高考英语写作专题讲解

一、考点分析

高考设置基础写作题目的目的是要检测考生最基础的书面语言表达能力，如用词的合理性、句子结构的复杂度、语法运用的正确性、信息内容的完整性、句子之间的连贯性等。因此，基础写作题与往年的书面表达依然会有很多相似点，但也会出现一些新的特点。

1. 写作题材贴近考生的学习和生活。历年来高考作文题的题材都非常贴近考生的学习和生活，如校园活动、校外见闻、交友、旅游，和考生有关的话题讨论等。可以预料明年高考写作题的题材还会在这些范围之内，并为所有所考所熟悉。

2. 写作的体裁主要是故事性描述和应用文。基础写作题的体裁主要有故事性描写和应用文写作两大类。命题形式可能是看图写故事、看图表说明、根据表格信息完成一封短信或一份通知这类的应用文等。

3. 内容呈现的方式具有半封闭性。作文试题逐步走向开放将是大势所趋。但是，基础写作题还只能是半封闭的，其特点是写作的内容是被规定了的，考生必须将文章所规定的信息点完整、全面地表达出来，但对于语言表达的方式、信息组织的先后秩序、需要补充哪些必要的信息等，考生又有一定的自主构思空间。

二、专题详解

一、]

二、写作之“三八大盖”

1.现象/问题说明段

2.分析原因段

3.解决问题段

4.观点阐述段

5.观点结论段

6.展望未来段

7.漫画/图表描述段

8.…

9.引言解释段

三、八大功能段

（一）现象/问题描述功能段（三选一）

1、In recent years, ............................. is becoming more and more popular at an amazing rate.

2、Along with the development of society, more and more questions are brought to our attention, one of the most serious problems is that............................

3、?

4、Recently, ...................................... has attracted much attention of society, which can be found in TV programs, newspaper and many aspects of our daily life.

（二）分析原因功能段

1、总原因的阐述（三选一）

（1）A number of factors lead to this situation.

（2）The answer to this question includes many factors.

（3）There are many factors, which can account for the phenomenon/problem.

2、分析原因的功能句（一般三个原因即可）

（1）&

（2）One of the most common factors is............................................................ (Firstly)

（3）Another cause is............................................................................. .........(And then,)

（4）But the fundamental element is ..................................................................(Finally)

（三）解决问题功能段（总-分-总）

(1)For another, people are supposed to get ready to the seriousness of the problems, and we should try our best to cope with these problems as well.

1、措施主题句（三选一）

(1)Confronted with the problem, we should take a series of measures to cope with the situation.

(2)】

(3)In view of the problems of ..........., effective measures should be taken.

(4)It is high time that we took/should take some measures to cope with these problems。

2、分措施

(1)For one thing, government ought to set up some regulations to...................................

(2)For another, people should get ready to realize the seriousness of this problem. And people ought to take measures to solve the problem, such as....................................................................

）

3、解决问题总结局（三选一）

(1)All in all, if we continue to ignore the problems, more problems will crop up. Therefore, we ought to take measures to solve these problems right now.

(2)In conclusion, I believe that the problems will be solved completely if we try our best to cope with the problems.

(3)All in all, with the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved in the near future.

)

（四）观点阐述功能段

1、观点主题句（三选一）

(1) People hold/have/take different attitudes towards.........................................................

(2)People have different opinions on this question.

(3)People take different views on the question.

2、观点1

《

According to a survey, some people are in favor of .........................................., because they argue that + 支持的原因

3、观点2

However, others take different opinions on this topic, in that they believe that + 反对的原因

4、我的观点

From my point of view, I think + 自己的观点. And the reason is that + 我的原因|

（五）观点结论功能段

For all I have said, I agree to the thought that........................................................................... .(我对文章中观点的看法)

（六）展望未来功能段

.................... is important for us. With its magic power, it can not only + 好处1, but plays a leading part in + 好处2.

（七）漫画/图表描述功能段

1.According to the figure/number/statistics/chart/picture, it can be seen that + 漫画/图表的主题.

2.|

3.As is shown/described in the picture, + 主题.

（八）引语解释功能段（二选一）

1.There is an old saying + 谚语. It is the experience of our forefathers. And it is correct in many cases even today.

2.It is well-known to us that the old saying/proverb:“谚语”is of great significance for us to learn many things from it.

四、作文类型及相应段落

1、）

2、现象解释类作文

第一段：描述现象，引出话题

（现象描述功能段）

第二段：阐述正反观点

（观点描述功能句：总-分-总）

第三段：总结观点

（观点总结功能段）

3、解决问题类作文

第一段：描述问题

（问题描述功能段）

第二段：分析问题的原因

（分析原因功能段）

第三段：解决问题的措施

（解决问题功能段）

4、对比观点类作文

第一段：话题总结+观点主题句

；

（现象描述功能段+观点阐述功能段--1）第二段：正方观点+理由，反方观点+理由

（观点阐述功能段）

第三段：我的观点

5.应用文（求职信、辞职信、建议信等）

（1）格式（称呼，结尾）

（2）写作目的

（3）写作内容

，

巩固练习

1.习近平主席最近在一次讲话中提到年轻人不要熬夜。某英语报以Don’t Stay Up Late

为题向中学生征文。请你根据以下内容要求用英语写一篇短文应征。内容包括:1. 熬夜的情况；2.熬夜的负面影响；3.你的看法。

注意：

1.根据提示内容可适当展开，使行文连贯；

2.短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；

3.文中不能出现考生的具体信息；

4.~

5.词数：120左右。

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Don’t Stay Up Late

Our school has regular rest hours for students.

范文鉴赏

Don’t Stay Up Late

Our school has regular rest hours for students. However, we can often see many students do their lessons or other things after the bed time. They usually stay up until midnight.

Teenagers need enough sleep daily. Staying up late may do harm to health. It can also make students late for class or sleepy in class. Thus, they miss something they should have learned.

It’s blameless to stay up once in a while if we do have to take up our rest time for some urgent deeds, but don’t make it a habit. President Xi recently advised young people not to stay up late, which we should bear in mind. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. We really need to make a change to the unhealthy lifestyle so as to ensure our rest time.

2.假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Jim Smith打算参加央视举办的“汉语桥(Chinese Bridge)”大赛。请根据下表内容用英语给Jim写一封信，介绍相关情况。

注意：

1. 100词左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

How are you recently

Yours,

Li Hua 范文鉴赏

One possible version:

Dear Jim,

How are you recently

I’m glad to hear that you are going to take part in the contest, the Chinese Bridge, which is to be held on August 10th this year. This contest is for non-native Chinese speakers only. The competitors will show their talents in listening, speaking, reading and writing, as well as in traditional Chinese culture and skills, like the Chinese calligraphy, painting, martial art or paper cutting.

Be sure to sign up for the contest before the end of May. You still have a lot of time to practice before the contest starts.

I do hope you will get a result in the competition. Good luck!

Yours,

Li Hua