2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题15-《名词性从句》
专题十四名词性从句
重难点分析
名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点，也是热点。名词性从句相当于名词，可作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句（见下表）。
一、主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主语谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。如：
Who will go is not important. 谁将去不是重要的。
1. it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子每一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。如：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. (主语从句) 你没去看电影真是遗憾。
It is in the morning that the murder took place. （强调句）谋杀案发生的时间是在早晨。
2. 用it作形式主语的结构
2. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
二、宾语从句
宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
注意：that引导的从句常跟在某些形容词后作宾语，如：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, gald, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, content等。也可将此类词后的从句看作是原因状语从句。
三、表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的引导词that一般不省略。另外，常用的含有表语从句的结构还有“The reason is that…”，“It is because…”，“That’s why…”等。如：The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 他上学迟到的原因是他错过了早班车。
四、同位语从句
同位语从句是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
五、whether, if引导名词性从句的区别
注意：doubt作“怀疑”解，后接宾语从句时，如主句是肯定的，宾语从句用whether或if引导，如主句是否定，宾语从句只能用that引导。如：
I doubt whether/if he is fit for the job. 我怀疑他是否胜任这份工作。
I don’t doubt that he can do it very well. 他能把它做好，我不怀疑。
考点练透
一、单句填空用适当的连词填空，补全下列句子。
1. I can’t decide dictionary I would buy.
2. That’s he refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested in he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.
4. we need is more time.
5. The fact she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.
6. and they will meet has not been decided yet.
7. Please tell me you are waiting for.
8. Is that you are looking for?
9. Would you please tell me the nearest post office is?
10. I don’t know he will agree to the plan or not.
11. is done cann’t be undone.
12. Take care you don’t make mistakes in the coming exam.
13. To his surprise, the umbrella was not he had put.
14. we can’t get seems better than we have.
15. he is willing to come is not important.
16. they are most interested in is they can produce more and better cars.
17. It doesn’t matter I rest or not.
18. I have will be yours sooner or later.
19. I think it is you are eating too much.
20. Can you make sure Alice has put the gold necklace?
21. —Do you remember he came?
—Yes, I do. He came by train.
22. Mother asked me was wrong with me.
23. they have won the game made us excited.
24. he says in his report is a very interesting question.
25. That is he failed to arrive on time.
二、语篇填空根据短文意思用适当的词填空。
I don’t know 1 you have noticed 2 some students don’t want to walk to school. It can be seen every day 3 their parents drive them to school. But nowadays, it should be brought to our notice 4 the air is seriously polluted. 5 can we do about it? Here I have a suggestion 6 we should ride on our bike to school! 7 we can do it will not only have significant benefits for our health, 8 also help improve our environment. 9 we will have a better environment depends on 10 we can do for ourselves and for nature.
三、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(improve) relationship with others, you need to be aware of several sensible ways to complain. To begin with, you need to be specific. Don’t say, “Boy,did you act like 2 fool at the party?” Instead, say, “You embarrassed me by getting drunk and
(offend) jokes to my parents.” Secondly, stick to the present. Don’t mention old offences 4 are
from last month or last year. 5 doing this, you take away attention from the problem at hand. Moreover,
(create) anger and hurt any chance of getting the person to really listen to 8 . A last point to remember is to complain privately. Never criticize the other person in front of friends, parents, children, or anyone else for that matter.
(criticize) and makes 10 very likely that the person will want to attack you orally rather than listen to you.
助读词汇
sensible adj. 明智的specific adj. 具体的
offence n. 冒犯insult n. 侮辱
privately adv. 私下地shame vt. 使丢脸
orally adv. 口头上interpersonal relationship 人际关系
参考答案
考点练透
一、单句填空
1. which
2. why
3. how
4. What
5. that
6. When; where
7. whom(m)
8. what
9. where 10. whether 11. What 12. that 13. where 14. What; what 15. Whether 16. What; how 17. whether 18. Whatever 19. because 20. where 21. how 22. what 23. That 24. What 25. why
二、语篇填空
1. whether
2. that
3. that
4. that
5. What
6. that
7. That
8. but
9. Whether 10. what
三、语法填空
一直抱怨对人际关系是一种损害。对此，本文作者告诉我们如何明智地进行抱怨。
1. to improve 作目的状语用动词不定式。
2. a 不定冠词的基本用法，a在此意为“一个(笨蛋)”。
3. offensive 形容词修饰名词。offensive意为“攻击性的、冒犯性的”。
4. which 此处which引导定语从句，修饰先行词old offences，并在从句中作主语。
此处理应是表“通过这么做，你就可以……”，故填介词By最合适。注意首字母要大写。
6. when 空后是两个分句，填连接词。根据上下语境和句意可知，此处理应是个时间状语从句，故填when。
7. will create 常用句型If sb…, sb. will …。
8. you 缺少介词宾语填代词，根据上下语境和前面的主语you可知此处填宾语you。
9. being criticized 分析句子成分可知，动词criticize在此作非谓语动词。而criticize与逻辑主语the person 却存在被动关系，故考虑现在分词形式。但根据上下语境和句意可知，此处理应是指“这会使那个正在被批评的人非常丢脸”才对，故填being criticized作后置定语为最佳答案。此题较难。
10. it 此处it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。