初中英语语法专题讲义：句子结构

语法：句子结构

课题：初中英语中的句子结构

重点：句子的结构成分

难点：分析并列句和复合句中的各个成分

一、以练习导入课

【Practice】引导学生自己解释所考知识点

1.--- Excuse me, could you tell me ________ ?

---- It will leave at 4:00 p.m.

A.how will you go to Shanghai

B.how you will go to Shanghai

C.when will the bus leave for Shanghai

D.when the bus will leave for Shanghai

2.Could you tell me ________ ?

A.what is your job

B.what your job is

C.your job is what

D.what was your job

3.--- Could you tell us how long ________ ? ---About three years.

A.does the sports meeting last

B.the sports meeting will last

C.the sports meeting last

D.will the sports meeting last

4.I'm not sure ______ Mr Wang is coming or not.

A. that

B.about

C.of

D.whether

5. --- I don't know _____ he will come tomorrow.

--- Don't worry. ______ he comes, I'll let you know.

A.whether; If

B.if ; Whether

C.when; Whether

D.that; If

6. Jane didn't go to school today, but no one knew _________ .

A.what had happened to her

B.what has happened to her

C.what's the matter with her

D.how was she

7. I don't mind ______ they will come.

A.if or not

B.whether nor not

C.whether or no

D.if or no

总结：

【Student can sum up the knowledge points】简单句、并列句和复合句1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。

2) 并列句：相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。

【句型】简单句+并列连词+简单句

【分类】1、连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等

连接。

e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.

2、表选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。

e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.

3、表转折，常用的连词有but, still, yet, while, when等。

e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

4、表因果，常用的连词有so, for,since，because，because of ，as等。

e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.

3）复合句：主句+从句。即含有一个或一个以上从句的句子

从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。

【句型】主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句

e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

二、本节课知识讲解

句子基本结构(5种)

1) 主语+谓语(S+V)

2) 主语+连系动词+表语(S+L+P)

3) 主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)

4) 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)

5) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(S+V+O+C)

【句子成分】包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、同位语和插入语。即：

（定语）主语（同位语）+（状语）谓语+（定语）宾语（同位语）+（宾补）（状语）

（一）主语(Subject)：一般位于句首，在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后，由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：

1. American country music has become more and more popular.

2.We often speak English in class.

3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.

4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.

5.Smoking does harm to the health.

6.The rich should help the poor.

7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.

8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.

（二）谓语：谓语一般是动词、动词短语以及复合动词

1）回顾动词分类：（引导学生自己总结）

助动词

情态动词

实义动词

系动词（be动词）

2）谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。

(三）表语(Predicative)说明主语性质、特征、状态与身份，位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：

1.Our teacher of English is an American.

2.Is it yours?

3.The weather has turned cold.

4.The speech is exciting.

5.Three times seven is twenty one?

6.His job is to teach English.

7.His hobby is playing football.

8.The meeting is of great importance.

9.Time is up. The class is over.

10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.

1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词

2）持续系动词表示继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand 3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look

4）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste,

5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run 6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"结果是;证明是" （四）宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：

1.He is doing his homework.

2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.

3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.

4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.

5.He pretended not to see me.

6.I enjoy listening to popular music.