第四章 分句、合句法
第四章分句、合句法
教学目的：让学生了解如何运用分句、合句译法
重点、难点：单词和复合句的分句、合句译法
方法：讲解、提问、讨论
教学步骤
分句、合句法
定义
分句法---把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。
合句法---把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。
分句法
把原文中的一个单词译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
副词
The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.
译文：中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。
Incidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can Possibly get here in the United Stated.
译文：我希望能在这些国家得到比我在美国这里所能得到的更好的治疗。
They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.
译文：他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。
He wished he were at home. Ordinarily, he would have been there three hours ago.
译文：他真愿那时候已在家里。要是在往常的日子里，他早已到家三小时了。Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution.
译文：她满想会有某种奇迹般的解决办法。这是不合情理的事。
But, occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long.
译文：但是，偶尔也有这种情况，由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误，结果当天停业结算时，有的出纳会短了现金而另一个却会多了现金。
形容词
Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policy of “self-reliance”.
译文：毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”的政策时，也许有些自豪感，这是可以理解的。That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.
译文：那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。
He had long been held in cordial contempt by his peers; now that contempt was no longer cordial.
译文：长期以来，他的同僚虽然看不起他，却还是对他有些亲切感，现在，除看不起他之外，亲切感也没有了。
He stalked away, but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast.
译文：他昂首阔步地走开，心里半信半疑，感到十分苦恼。
名词
A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle.
译文：我离开哪个担任掩体速度之快，要是拍成电影的话，会象出膛的子弹一样。
He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.
译文：他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神色。
As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity…
译文：作为居住的地方，这里有许多不足之处。但作为完全新型飞机的秘密训练基地切实非常理想的。它地处边陲，人们不易了解其中的活动……
The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants.
译文：每个帐篷内怎样的布置，这要看各个使用者的性格了。
把原文中的一个短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
分词短语
They were at home in the home of the people, moving confidently without fear.
译文：他们在群众佳丽感到自在，行动时心里踏实，无忧无虑。
She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the little kitchen.
译文：她坐在那儿双手拖着下巴，眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。
Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness and choking the shadows.
译文：阳光射入了它所能透过的所以地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了幽影。
He was lying on his side watching her.
译文：他侧身躺着。双目凝视着她。
But they had become nomads of the desert, living on the ground and under the sky, and they loved it .
译文：可是他们都变成沙漠里的牧民了，生活在苍天之下，黄土之上。他们可也喜欢这种生活。
名词短语
I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.
译文：我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。
The military is forbidden to “kill” the vessel, a relatively easy task.
译文：（政府）禁止军方“击毁”这艘潜艇，虽然要击毁该艇并不怎么费事。
The station chief would have to be close to the director, a member of the inner circle.
译文：这位站长就得接近董事，因为董事是核心集团的成员。
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.
译文：能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。
The hospital was already spreading a fame for its food.
译文：这个医院伙食好，这点已远近闻名了。
前置词短语
1）In August 1946, on my fifth trip through China, bound for my Moscow home but not in haste, since my husband had died in the war, I came to Yanan.
译文：1946年八月，我在回莫斯科家的途中，第五次路过中国；由于我丈夫已在战争中牺牲了，当时我并不急于回去，就到了延安。
2）Their power increased with their number.
译文：他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。
3）He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.
译文：他来到华盛顿，就国际形式来说，时机正合适。
4) Doctors and men both talked about a miracle drug constantly almost with awe.
译文：医生和伤病员常常叹气一种神奇的药物，而且谈时几乎都带着一种敬畏的口气。
5) The answer had been there all of the time just out of reach.
译文：答案一直摆在那里，可（他）就是没有拿到手。
6) Mr. Myles still smiled but his voice had a little bit of irritation in it, unusual to Rob.
译文：麦尔斯先生仍然面带微笑，可是他的口气却有点不耐烦了。
（三）把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。
1）Sometimes Mrs. Cross would be walking around in the big kitchen watching him eat.
译文：有时，克罗斯太太一面在大厨房踱来踱去，一面看他吃饭。
2）She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.
译文：她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。
3）But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.
译文：但是，如果该地区再次发生战争，显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。
4）His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.
译文：因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。
5) The ample yard in back is dominated by heavily bearing fruit trees.
译文：屋后是个宽敞的院子，大部分都给果实累累的果树占据了。
6) David opened the door, and Arthur went out into the rain.
译文：大卫把门打开，亚瑟走出去，冒着雨。
7) He wanted to tell John how surprised he was at his knowledge but embarrassment made him hold his peace.
译文：他想告诉约翰，他没有料到他的知识有这么渊博，但是觉得有些不好意思，没有说出口。
二．合句法
（一）把原文中两个或两个以上的简单句（Simple sentence）译成一个单句。
1）It was on the early morning of April 2, 1971. The pilots were briefed in the ready room.
译文：1971年4月2日清晨，飞机驾驶员都在待命室接受飞行任务。
2）He was very clean. His mind was open..
译文：他为人单纯而坦率。
3）There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the South..
译文：从全国各地来的人中有许多是南方人。
4）His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north of Italy near the sea.
译文：他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨开小铺。
5) It was half past ten. Sarie watched the path anxiously.
译文：十点半钟的时候，莎丽焦急地朝着小路张望。
6) That was long ago. A very long time ago. Almost 30 years ago.
译文：那件事发生在很久很久以前，将近三十年了。
7) He would miss many things and many people. He would miss Celia.
译文：他会想念许许多多往事、许许多多朋友、也会想念他的西莉亚。
（二）把原文中的主从复合句（Complex sentence）译成一个单句。
1）When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.
译文：我在谈判时总有些紧张。紧张时我就吃点东西。
2）When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.
译文：我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。
3）I’m blest if II know.
译文：我一点也不知道。
4) He stood on the curb till a car shot by.
译文：他站在路边等车飞快地开过去。
5) While he washed, he heard the doorbell.
译文：他洗澡时听到了门铃声。
6) When I came to the summit, I became very excited.
译文：到达山顶时我非常兴奋。
7) If we do a thing, we should do it well.
译文：我们要干就要干好。
（三）把原文中的并列复合句（Compound sentence）译成一个单句。
1）From Florence the river Arno ran down to Pisa, and then it reached the sea. 译文：阿诺河从佛罗伦萨流经比萨入海。
2）In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they became friends.
译文：1844年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成了朋友。
3）The time was 10:30, and traffic on the street was light.
译文：十点三十分的时候，街上来往的车辆稀少了。
It was 1953, and I had just come from Kilkelly, Ireland, to seek my fortune.
译文：一九五三年，我刚从爱尔兰的克尔克勒来此找出路。
It was an LST, and it was already nearly loaded with trucks and armored cars. 译文：这是一艘几乎已装满了卡车和装甲车的坦克登陆艇。
It was in mid-August, and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.
译文：八月中旬，修理人员在骄阳下工作。
分句与合句法
分句法、合句法 英汉两中语言在句法结构存在很大差异。英语重形合，连接词较为发达，句子结构层层包孕，叠床架屋，句子在空间上呈大树型结构，长句较多；汉语重意合，句子与句子之间缺乏必要的连接词，积词成句，积句成章，流水句较多，呈线型排列，一句接一句，短句较多，句子结构呈竹竿型分布。针对英汉句子结构的不同特征，在翻译时要根据各自的语言习惯作响应的转换，以确保译文通顺流畅。 在进行英汉翻译时，有时我们可以把原文的整个句子结构保存下来或稍加些许改动即可。但在多数情况下，需对原句子作较大的改动以符合目的语的表达习惯。分句法和合句法就是改变句子结构的两种重要的方法。 所谓分句法是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。 所谓合句法是指把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个简单句来表达。
一、分句法 （—）副词的分译 1）The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements. --中国人似乎为他们经济建设上取得的巨大成就感到自豪，这是合乎情理的。 2）Jerry quickly ordered everyone to put on life jackets, and tried unsuccessfully to put out the fire. --杰里立即叫大家穿上救生衣，并且奋力灭火，但却无济于事。 They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. (adv.） 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。 She wished she were at Kangding. Ordinarily, she would have been here two hours ago. ( adv.) 她真愿意那时已在康定。要是在平常的日子里，她早已到康定三个小时了。 Characteristically, Mr. Smith concealed his feelings and watched and learned. 史密斯先生没有表露自己的感情，只是察言观色，心领神会，这是他的特点。
分句法与合句法练习(1)
分句法与合句法练习: 注意以下副词，形容词和短语的分译 1.He wished he were at home. Ordinarily, he would have been there three hours ago. 他真愿那时候已在家里了。要是在往常的日子里，他早已到家三小时了。 2.illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution. 3.她想会有某种奇迹般的解决办法。这是不合情理的事。 4.But, occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long. 5.但是，偶尔也会有这种情况，由于匆忙或者粗心，而造成错误，结果当天停业结算时， 有的出纳会少了钱，而另一个会多了。 6.Characteristically, Mr. Li concealed his feelings and watches and learned. 7.哈罗德先生没有表露自己的感情，只是察言观色，心神领会。这是他的特点 8.He stalked away, but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast. 9.他昂首阔步地走开，心里半信半疑，感到十分苦恼。 10.The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupant. 11.每个帐篷的内部怎样布置，要看各个居住者的性格了。 12.He was lying on his side watching her. 13.他侧身躺着，注视着她。 14.Doctors and men both talked about a miracle drug constantly almost with awe. 15.医生们和几个男的不停地谈论一种神奇的药物，面目严肃。 16.John still smiled but his voice had a little bit of irritation in it, unusual to Rob. 17.约翰仍然面带微笑，但是不同于罗布的是他言语里面略带愤怒。 18.He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally. 19.他来到华盛顿时，就国际形势而言，是个好时机。 20.His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 21.他没有遵守安全守则从而导致机器出了事故。 22.As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity... 就住而言，它还需要改进。作为一个新型的革命飞机，它是一个极好的秘密训练基地，因为它地势偏远，有效地掩盖了飞机飞行活动。 翻译下列定语从句， 23.He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each. 24.他竟然奇迹般种出了200个西红柿，每个重达2英镑。 25.There was something original，independent，and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them。 26.这个计划里有新颖，独立，英勇的想法，他们非常满意。 27.My assistant，who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment， could not obtain satisfactory results，because he followed them mechanically。 28.在未做实验之前，我的助手认真的读了说明，但是却没得到满意的结果，因为他只是机 械性的照搬。 29.The imperialist states maintain enormous armies and gigantic navies which are used for oppressing and exploiting the people in distant lands。 30.帝国主义国家为了镇压和剥削遥远地区的人们，保持了大量巨大的军队和海军。
分句、合句法翻译
第四章分句、合句法 教学目的：让学生了解如何运用分句、合句译法 重点、难点：单词和复合句的分句、合句译法 方法：讲解、提问、讨论 教学步骤 分句、合句法 定义 分句法---把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。 合句法---把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。分句法 把原文中的一个单词译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。副词 The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achiev ements. 译文：中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。 Incidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can Possibly get here in the United Stated. 译文：我希望能在这些国家得到比我在美国这里所能得到的更好的治疗。 They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. 译文：他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。 He wished he were at home. Ordinarily, he would have been the re three hours ago. 译文：他真愿那时候已在家里。要是在往常的日子里，他早已到家三小时了。 Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle s olution. 译文：她满想会有某种奇迹般的解决办法。这是不合情理的事。 But, occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes we re made, so that at the end of the business day one teller wo uld be short on cash, the other long. 译文：但是，偶尔也有这种情况，由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误，结果当天停业结算时，有的出纳会短了现金而另一个却会多了现金。 形容词 Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of h i s policy of “self-reliance”. 译文：毛主席在谈到他的“自力
第一节 分句、合句法练习
第四章英语句子的翻译 第一节分句、合句法 练习题 1.The men were sorry, but did not know how to say they were sorry.（合句法） 2.Only a person who has fought in the woods knows what a radio means. （合句法） 3.He didn’t want to revolt against the authority of the Church. He didn’t want to make trouble. （合句法） 4.There’s a man downstairs who wants to see you. （合句法） 5.The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. （合句法） 6.What if she was mistaken and nothing could save the young plants?（分句法） 7.You cannot legally conclude a peace treaty with West Germany alone. （分句法） 8.These pure verbal artifices do not change the essence of the matter. （分句法） 9.We were late getting home, and in the relief of seeing us Mother forgot to ask any question. （分句法） 10.Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder. （分句法） 11.She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill. （合句法） 12.How was he to distract them from what was happening overhead? （合句法） 13.Franklin Roosevelt listened with bright-eyed smiling attention. （分句法） 14.We began selecting our people and took only those who had their own guns. （合句法） 15.We built a huge bonfire. （分句法） 16.It burns the throat like vinegar! （分句法） 17.They properly have to be very factual. （分句法） 18.A few things were evident. He had been an actor. He had a name. He was well regarded by his fellow actors, for they signed photographs that they gave him. He had stamped the boards before great audiences and his resounding voice was still with him. （合句法） 19.I tried vainly to put the pieces together. （分句法） 20.“It’s very bad, madam, obviously.”（分句法） 21.He expected, not unnaturally, that his father would help him. （分句法） 22.That is a NATO matter and any comment on it should appropriately come from NATO. （分句法） 23.The young are admittedly better educated and not so dependent on their parents. （分句法） 24.“An unhappy alternative is before you…Elizabeth…”（分句法） 25.The President gave Victor Henry a hearty handshake, his grip warm and damp. （分句法） 26.Nixon was greatly impressed by Stassen’s firm handshake. （分句法） 27.She is very busy at home. // She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work. （合句法） 28.Darkness fell. // An explosion shook the earth. // It did not shake his will to go to the front. （合句法） 29.Her father became the mayor of the city. // He was a murderer in the Second World War. （合句法） 30.Throughout his life, Benjamin Franklin continued his education, learning from human contacts as well as from books. （分句法） 31.His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. （分句法） 32.It is necessary that he (should) speak. 33.There on the snow was a newspaper. She unfolded it. It looked familiar. It was The Times. （合句法） 34.On the surface, then; all was well that ended well. 35.Personally, I see no objection to your leaving at once. （分句法） 36.Briefly, there is nothing new in his story. （分句法） 37.Surely I have met you before somewhere. （分句法） 38.Curious, we looked around for other guests. （分句法） 39.His visit gave me a pleasant surprise. （分句法） 40.Indeed, they were defeated, but it was victorious defeat. （分句法） 41.Sometimes, to his delight, he was allowed to take short trips outside Charleston Harbor. （分句法） 42.All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election, with the exception of persons deprived of these rights by law. （分句法） 43.The lion eats the zebra that eats the grass. 44.The snake catches the toad that eats the insect that nibbles the green leaves. 45.Such fear is not as far-fetched as it may seem. 46.They prolonged the clasp for the photographer, exchanging smiling words. （分句法） 1
考研英语长难句翻译技巧之分句、合句汉译技巧
考研英语长难句翻译技巧之分句、合句 汉译技巧 英译汉时，由于两种语言的句子结构大不相同而往往需要改变一下句子结构以适应于汉语的表达习惯。英语语言文学是外国语言文学下属的一个二级学科。英语是联合国工作语言之一，是世界上最通用的语言，也是我国学习人数最多的外语语种。英语语言文学是我国设置最早的外语专业之一。 英语语言学的发展趋势体现了语言学的发展趋势，具体表现为以下特点：由纯描写性研究转向以解释为目的的研究，由侧重英语本身特点的孤立研究转为侧重语言普遍性的比较研究，由侧重语言形式的研究转为形式和语义并重的研究，由对语言结构的研究扩展到对语言的习得、功能和应用的研究，由对英语的语音、词汇、语法、历史、方言等传统领域的研究发展到对英语的各个方面及相关领域的全面研究。目前英语语言学的主要分支学科包括音位学、形态学、句法学、文体学、历史语言学；语言学的其他主要分支学科，如语义学、语用学、话语分析、篇章语言学应用语言学、社会语言学、心理语言学等，也主要基于对英语的研究。采用分句、合句进行翻译的作法正是为了达到这种目的而运用的一种重要技巧。所谓分句，就是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子；所谓合名，就是指把原文的两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个简单句。英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，在具体英译汉时，有时往往需要转换一下句子成分，才能使译文达到逻辑正确、通顺流畅、重点突出等目的。句子成分转译作为翻译的一种技巧，一篇洋洋洒洒400单词的英语阅读中，除了单词，还有一些不起眼的东西—标点符号—其实对于我们理解文章，做对题目都有很大的帮助，今天，跨考教育英语教研室刘正锋老师就跟大家八一八考研阅读中的起重大作用的特殊标点符号。其内容和形式都比较丰富，运用范围也相当广泛，共包括五个方面的内容。运用这种分句、合句的汉译技巧可以使译文层次分明，更合乎于汉语的表达习惯。分句翻译的技巧共分五种类型，合句汉译的技巧共分三种类型。先谈谈分句汉译技巧的五种类型。 1、主语分句汉译技巧。 A man spending twelve days on the moon would find, on returning to the earth, that a year had passed by already. 一个人如果在月亮上度过了十二天，回到地球以后就会发现一年已经过去了。 2、谓语分句汉译技巧。 It goes without saying that oxygen is the most active element in the atmosphere. 不言而喻，氧气是大气中最活泼的元素。 3、定语分句汉译技巧 He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each. 他居然种出了二百个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达两磅。 4、状语分句汉译技巧
homework(分合句法兼容)
Homework (分句合句法) 1.This design with all its disadvantages is considered to be one of the best. 2.He unnecessarily spent a lot of time introducing this book, which the students are familiar with. 3．They remarked now he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend divine worship. 4.She was born in a very small town. The town is in the north of China near the sea. 5. It was midnight, and there were few people on the street. 6.They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread more furiously throughout the country. 7.She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill. 8.You will supply financial power, and we’ll supply man power. Isn’t that fair and square? 9.瘾君子对那些“严禁吸烟”的布告牌视而不见，真是不可救药。 10.她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。 11.The night, clear and starry, sparkled darkly, and the opaque, lightless shifting patches slowly against the low stars were the drifting islets. 12.Those who judged of his ultimate success by the failure of his first attempt were agreeably disappointed. 13.The wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car. 14.The inside of each room depended on the personality of its occupants. 15.他用辛辛苦苦积攒了五年的钱买了一架照相机。然后，他带着它走遍全国，拍摄了许多 祖国名胜古迹的照片。 16.我国人口众多，人均资源有限，资金不足。发展精加工高附加值的产品出口，是今后扩 大出口的一个关键。 17.中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为 山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。 18.If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”, they must believe that some deaths run a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely —a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken.