2014中考英语专题讲解 形容词
2014中考专题复习形容词
I、形容词
（一）定义：说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。
（二）形容词的用法和在句中的位置
1.作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词(something，anything，nothing，everything)之后。
It’s a cold and windy day.
The beautiful girl is my sister.
I have something important to tell you.
Would you like something hot to drink？
( ) What a ______ cough! You seem ______ ill.
A. terrible, terribly
B. terribly, terrible
C. terrible, terrible
D. terribly, terribly ( ) Wait a minute, I have ＿＿＿to tell you.
A. something interested
B. something interesting
C. interesting something
D. anything interesting
【2013绥化】— How do you like the talk show?
—I think it’s ________, but some people think it’s so________.
A. wonderful enough; bored
B. enough wonderful; boring
C. wonderful enough; boring
【2013黔西南】The old man is so lonely that he hopes to know about_____ every day .
A. special something
B. special anything
C. something special
D. anything special
2.作表语，放在系动词之后。(look,feel,smell,sound….)
He looks happy today.
Our school is big and clean.
I felt terrible this morning.
( ) Jim is ______ at all his lessons. And I'm sure he'll do very _____ in the exams.
A. well, good
B. good, well
C. well, well
D. good, good
( ) This egg smells _______ , though it looks all right.
A. good
B. well
C. bad
D. badly
3.作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。
I find it hard to travel around the big city.
You must keep your eyes closed.
4.某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人。常见的形容词有：dood/ bad , rich/ poor, young/bad, deaf/ blind,black/ white,living/dead等
The young should be polite to the old.
The rich should hlep the poor.
5.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。
【注】在英语中，表示事物的长、宽、高、深等时，主要有两种表达方式：
结构：“基数词+ 单位名词+ 形容词（long,wide,tall, deep等）”。
如果数词超过1，单位名词要用复数形式。
【注】单位词有：meter; foot; inch; kilogram 等
Yao Ming is over 2 meters tall.
The river is 50 meters wide.
How long is the river？It’s about two hundred metres long.
6.只能作表语的形容词：
afraid；alone；asleep；awake；alive；well健康的；ill；frightened
The man is ill.（正）
The ill man is my uncle.（误）
7. 只能作定语的形容词：
little小的；only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的My elder brother is in Beijing.（正）
My brother is elder. （误）
8 貌似副词的形容词：lonely；friendly；lively；lovely
( ) The twins are together most of the time. So they never feel ＿＿＿.
A. alone
B. lonely
C. happily
D. friendly
（三）、形容词的排列顺序
当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时，形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。
一般规则为：
（限定词）→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→（名词）。
There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village.
（四）、有一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式
be + glad, happy, pleased
+ to do sth. sorry, sad, sure, kind
ready, afraid, able
easy, difficult
I’m very sad to hear the bad news.
（五）形容词的构成：
（1）常见名词变形容词的方法：
名词构成方法意义举例
表示天气的名词-y 多…….的cloud –cloudy wind- windy sun-sunny
rain - rainy snow - snowy
表示方位的名词-ern ……的方位west –western east –eastern
south- southern northern
表示称谓的名词-ly ……般的friend –friendly week - weekly day - daily 表示时间的名词- ly 每…..的week –weekly day –daily
表示物质的名词- en ……制成的wood – wooden gold – golden
表示情感的名词- ful
- y
-less ……的
无……的
care-careful use – useful
beauty- beautiful hope- helpful
luck-lucky noise- noisy health- healthy
hope- hopeless care-careless
home - homelsee
表示大洲和国家的名词-n …... 的
……的人
Asia –Asian Canadia- Canadian
America- American
【2013莆田】The Internet is really___to us．We can easily find information on it．A．boring B．useful C．Interesting
【2013日照】Mary is so ________ — she comes to you whenever you’re in trouble.
A. useful
B. careful
C. thankful
D. Helpful
【2013济南】My uncle lost his ID card yesterday morning. ______, a school boy found it and sent it back to him in the afternoon.
A. Loudly
B. Clearly
C. Nearly
D. Luckily
（2）复合形容词：指由几个词共同组成，并起形容词作用的词。
主要用作定语，不作表语。
结构：数词+ 名词+（形容词）
fifteen – year- old adj.十五岁的作定语用(复合形容词)
【注】复合形容词的特点：⑴各词之间有连字符号
⑵名词用单数
a fifteen –year- old boy 15岁的男孩
【2012黑龙江黑河市】A_____girl named Dong Xinyi looked after her disabled father.
A. three-year-old
B. three-years-old
C. three years old
（六）、使用形容词的几个常用句型.
1. “It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 表示；对某人来说做某事是怎样的
这一句型中常用的形容词有：
dangerous (危险的), difficult (困难的), easy (容易的),
hard (艰难的), important (重要的), impossible (不可能的), interesting (有趣的), necessary(必要的), pleasant(舒适的), safe(安全的), useful(有益/用的)等,
It is important for Tom to work on his father’s farm.
It’s very necessary for students to listen to teachers carefully.
2.It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.. 意为：某人做某事是怎样的。这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词有：
careful(细心的), careless(粗心的), clever(聪明的), foolish(愚蠢的), good(好的), kind(友善的), lazy(懒惰的), nice(友好的), polite(有礼貌的), right(正确的),
wrong(错误的)等.
It’s very kind of you to help me.
3.表示能力和意志的形容词，
ready（乐意的，有准备的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），certain（一定）等常接不定式。
Lei Feng is always ready to help others.
He is sure to get to school on time.
4、—ing 形容词和—ed 形容词
1). —ing 形容词的特点：表示主动的意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事
物。
2). —ed 形容词的特点：表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，surprise---surprising/surprised interest---interesting/interested
excite---exciting/excited tire--- tiring/tired
【2013安顺】He often drinks two cups of ______ water when he comes back.
A.boiling
B.boil
C.boiled
D.boils
【2013青岛】It is __ that Mr. Guo sailed across the world by himself ___ within about 130 days
A. terrified, successful
B. scary, successfully
C. amazing, successfully
D. convincing, successful
(七）含有形容词的固定短语：
1.be +形容词+at
be good at 善于，擅长于be interested in 对……感兴趣
2.be + 形容词+ about
be worried about 担忧
3.be+ 形容词+for
be ready for 为……作好准备be famous for 以……而著名be good for 对.......有益
4. be +形容词+ in
be interested in 对……感到举be strict in (with) (对工作、对人)严格要求
be week in 在.......方面差
5.be + 形容词+of
be careful of 当心，注意be afraid of害怕……be in (great) need of (很)需要
be fulll of 充满be fond of 喜欢.... be proud of 对.......感到自豪
be tired of 对.......感到厌烦be sure of 对.......有把握
6. be +形容词+ with
be covered with 被……复盖be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气
be pleased (with) 对……感到高兴(满意) be strict with 对...... 严格
be busy with 忙于be patient with 对.......有耐心
be popular with 受.......欢迎be satisfied with 对……感到满意
7. be +形容词+ to
be able to do sth. 能够做……be glad to do sth. 很高兴做……
be friendly to 对......友好be polite to 对......有礼貌
（八）易混形容词辨析：
1.good/ fine/ nice/ well
Ⅰ. good 是含义最广的形容词，表“好的质量”，“好的品质”。等意思。
①Lucy is a good girl.
②These eggs are good ( 指鲜人品质)。
Ⅱ. fine 侧重于“质量的精细”，“身体健康”，还可以表示“天气晴朗”等。如：
①This is a fine house.
②How are you? I’m fine, thank you.
③It’s a fine day for walk. 这是一个散步的好天气。
Ⅲ. nice 指从外表上的“好看、漂亮”。取悦于人的感觉。也可指“（对人）友好和蔼”如：
①It’s a nice watch, but it’s not a good/fine one. 这块表看上去不错，但却不是一块好表。
②It’s very nice of you. 你真太好了。
③They are nice mooncakes. 这都是美味的月饼。
Ⅳ. well 是副词。表干/做得“好”，修饰动词。也可作表语，指身体好。如：
①Well done! 干得好！
②I’m well. 我好了。
2. lone，lonely，alone
I. lone “孤独的，寂寞的，无依无靠的“
II. lonely “孤单的，寂寞的”，但更强调指渴望陪伴的孤独感受。
lonely①指人孤独的，寂寞的，强调主观感受；②也可指某个地方是荒凉的III. alone意为“单独的，一个人的”，表示客观上无人陪伴，一般只作表语
alone = by oneself adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。
He often walks alone to home .
( )①The old man lives ___，but he never feels ____.
A. alone ;lonely
B. lonely; alone
C. alone; alone
D. lonely; lonely
II、形容词的比较级、最高级
1. 分类：形容词有原级，比较级(“更加/比较…. 的”)，最高级(“最….的”).
原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(A).规则变化：
单音节和少数双音节形容词的规则变化.
(1).一般在形容词词尾直接加er构成比较级, 直接加est构成最高级，
tall→taller→tallest，long→longer→longest, short→shortest
(2). 以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词，只需加r构成比较级, 加st构成最高级。
nice→nicer→nicest, fine→finer→finest, large→larger→largest
(3). 以辅—元—辅结尾的重读闭音节形容词，先双写这个辅音字母，
再加er构成比较级，加est构成最高级，
big→bigger→biggest，hot→hotter→hottest, red→redder→reddest
（）It was ＿＿＿yesterday than today.
A. Hot
B. hoter
C. hotter
D. the hottest
(4). 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，先把y变为i，
再加er构成比较级, 加est构成最高级，
busy→buier→busiest, easy→easier→easiest.
(5) 部分双音节形容词和多音节形容词
在原级前加more构成比较级, 在原级前加most构成最高级，
tiring→more tiring→most tiring,
relaxing→more relaxing→most relaxing,
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
（B）不规则变化:
原级比较级最高级good好的
better更好的best最好的well好；(身体)好的,
bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；
(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的
ill(身体)不舒服的
many许多的(可数)
more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常
little少的less更少的least最少的
far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地) furthest最深刻的(地)
2.形容词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：
一、原级的用法
1.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too,rather
He is too tired to walk on.
The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟)
I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)
( ) The girl was ＿＿＿afraid ＿＿＿she threw her bag away.
A. so, that
B. too, to
C. too, that
D. enough, to
( ) The two friends were _____ pleased to see each other that they forgot everything.
A. so
B. too
C. very
D. much ( ) Let's go out for supper now. I'm very ＿＿＿.
A. hungry
B. angry
C. tired
D. thirsty
( ) It is very ＿＿＿to listen to him.
A. interested
B. interesting
C. interested in
D. interest
【2013泉州】—What should we do to reduce food waste?
—In a restaurant only order as____ as we need and try to eat it up.
A. much
B. more
C. most
2.原级常用的句型结构
句子使用原级的两大标志
a. 当句中含有as (so)…as…时，句子一般使用原级.
(肯定句中只能用as, 而否定句中可用so或as)
（1）A= B-----A+谓语动词+ as +adj / adv的原级+ as +B 表示“A和B一样”
☆表示两者之间没有差别：
Tom is as old as Kate.
Tom is twice as old as Kate.
His English is as good as yours.
( ) I don't think English is ＿＿＿Chinese.
A. as important as
B. not important as
C. not so important
D. important as 【2013玉林】Liu Ying is good at singing. She sings ______the famous singer, CoCo.
A. as well as
B. as good as
C. as better as
D. as the best as
（2）A＜B---A +谓语动词+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B 表示“A不如B…”
☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人：
This room is not as/so big as that one.
b. 当形容词前含有quite, so, too, very等副词时，句子一般用原级，
He is too tired to walk on.
I am very hungry now, but I don’t want to eat.
二、形容词比较级的用法
1.可以修饰比较级的词.
much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿even甚至，still仍然
讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型：
A+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+‘B’+….
A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了)
Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.
Tom looks even younger than before.
( ) You look ＿＿＿than before，why?
A. more thin
B. more thinner
C. much more thin
D. much thinner ( ) Things are ____ worse than I thought.
A. more
B. few
C. very
D. much
【2013北京】Debbie is growing fast. She is even____________ than her mother.
A. tall
B. taller
C. tallest
D. the tallest
2.句子使用比较级的三大标志：
a. 当句中含有than一词时, 句子一般使用比较级,
结构: “形容词比较级+than…. ”,
意为:“比…更加……”.
Tom is taller than Kate.
( ) I think Chinese is ______ than maths.
Ａ. Interesting B.more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting 【2013营口】— What do you think of the price of gold in the world?
—Nowadays it is getting much than before.
A. low
B. lower
C. lowest
D. the lowest
b. 当句中含有…, A or B? 时，句子一般使用比较级。
Which pen is newer, this one or that one?
( ) Which is ＿＿＿, Li Lei's box or Han Meimei's box?
A. Heavy
B. heavier
C. more heavier
D. the heaviest
c. 当句中含有of the two (+n) 时，句子一般使用比较级。
He is the younger of the two students
【注】形容词比较级的修饰语
1．形容词比较级前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly之类表示程度的状语：
He’s feeling much better today.
2．也可在比较级前any, no, some, even, still这类词：
Do you feel any better today?
3．比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词：
My sister is ten years younger than me.
【注】形容词比较级的特殊用法
1."The + 形容词比较级..., the + 形容词比较级...", 表示"越..., 就越...".
The more, the better!
( ) ________ she eats, _____ she'll be.
A. More; fat
B. The more; fatter
C. More;the fatter
D. The more;the fatter 【2013黔西南】—Remember this , children . _______careful you are , _______mistakes you will make .
—We know , Mr. Li .
The more; the more B.The fewer; the more
C. The more; the fewer
D. The less; the less
2. "形容词比较级+ and + 形容词比较级", 表示" 越来越... ".
It's getting hotter and hotter.
三.形容词最高级用法
1. 句子使用最高级的四大标志：
a. the + 最高级+ 比较范围（in/of+比较范围）
He is the tallest of all the boys
She is the tallest student in our class.
( ) Of all these books, do you think, which one is ＿＿＿?
A. interesting
B. much interesting
C. more interesting
D. the most interesting
【2013成都】David is _____ student in our class. Nobody is taller than him.
A.tall
B. taller
C. the tallest
【2013漳州】—Do you know Lin Shuhao?
—Yes. He is one of _____ basketball players in the NBA.
A. popular
B. more popular
C. the most popular 【注】在句子中，形容词最高级前一般必须有定冠词the.
当形容词的最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格时，就不再用定冠词the
Jim is my best friend.
John’s worse habit is getting up late.
b.the +序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .
c. one of +the +形容词的最高级+复数名词
He is one of the cleverest students in our class.
（）The Huang He River is one of ＿＿＿in China.
A. The long river
B. the longest river
C. the longest rivers
D. the longer river d. “特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。
Which season do you like （the）best，spring，summer or autumn？
( ) Which subject do you like ＿＿＿, English Chinese or maths?
A. best
B. well
C. better
D. good
四.级别的转换
1).原级与比较级的转换
a). 倍数+ as …as → (倍数-1)+比较级+than
This room is five times as big as that one
=This room is___ ___bigger than that one .
b).not as…as 与比较级的转换
A +not as …as +
B → A+比较级(反义词的比较级) +than +B
→B+比较级+than+A
Mary is not as old as Tom .= Mary is _____ _____ Tom. = Tom is ____ _____ Mary .
This book is not as expensive as that one = This book is _____ _____ than that one = That book is _____ ______than this one .
2).比较级与最高级的转换
a). the +最高级+ of / in ……
+any other +单数名词
b). 比较级+than +the other +复数名词
+anyone else
+any of the other+复名
c). Nobody else + 比较级+ than ……
Tom is the tallest boy in our class.
Tom is taller than ____ ____ boy in our class.
Tom is taller than _____ ____ in our class.
_____ _____ is taller than Tom in our class.
五.级别的惯用法
1. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
He is getting taller and taller.
2. “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。
The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
3.“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。(of the twins/parents…)
Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
4.当adj 的最高级前有物主代词,名词所有格,指示代词时,不用the .
This is my best book of all.
5.相比较的前后两部分必须是同类比较.
My pencil is longer than ______(you).
6.比较时不能与自身相比
注: 当相比较的两者属于同一范围/类别时,为了与自身相比较, 要用any other +单数名词. 若两者不属于同一范围/类别时,不必用other ,直接用any + 单数名词. He is taller than _____ boy in his class.
He is taller than _____boy in our class .
A.any
B.any other
7.有些含有比较级的句子里，常用that(单数、不可数名词)、those (复数名词)代替前面提到的词，以避免重复。
The weather in Beijing is colder than ____ in Guangzhou in winter.
The boys in our class are more than _____ in your class.
练习题
1. Now the air in our home town is ________ than it was before. Something must be
done.
A. much better
B. more worse
C. more better
D. much worse
2. –Our holiday was _______. –Yes. I’ve never had _______.
A. such great; a better one
B. greatly; a good one
C. so great; a better one
D. very good; the best one
3. –Why don’t you ask Tom to do it?
--I don’t know whether he is ______ to. He sometimes makes things worse.
A. possible
B. able
C. afraid
D. easy
4. The coat I bought last week is too big for me. I’d like to change it for a _____ one.
A. small
B. large
C. nicer
D. smaller
5. Why not make a kite yourself? You don’t need _______ for it.
A. anything special
B. something special
C. special anything
D. special something
6. _______ you eat butter, cream and chocolate, _______ you will become.
A. The more; the thinner
B. The less; the fatter
C. More; fatter
D. The more; the fatter
7. The old man next door was found _______ in the living room. Maybe he died from
a heart attack.
A. dead
B. die
C. dying
D. death
8. I paid a visit to Mrs Smith yesterday evening. She didn’t look ___, but she s aid she was getting on all right.
A. as worried as ever
B. as happy as usual
C. happier than
D. as happily as usual
9. Yang won the women’s 500 meters in the sports meeting. She did _______ of all.
A. best
B. better
C. well
D. good
10. –It’s so cold today. –Yes, it’s _______ colder than it was yesterday.
A. some
B. more
C. very
D. much
11. –It’s a nice car. _______ have you been in it? --Just to Shanghai.
A. How much
B. How long
C. How soon
D. How far
12.–George looks strong. Has he ever been sick?
--He’s a superman! He _______ goes to the doctor.
A. already
B. even
C. often
D. seldom
13. A noise was coming from _______, and after a while a man in black came
downstairs and disappeared in the street.
A. the bedroom over
B. the bedroom below
C. the above bedroom
D. the bedroom above
14. –What about having a picnic here, John? --Good idea! I’m feeling ____
hungry, too.
A. much
B. a bit
C. not a bit
D. a bit of
15. –It’s very dark. Let’s go _______. –All right. Let’s return.
A. not far
B. no far
C. no farther
D. not farther
16. John came to work ______of them all yesterday because his bike had broken down.
A. late
B. later
C. latest
D. latter
17. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home.
A. much too heavy
B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much
D. too heavy much
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原级比较级最高级 good better best Well better best bad worse worst badly worse worst many more most most more most little less lest far farther further farthest furthest old older elder oldest eldest 要注意的是许多形容词同时又是副词，如：back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow等。而有些形容词则要经过一定变化才能转为副词，其规律如下： 构词法形容词副词 一般加ly Careful kind carefully kindly 尾是y时将y变成i加ly Happy busy easy Happily busily easily 其他true terrible full possible shy whole truly terribly
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