剪下”、“砍掉”;◇ cut up表示“切割开来”、“切碎”、“使难过”;◇ cut through 表示“凿穿”、“穿过”、“穿透”。 [EXERCISES] 1) The building

____ our view. 2) We are going to ____ the mountain to build a free way here. 3) She _____ the cake and gave each of us a piece. 4) He ____ some flowers from the bush. Key: 1) cut off 2) cut through 3) cut up 4) cut off D ◆ daily; everyday; every day ◇ daily用作名词意为“日报” 如:China Daily《中国日报》用作形容词,意同everyday;用作副词意同everyday。◇ everyday意为“每日的、日常的”,在句中作定语。everyday English=daily English日常英语;everyday life=daily life日常生活。◇ every day(分开写)意为“每天”,在句中作状语。如: He comes here every day.=He comes here daily.他每天来这儿。◆ damage; destr oy; ruin 这三个词都有“破坏;损坏”的意思,区别如下:◇ damage意为“损坏、破坏”。它可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品,一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低,这种损坏是部分性的,通常指损坏的程度不那么严重,还可以修复再用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西,有时该词也用于借喻。如: The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were seriously hurt.汽车在事故中损坏不严重,但却有五个人受了重伤。 Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.长期生病使她的心脏受到轻度损伤。 What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries.他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。 Smoking has damaged his health badly.吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。◇ damage还可用作可数或不可数名词。如: The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city.这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。◇ destroy意为“破坏;摧毁;消灭;毁灭”,通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”,一般情况下不可以修复再用。另外,它既可表示毁坏具体的物品,也可表示毁坏抽象的东西。如: The big fire destroyed the whole house.这场大火把整座房子都烧毁了。 The Nazi wanted to destroy people's hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazi's dream by the power of people.纳粹想摧毁人民的希望,最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力量所摧毁。◇ ruin多用于借喻之中,有时

泛指一般性的破坏,指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。如: My new coat is ruined.我的外套不能再穿了。 The rain will ruin the crops.这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。 I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man?我被那场官司毁了,我破产了。◆ damp wet dank moist humid 都含"潮湿的"意思。◇ damp指"轻度潮湿, 使人感觉不舒服的", 如: I don't like damp weather. 我不喜欢潮湿的天气。◇ wet 指"含水分或其他液体的"、"湿的", 如: be wet to the skin 浑身湿透。◇ dank 指"阴湿的", 如: a dark dank and chilly cave 一个既黑暗又潮湿、又阴冷的洞。◇ moist指"微湿的"、"湿润的", 常含"不十分干, 此湿度是令人愉快的"意思, 如: Grasses were moist with dew. 草被露水润湿了。◇ humid为正式用语, 常表示"空气中湿度大的", 如: In the east, the air is humid in summer. 在东方, 夏季空气潮湿。◆ day by day; day after day ◇ day by day意为“一天一天地”,“逐日”,表示事情的逐渐变化过程。该短语只能作状语。如: It's getting colder day by day.天气一天天冷了起来。 The boy is getting better day by day.那孩子一天天好了起来。◇ day after day意为“日复一日”、“一天又一天”,表示一个重复(周而复始或循环重复)的动作或事件。该短语可作主语和状语。如: Day after day went by, and still no message arrived.日子一天天过去,仍然杳无音讯。 I have to do the work day after day.我得天天做这项工作。◆ deal wit h; do with; get rid of ◇ get rid of表示“处理”,侧重“消灭;摆脱或清除”;deal with和do with侧重“处理”的手段、方法或方式。do的后面可接宾语,deal的后面不接宾语;do with常与what 连用,deal with常与how连用。[练]①If they are not coming, we can ___ the tickets.②How did they ____ matters of this sort?t ③What did you ____ the broken car?t ④Mr Zhang wrote a book ____ life in England.⑤We should ____ the weeds in the fields.(Key: ①get rid of ②deal with ③do with ④dealing with ⑤get rid of) ◆ demonstrate,illustrate ◇ demonstrate 证明,论证,以科学严谨的态度,通过

推理、辩论或提供证据来证明事物的正谬。illustrate 指用实物、

图片等进行说明,illustrate后常用介词by,with。 A.The lecturer ____ his point with a diagram ont heblackboard. B.To ____ his arguments,he showed us a lot of facts. C.These figures clearly ___ the size of the economic problem facing the country. Answers:A.illustrated B.demonstrate

C.demonstrate ◆ discover;invent;find;find out ◇ invent

意为“发明”,指通过劳动运用聪明才智“发明/创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。 Who invented the telephone?是谁发明电话的?He invented a new teaching method.他发明了一种新的教学方法。◇ find意为“找到、发现”,指找到或发现自己所需要的东西或丢失的东西,着重指找到的结果。 We've found oil under the South Sea.我们已在南海发现了石油。 They finally found a way.他

们终于找到了办法。◇ discover意为“发现”,表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误,即指发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事物,也可表示发现已为人所知的事物的新的性质或用途。 Columbus discovered America in1492.哥伦布1492

年发现了美洲。 We soon discovered the truth.我们很快就弄清了真相。◇ f ind out指经过研究或询问查明某事或真相。[EXERCISES] 1.Edison ____ the electric lamp. 2.I lost my necklace last night.I haven’t ____ it. 3.Who ____ America first? 4.Can you ____ what time the train leaves? ANSWER: 1.invented 2.found 3.discovered 4.find out ◆ disgrace dishonor shame infamy scandal ◇ 都含“丢人”、“耻辱”的意思。◇ disgrace 指“失去别人的尊敬”、“因自己

或别人的行为所产生的耻辱感”, 如: He was in disgrace after his ungentlemanly behavior. 他因为行为不检而为人所不齿。◇ dishonor指“因自己的言行而丧失自尊或玷辱名誉”, 如: His desertion to the enemy was a dishonor to his family. 他的投

敌行为对他的家庭是耻辱。◇ shame指“由于失去自尊心而感到羞愧或羞耻”, 如 I think it a shame to be so wasteful. 我认为

那样浪费太可耻了。infamy指“声名狼藉”、“臭名昭著”, 如: His name will live in infamy. 他的名字将遗臭万年。◇ scandal指“引起公愤的行为”、“丑事”, 如 Iran Scandal 伊朗丑闻(指美国向伊朗出售武器的秘密被揭露后, 所引起的批评)。

E ◆ ever before;ever since;eve r after ◇ ever since意为“从……之后一直”,其中的since既可作副词,也可作连词,该短语与完成时连用。有时ever可以省略。◇ ever before意为“比以往任何时候”,其中的before为副词,常与比较级连用并放在than 之后。ever用来加强before的语气,before有时可以省略。◇ ever after意为“从那以后”,其中的after可作连词,也可作副词,该短语常与过去时连用。 [EXERCISES] 1.He went to Tibet in 1969 and has lived there ____. 2.The flowers grow more beautiful than ____. 3.The couple lived a hard life ____. ANSWER: 1.ever since 2.ever before 3.ever after ◆ except/but ◇ 二者意思均为:除……之外。except强调所除外的人(或事物);而but则将重点置于其他人(或事物)。如:We all passed the exam except Tom.除了汤姆没及格外,我们都及格了。(汤姆一人不及格) Nobody knew her name but me.除我以外,没有人知道他的名字。(强调除“我”知道外,其他人都不知道)◇ except前常有all,any,every,no及其复合词等;but也常与no,nobody,nothing,all,anywhere等词连用。二者后都可接名词、代词、动词的ing形式和原形动词,可以互换;但except后还可跟副词、介词短语等,此时,不能用but来代替。如:He answered all the questions except/but the last one.除最后一个问题没答外,其余问题他都答了。 He has always been in high spirits except recently.除近来外,他总是精神饱满。(except后跟副词) The window is never opened except in summer.除夏季外,这扇窗户从来不开。(except后跟介词短语)◇ except,but用于否定句时,可以互换。如:There aren't any other people to be considered except/but you.除你之外,其他人将不予考虑。

高考英语阅读高频词汇必备篇

高考英语阅 读 理 解 高 频 词 汇

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7. acquire/obtain/gain/win/earn 8. adjust/adapt 9. adopt/adapt 10. agreement/contract/bargain

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