英语专四dictation各类符号的使用情况
逗号
1）用在并列连词连接的两个并列词句之间，连词可说出，也可省略。Eg. I can read light, serious, amusing, or profound works of English authors.(词)
You can meet him at church, at school, or on the street. （短语）
He was tired, so he took a rest. （并列分句）
2）如果两个相似结构共有一个宾语，逗号需要用在第二个结构前后。Eg. He depends on, and is trusted by, his uncle.
3）用在插入语前后。
a. 用在yes, no, sure, personally, probably, certainly, usually 或in general, in the first place, in my opinion, in any case, as a matter of fact, strictly speaking 这类修饰语之后。
b. 用在furthermore, similarly, accordingly, anyway, otherwise, above all, in the same way, in other words, in contrast 之后。
4）用在句子开头的分词（短语之后）
Eg. The thief, seeing the police, began to run away
Plants, with enough water and sunshine, will grow fast.
5）用在句末非限制性（解释性）分词（带状语性质）前面。
Eg. He sat in a chair, reading papers.
6）用在呼语后面或前面（呼语在句中时，前后都要用）
Eg. John, come here. / Come here, John.
What, John, are you doing?
7）用在主从句之前（非限定性定语从句）
8）用在直接引语前。
9）用在状语从句之后，主句之前。（主句在前，状语从句在后，一般不用逗号）
10）用在较长的主语和它的谓语之间。
11）用在同位语前/后。
12）用在省略句中，和分号一起表示某些复杂的词已被省略。
Eg. John has one; Mary, two. ==== John has one, Mary two.
13）用在倒装句中，倒装部分之后。
Eg. That man, I have known for many years.
分号
1）把没有连词连接而意思上都有联系的句子连接起来。（可用句号，但句号使意思断开，可用逗号，但是力量弱，无连词不足以把两句意思拉在一起）
Eg. He is a clever fellow; even his enemy admits it.
2）把每部包含有逗号的两个句子连在一起。（此时不宜用逗号）Eg. Dick is a generous, large-hearted person; but John, Mary and some of his friends are selfish people.
3）用在后面跟有逗号的连接词之前。
Eg. He studies hard; moreover, he has to work for his living.
4）用在两个并列从句或两个短语之间，（此时也可用逗号，但对比性较弱）
Eg. That depends upon who do it; how they do it; and when.
冒号
1）. 用在一个严肃的长的引语前（短的、及非正式的文体里，引语一般用逗号）
Eg. Bacon said: “Reading makes a full man…..”
2）. 用在正式信函的称呼语后（非正式信函称呼后用逗号）
3）. 用在总称之后，后面跟列举。
Eg. He has many books: Hamlet, Paradise Lost, Gone with the Wind, and others.
4）用在列举后，后面跟总称。
Eg. The sea, the sky, the ship: these are all I see.
5）用在表示著作、时间等词语内，把较大和较小的单位分开。Eg. 6:35 a.m.
6）用在比例中。
Eg. 1:3:8 (the ratio of one to three to eight)
7）用在正标题和副标题之间。
破折号
1）用来表示句子没说完。
Eg. I think so, but—.
2）用在列举后面及总括性词如（these, such, all）之前。
Eg. Corn, fruits, vegetables—these are daily food.
3）用来表示不同的人说话。
4）用在一个重复性同位语（又加上修饰语的前面或后面）
Eg. It was a race—a race against time.
His son—his only son—died.
5）用在一个名词及其同位语从句之前。
Eg. Nobody can answer his question—when can we be happy and free?
连字符
1）下面的合成词需用连字符。
a. 合成名词
adj. + n. sick-pay, deaf-aid
adj. + n. + er left-hander, two-timer
v. + adv. Walk-up. Look-in
n. + n. poet-artist, fellow-traveler
b. 合成形容词
adj. + n. + ed good-natured, one-sided
adj. + adj. red-hot, stony-cold
adj. + pp. private-owned, new-made
n. + pp. time-honored
c. 包含两个词以上的合成形容词seven-year-old, science-fiction-like 2）较长前缀后常加连字符，如anti-, counter-. 但要注意，return, recover, reform 与re-turn, re-cover, re-form 意思不同。
大写
1）句子的大写。
a. 完整句子第一个词的首字母大写。
b. 直接引语中第一个词的首字母大写。
c. 在动词be后的完整句子的第一个词要大写。
Eg. The rule is: Start where you are and begin with what you have.
The result was: Two out of the twenty students passed.
d. 在一系列问题中，如每个问句都有问号，则每句开头都大写；如只有最后一句有问号，则只有开头一句大写。
Eg. What is it? Where does it come from? How can we get it?
2）诗歌每一行第一个词首字母大写。
3）作品的标题
a. 除了标题中的a, the, and, or, to 等，及四个字母以下（单音节介词）的介词外，标题中所有的词首字母都要大写，以上词要是放在开头，也要大写。
4）书信开头称呼及末尾的客套语
5）人名，地名，头衔。如: Professor Wu
6）对某人的亲切称呼。如：Mother, Mummy
7）专有名词及组织机构的名称要大写。
8）著名事件（历史上或现代的）名称。the Second World War
9）时间名称Eg. Moday, September 26, 2009
题目实训
1.My opinion is ：Nobody thinks himself a bad man.
2. To work ,to sleep , and to play ：all these are essential things in life.
3. Yiching : the Philosophy of Change.
4. He is content ；he lives happily.
5. He has three wives : one; who married him 20 years ago ,a second; who was a rich widow ；the third, who has already married five times.
6. He has squandered all his wealth ；therefore ,he has to beg his bread.
7. We know that country life is more quiet than city life ;that is more healthful ; that it is happier.
8. I thought --- Did you see John？
9. I --I -- I -- don’t -- don’t -- know。
10. These three poets --Byron ，Shelley ，Keats-- are good friends
11. They ignored his request --that everyone must be punctual。
12. He wrote a letter ，spoke with John ，listened to the report -- all at the same time。
13. He likes books ，travels ，pictures -- and money。
14. To be or not to be ，that is the question. Hamlet.
15. Jimmy ，I must say ，shouldn’t listen to the rumour 。
16. I do everything ；in addition ，I must not complain。
17. To earn more money ，the boy worked harder。
18. That city has been lost to the enemy ，was true。
19. John ，my brother；William Shakespeare ，the greatest poet of England；London，the capital of England。
20. Outside，the streets are wet 。
21. Such boys as you，are not to be found elsewhere。
22. The war ，is over ，I am glad to say。
23. John is a young man ，honest ，kind and intelligent。
24. I asked a boy ，who kept silent。
25. I asked the boy who kept silent 。
英语专四历年听写文本
历年英语专业四级考试听力听写原文（1994年-2007年） The American Family (1994) The concept of family life has changed considerably over the years. / In earliest times, several generations lived together in clans, / which consisted of all living descendents and their husbands or wives. / These clans were almost totally self-sufficient, / every member contributing in some way toward the survival of the group. / The men hunted and fished for food or sometimes maintained flocks of sheep or goats. / The women baked bread and roasted the meat their men provided. / Special members of the community were selected to make products like pottery, baskets and home weapons. / But with the development of greater varieties of food, clothing and shelter, / a single clan could no longer develop all the individual skills the group required. / Clans merged into larger societies and at the same time broke into smaller units consisting of married couples and their children. / Later the Industrial Revolution brought about even more important changes in family life. / New inventions brought shorter working hours for men and easier housekeeping routines for women. / Today a productive family life suggests not the group's cooperative efforts of working together, / but the pleasant and meaningful sharing of its leisure. Unidentified Flying Objects (1995) There are many explanations for why UFOs visit the Earth. / The most popular one is that they maybe visitors from other planets./ To fly such aircraft, their builders must develop different forms of aviation,/because they seem to fly much faster than normal aircraft./ The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists/ from other planets who are studying life on earth./ It is even believed that several such aircraft may have landed on earth/ and the space visitors may be living amongst us./ But there are also less fantastic explanations available./ Although some sightings of UFOs are difficult to explain, most can be explained quite easily./ In many cases the observers might have made a mistake./ They might have seen a weather balloon or an aircraft./ Or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground,/ reflected on to the clouds./ However, the exact cause of many sightings still remained a mystery. The Indian Medicine Man (1996) Among the Indians of North America, the medicine man was a very important person. He could cure illness and he could speak to the spirits. The spirits were the supernatural forces that controlled the world. The Indians believed that bad spirits made people ill. So when people were ill, the medicine man tried to help them by using magic. He spoke to the good spirits and asked for their help. Many people were cured, because they thought the spirits were helping them, but really these people cured themselves. Sometimes your own mind is the best doctor for you. The medicine men were often successful for another reason, too. They knew about plants that really can cure illness. A lot of medicines are made from the plants that were used by medicine men hundred of years ago. Legal Age for Marriage (1997)
英语中标点符号的使用方法
英语标点符号的使用——省略号和撇号 一、省略号（...） 省略号主要用两种用途： 1. 表示省略。如： Peel some oranges, bananas ...剥一些桔子、香蕉…… 2. 表示迟疑或犹豫。如： He said hesitatingly, "I ... I ... I ... don't ... like it." 他迟疑地说，“我……我……我不……喜欢它。” 二、撇号（'） 撇号主要有以下用法： 1. 表示单词中的省略。如： Don't write on the wall. 不要在墙上写字。 I've learned English for 3 years. 我已经学了三年英语。 2. 用于名词所有格。如： That is James's sister. 那是詹姆士的妹妹。 The girls' clothes are in the locker. 女孩子们的衣服在立柜里。 3. 表示数学、符号、字母或词形本身的复数。如： He got many A's during this final exam. 他在期末考试中得了很多A。 英语标点符号的使用——逗点 1. 逗点用于分隔一系列的简单内容，如：I will go to Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen. 2. 逗点用于修饰名词的多个形容词之间，如：a small, fancy bike 3. 逗点用于连接两个较长的独立子句，而且每个句子的主语不同，如：The Grizzlies were out of timeouts, and Miller missed a desperation 3-pointer as time expired. 4. 逗点用于关联的子句之间，如：Since he's your younger brother, please take care of him. 5. 逗点用于一个较长的修饰短语之后，如：In the middle of the coldest winter on record, the pipes froze. 6. 逗点用于直接引用的句子之前，如Mary said, "Let's go fishing."（注意：这里说的和上面提及的冒号在直接引语中的使用不一样。如果是引用比较正式的发言讲话就要用冒号，一般情况下就用逗点。） 如果句中含有间接引用就不需要逗点，如：Mary said we should go fishing. 在反问句之前要使用逗点，如：He worked very hard, didn't he？
英文标点符号使用方法
英文标点符号使用方法 文章简介:英文标点符号的使用 句点(FullStop/Period，“.”)问号(QuestionMark，“,”)感叹号(ExclamationMark，“!”)逗点(Comma，“,”)冒号(Colon，“:”)分号(Semicolon，“;”)连字符(Hyphen，“-”)连接号(EnDash，“–”)破折号(EmDash，“—”)括号(Parentheses，小括号“()”;中括号“[]”;大括号“{}…英文标点符号的使用句点(FullStop/Period，“.”)问号(QuestionMark，“,”)感叹号(ExclamationMark，“!”)逗点(Comma，“,”)冒号(Colon，“:”)分号(Semicolon，“;”)连字符(Hyphen，“-”)连接号(EnDash，“–”)破折号(EmDash，“—”)括号(Parentheses，小括号“()”;中括号“[]”;大括号“{}”)引号(QuotationMarks，双引号““”;单引号“‘”)缩写及所有格符号(Apostrophe，“‘”) 一、.句点1.句点用于当一句话完全结束时。2.句点也可以用于英文单词的缩写，如Mrs.,Dr.,P.S.等。但要注意的是当缩写的字母形成了一个单词的时候就不要使用句点。如IBM,DNA等。 二、,问号问号要用在一个直接的问句，而不是间接的。如Howwillyousolvetheproblem,是正确的用法，但用在 Iwonderhowyouwillsolvetheproblem,就不对了，应该使用句点而不是问号。 另外，在客气的用语中，也是用句点而不是问号.如Willyoupleasegivemeacalltomorrow. 三、!感叹号感叹号用于感叹和惊叹的陈述中，在商业写作中要 注意感叹号的应用，因为不恰当的使用会显得突兀及不稳重。 四、;分号1.与中文一样，分号用于分隔地位平等的独立子句。
英语专四听力dictation
Digital cameras According to a standard definition, a digital camera is a camera that produces digital images that can be stored in a computer, displayed on a screen and printed. Years ago, people used to possess two different devices in order to take pictures and make videos. The creation of digital cameras was motivated mainly by two factors. First, need to spare space. Second make it more comfortable for people to do both things with higher quality results. the multi-functionalism of digital cameras and combination of several devices in one make it a popular choice for a modern man. For years a digital camera has been unaffordable for many families. However, the variety of digital cameras and various prices nowadays make it possible for almost every single family to buy a digital camera. With increasingly fierce competition, the digital camera manufactures satisfy customers with lower prices but best quality standards. The migration of birds The most obvious feature of birds is that they can fly. This facility gives them great mobility and control over their movements. Many species can travel quickly and economically over long distances, up to thousands of kilometers, if necessary, crossing seas, deserts or other inhospitable areas. They also have great orientation and navigational skills and are able to remember and re-find remote places they have previously visited. Birds can thereby occupy widely separated areas at different seasons, returning repeatedly to the same localities from year to year. Although migration is evident in other animal groups, including insects, mammals and fish, in none is it as widely and well-developed as in birds. The collective travel routes of birds span almost the entire planet. As a result of migration, birds’ distributions are continually changing on regular seasonal patterns and on local, regional or global scales. Benefits of becoming a teacher Becoming a teacher gives you a chance to spend a major portion of your day with children or youngsters. With kids around, you are a part of their world of innocence and purity. It indeed creates a healthy work environment for you. On becoming a teacher, you get a chance to be with children, laughing with them, think their way and enjoy their innocent, silly and hopefully naughty behavior. Apart from this, the nature of your job is that you do not work on weekends and you get your share of holidays. Becoming a teacher entitles you for receiving private scholarships and sponsorships for teaching programs. However, one of the most important benefits of becoming a teacher is that teachers contribute to the shaping of the future generations. They make a difference to society by playing a vital role in nurturing young minds. British and American police officers Real policemen both in Britain and the U.S. hardly recognize any common points between their lives and what they see on TV, if they ever get home in time. Some
英语写作中标点符号的正确使用
英语写作中标点符号的正确使用 2008-05-30 11:16 来源：互联网作者：佚名 [打印] [评论] 跟汉语写作一样，标点符号在英语书面表达中同样表示句子与句子之间和句子成分之间的关系，从而使所表达的内容清楚明白,使读者容易理解。常用到的标点符号主要有以下几种： 句号 . 一般用于句尾，表示一句话说完后的停顿，主要用于陈述句，以及一些缩略词中。 如： Knowledge comes from practice. 知识来自实践。 Mr., No.等 逗号 , 较多使用于句中，表示短促的停顿。如： He comes in, found a seat, sat down and began to listen carefully. 他进来，找了个位子，坐下，开始认真听起来。 问号 ? 用在各种疑问句句尾，以及一些表示强调的祈使句句尾。 如：What would you prefer, coffee or tea? 你想要点什么，咖啡还是茶？ Be quiet, please! 大家请安静！ 惊叹号 ! 主要用在感叹句句尾。 如：What an honest boy Joe is! 分号 ; 表示停顿，这一停顿比逗号长，同时要比句号短。一般用于连接两个意思相关的分句。
如： It was getting dark; we must leave at once. 天快黑了，我们得马上走。 冒号 : 一般用于直接引语前，列举事项及解释前文。 如：Mum said to us: “you must go to bed before 10:00p.m.” 妈妈对我们说：“你们十点以前必须上床睡觉。” There are three things I like most: reading, playing the piano and surfing on the Internet. 我最喜欢的事情有三件：读书、弹钢琴、上网。 We learn foreign language for a clear purpose: to learn more 引号“” 用于直接引语，引用别人说过的话，及书名、剧句等，此外还用在一个词或者短语两端，引起注意，表示强调。 如：She said: “I have called you, but you were out.” 她说，“我给你打过电话，可你不在家。” I have seen the film “ Waterloo Bridge” twice. 电影《魂断蓝桥》我看过两次。 How do you spell the word “dollar”? “dollar”这个词怎么拼？ 破折号 --- 一般用于解释前文， 如：The suggestions---both Li Ming’s and mine were accepted. 李明和我的建议都被接受了。
英语标点符号的使用方法
英语标点符号的使用方法 标点符号虽然小，惹出事情真不少。因为用错了标点符号或是点错地方而造成的歧异和纠纷也不少。这次我们就来看看标点符号都该怎幺用吧。 ?句号Period [.] 用以表示一个句子的结束Hockey is a popular sport in Canada. The federal government is based in Ottawa. 用在缩写中 B.C. is the province on the West Coast. Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China. The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto. It is 4：00 p.m. in Halifax right now. 2. 问号Question Mark [？] 在句子的结尾使用问号表示是直接疑问句：How many provinces are there in Canada？注意：在间接疑问句结尾不要加问号The teacher asked the class a question. Don’t ask me why. 3. 叹号Exclamation Mark [！] 在句子的结尾使用叹号表示惊讶、兴奋等情绪We won the Stanley Cup！The forest is on fire！4. 逗号Comma [，] 句子中的停顿：Therefore，we should write a letter to the prime minister. 在疑问句中引出说话人：“I can come today，” she said，”but not tomorrow.” 排列三个或以上的名词：Ontario，Quebec，and B.C. are the three biggest provinces. 引出定语从句：Emily Carr，who was born in 1871，was a great painter. 5. 单引号Apostrophe [’] 表示所有：This is David’s computer. These are the player’s things. （things that belong to the player）Note：对于复数形式的名词，只加’ These are the players’ things. （things that belong to the players）缩写I don’t know how to fix it. ?
专四dictation原文(1993—2012)
Package Holidays (1993) Package holidays, covering a two weeks' stay in an attractive place, are increasingly popular. Once you get to the airport, it is up to the tour operator to see that you get safely to your destination．Everything is laid on for you．There is, in fact, no reason for you to bother to arrange anything yourselves．You make friends and have a good time. But there is very little chance that you will really get to know the local people．This is even less likely on a coach tour, when you spend almost your entire time traveling．Of course, there are carefully planned stops for you to visit historic buildings and monuments. You may visit the beautiful, the historic, the ancient. But time is always short．There is also the added disadvantage of being obliged to spend you holiday with a group of people you have never met before． The American Family (1994) The American family unit is changing. There used to be mainly two types of families, the extended and the nuclear. The former included mother, father, children, and some other relatives such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Then as the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people began moving to different parts of the country in order to search for job opportunities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family consisting of only parents and children has therefore become far more wide spread. Today’s family, however, can be composed of diverse combinations. With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there's an increase in single-parent homes—a father or mother living with one or more children. Blended families occur when divorced men and women remarry and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, there is an increase in childless couples while one in rive Americans lives alone. Unidentified Flying Objects (1995) There are many explanations for why UFOs visit the Earth. / The most popular one is that they maybe visitors from other planets./ To fly such aircraft, their builders must develop different forms of aviation,/because they seem to fly much faster than normal aircraft./ The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists/ from other planets who are studying life on earth./ It is even believed that several such aircraft may have landed on earth/ and the space visitors may be living amongst us./ But there are also less fantastic explanations available./ Although some sightings of UFOs are difficult to explain, most can be explained quite easily./ In many cases the observers might have made a mistake./ They might have seen a weather balloon or an aircraft./ Or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground,/ reflected on to the clouds./ However, the exact cause of many sightings still remained a mystery. The Indian Medicine Man (1996) Among the Indians of North America, the medicine man was a very important person. He could cure illness and he could speak to the spirits. The spirits were the supernatural forces that controlled the world. The Indians believed that bad spirits made people ill. So when people were ill, the medicine man tried to help them by using magic. He spoke to the good spirits and asked for their help. Many people were cured, because they thought the spirits were helping them, but really these people cured themselves. Sometimes your own mind is the best doctor for you. The medicine men were often successful for another reason, too. They knew about plants that really can cure illness. A lot of medicines are made from the plants that were used by medicine men
英语标点符号的使用
英语标点符号的使用冒号 冒号是一个补充、连贯的符号，被用来引起读者注意下文。冒号多用于正式而庄重的话题中，具体用法如下： 1. 列出表示列举、解释或说明性的词语。如： His favourite foods are as follows: apple pie, fruit juice, and chocolate. 他喜欢的食物有下列东西：如苹果派，果汁和巧克力。 2. 引出较长的正式引语或大段引语。如： In his most famous speech, he said: all men are created equal and must enjoy the equal rights that are given by God. 在他最著名的演讲中，他说：人生来是平等的，必须享受上帝所赋予的平等权利。 3. 用于时与分之间、比率数之间。如： The train is to leave at 7:20. 火车7:20开。 The proportion of men to women is 3:5. 男人与女人的比例是3:5。 英语标点符号的使用破折号 破折号是用来加强语气的符号，往往起到冒号，分号或逗号的作用。其用法如下： 1. 用于解释性插入语之前。如：
Give your secretary what she needs－pencil, paper and a good typewriter. 给你的秘书她所想要的东西——铅笔、纸和一台好的打字机。 2. 表示说话突然中断、意思突然转换或犹豫不决。如： “I'd like to,” he said, “but－”“我想”，他说，“但是——” “Well－it's hard to explain.”“嗯――这很难解释。” 3. 引出被强调的词语。如： The only person that he admires is－Churchill. 他只钦佩一个人――丘吉尔。 4. 分隔非限定性修饰语、同位语或附加成分的词语。如： He is the exact person ―the person that I expected. 他就是那个人――我要找的人。 5. 表示概括性词语。如： English, Chinese and maths－all these are the subjects that he should study. 英语、语文、数学――所有这些都是他该学的科目。 6. 表示引文出处。如： I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. －Winston Churchill
英语专业四级听写50篇(完整版)
英语专业四级听写50篇 前言 听写在英语专业四级统考中占有15％的比重，是考试的重要组成部分。 说起听写，正在准备和已经参加过英语专业四级考试的同学会说： “我能明白听写的内容，可写的时候就是跟不上！”“短文大意我明白，可是有的语我不 会写。” 这只反映出了问题的两个方面。一是听写速度不够快。二是词汇量不够或词汇掌握得不够准确。这些无疑是影响听写成绩的重要因素。但是，这些不是问题的全部。在从事听写教学及听写问卷过程中，很容易发现学生失分的具体问题： （1）没听懂，没听好，听写速度跟不上，写出的内容断断续续不连贯，学生因此大量失分； （2）有的词汇没听懂，拼写不够准确，这导致听写失分； （3）时态错误导致失分； （4）单复数不准确导致失分； （5）没有注意断句或专有名词，句子开头单词或专有名词错误使用大小写导致失分； （6）没有注意原文冠词的使用，书写时漏掉冠词导 致失分； （7）没有注意单数第三人称形式导致失分； （8）没有注意单数复数名词的形式导致失分。 上述问题的产生有的是缺乏训练造成的，如书写速度跟不上。有的则是语言基础较 差造成的，如听力较差没有完全听懂或没有掌握好词汇。而单复数、大小写、冠词漏写 等则多是粗心大意造成的。 听写部分能提高吗？ 当然能！而且提高的空间很大。 笔者从事英语专业基础教学与研究，从一开始所带的教学班参加四级考试超过全国 院校平均通过率28．2个百分点，超过全国专业外语院校平均通过率12．5个百分点开始，所带的教学班在全国英语专业④级统考中通过率始终ito％，平均成绩、优秀率始终名列 前茅。最近一次所带的教学班参加四级统考，又考出了很好的成绩，通过率超过全国院 校平均水平26石个百分点，超过全国专业外语院校13．6个百分点，而且在十几个平行 班中平均成绩是最高的，优秀人数也是最多的。在四级考试中，听写一项的成绩也不例外，每次均位居第一，本项目满分15分，所带班级平均成绩能够达到14分。 是不是学生基础很好？统计表明，和平行班相比所带班级入学时并不存在什么特别 优势。 教学经验表明，听写成功的关键是训练方法和体现训练方法的训练材料。 听写训练过程中无论是老师还是学生都有必要注意以下几点： 二．扭握淤轿肘虚度大纲要求第一遍用正常速
(完整版)历年英语专四听力真题答案和原文.doc
2000 年专四听力答案 PART I DICTATION What We Know About Language Many things about language are a mystery and will remain so. / However, we now do know something about it. / First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. / No human race anywhere on earth is so backward / that it has no language of its own at all. /Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. / There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, / but the languages they speak are by no means primitive. / In all the languages existing in the world today,/ there are complexities that must have been developed for years. / Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate./ Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. /And finally, we know that language changes over time, / which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. / The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead. PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A CONVERSATIONS Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. M:Jill,have you registered with the next semester? W:Not yet, there's still something that I'm not sure. Do you know if Professor Smith's economics 102 is still available to all undergraduate students? M:No, I don't think so. Last semester I tried to register in that course but all the other people told me not to. W:Why not? M:They said that my lack of knowledge in higher mathematics might be an obstacle in understanding Professor Smith's theory. W:Really? M:(I ) Jack tqld me that Professor Smith usually uses lots of formulas inside class. So you'd better make sure that you are extremely familiar with these formulas if you are seriously considering taking his course. W:What a shame I (2)My friends all told me that Professor Smith has lots of original ideas and he really can stimulate students to think. But I don't think I have the mathematical skills to keep up with the others. M:lf you want to take the course so much, why don't you register in a course in higher mathematics first? W. But I'm afraid that I will miss Professor Smith's course when I finish the mathematics course. M:Hey, I heard that Professor Smith would give the same course in the semester that starts next fall. ( 3 ) Why don't you take a year's higher mathematics and register in economics 102 the next fall? W:That sounds a good idea. I. [ B] 推断题。根据 ''They said that my lack of knowledge in higher mathematics might be an obstacle in understanding Professor Smith's theory. 可知，缺少高等数学知识会阻碍理解史密斯 教授的理论，所以学习经济学需要有高等数学知识，因而[ B]项伟正确答案。 2. [D] 细节题。文中提到 ''My friends all told me that Professor Smith has lots of original ideas and he really stimulate students to think. ”由此可知，史密斯教授有很很多新颖的观点，斌且