川大博士英语考试真题

Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Directions: There are 8 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

Electronics works as a slave on the sea-bed and in space; in marketing and on the moon; in hospitals and on the race track. And yet this revolution only began with the thermionic valve, developed after the Wright brothers first proved that heavier-than-air machines could fly. Radio was the first practical and commercial development, the second leap forward came in 1947 with the more mature semiconductor technology. Then came a new world of solid state devices on a miniature scale, offering unparalleled benefits of speed and cost.

Pre-transistor equipment is now viewed as crude and clumsy, yet it manages to produce such far-reaching techniques as radar. Computers made before the transistor were elementary, enormous and slow by modern standards. The revolution reached its peak in the late1950s, with the successful breakthrough into the world of micro-electronics. This is a new series of micro-miniature electronic devices in the solid state, offering almost limitless scope in designing and producing complete circuits on a tiny chip of silicon, not much bigger than a pin-head. However, the conventional technology of the day----based on the transistor----had been developed to quite a sophisticated level. Thus it was possible to fit essential electronics to earth satellites and space probes, to take the computer to a more advanced stage and to start an entirely new industry. Today micro-electronics stands as the foundation of the industry’s total fut ure, offering vast potentialities. The scene in the next century cannot be precisely predicted, but clearly the efforts of this industry will be aimed at making life easier. Advanced electronic control techniques will take the drudgery out of most work; the factory and office will largely be the arena of automation and even housework will be more a 11川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

question of efficient programming, rather than of tedious chores.

This outlook poses some of the largest problems that this relatively young industry has had to face. Until recently, the electronics industry has been more concerned with developing the technology. Now many of the applications dictate the technology. Yesterday it was hard to imagine another breakthrough as important as the silicon integrated circuit----today we are entering a new world----the world of the microprocessor, just fifteen years after the industry came to adolescence.

1.How are the pre-transistor computers viewed now

a.Pre-transistor computers are now viewed as crude and clumsy.

b.Pre-transistor computers managed to produce far-reaching

techniques.

c.Pre-transistor computers are now viewed as elementary, enormous and

slow.

d.Pre-transistor computers are mow viewed as modern and advanced.

2.When did micro-electronics come into being

a.In1947.

b.In the late 1950s.

c.When a new world of solid state devices on a miniature scale came.

d.When computers were mad

3.What are the different stages of the development of electronics

a.Thermionic valve----semicondutor ---- solid state

devices----microprocessor.

b.Solid state devices----micro-electronics----integrated circuit.

c.Thermionic valve----micro-electronics----integrated circuit.

d.Thermionic valve ----solid state devices----

micro-electronics----microprocessor.

4.What is the latest development of electronics

a.The world of the microprocessor.

b.The silicon integrated circuit.

c.The complete circuits on a tiny chip of silicon.

22川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

d.Efficient programming.

5.What is the best title for the article

a.The Advanced Industry of Electronics.

b.The Role of the Electronics

c.Problems Posed by Electronics.

d.The Young Industry of Electronics.

Passage 2

Can a computer think Thai depends on what you mean by “think”. If solving a mathematical problem is “thinking”, then a computer can “think” and do so much faster than a man. Of course, most mathematical problems can be solved quite mechanically by repeating certain straightforward processes over and over again. Even the simple computers of today can be geared for that.

It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are “programmed” to do so. They can only do what men have them do. One must remember that human beings also can only do what they are “programmed” to do. Our genes “program” us the instant the fertilized ovum is formed, and our potentialities are limited by that “program”.

Our “program” is so much more enormously complex, though, that we might like to define “thinking” in terms of the creativity that goes into writing a great play or composing a great symphony, in conceiving a brilliant scientific theory or a profound ethical judgment. In that sense, computers certainly can’t think and neither can most humans.

Surely, though, if a computer can be made complex enough, it can be made as creative as we. If it could be as complex as a human brain, it could be the equivalent of a human brain and do whatever a human brain can do.

To suppose anything else is to suppose that there is more to the human brain than the matter that composes it. The brain is made up of cells in a certain arrangement and the cells are made up of atoms and molecules in certain arrangements. If anything else is there, no signs of it have ever been detected. To duplicate the material complexity of the brain is to duplicate everything about it.

33川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

But how long will it take to build a computer complex enough to duplicate the human brain Perhaps not as long as some think. Long before we approach anything as complex as our brain, we will perhaps build a computer that is at least complex enough to design another computer more complex than itself. This more complex computer could design one still more complex and so on.

In other words, once we pass a certain critical point, the computers take over and there is a “complexity explosion”. In a very short time thereafter, computers may exist that not only duplicate the human brain----but far surpass it.

6.What is the best title for the passage

a.How to Duplicate Human Brains

b.Can a Computer Think

c.How Does a Computer Solve a Mathematical Problem

d.How Do Human Beings Think

7.What does the passage tell us about computers of today

a.Unlike human beings, they have to be programmed before they can do

anything.

b.They are as complex as humans.

c.They are the equivalents of human brains.

d.They can duplicate human brains.

8.In what sense does the writer think that humans are programmed

a.They are different from each other.

b.Our potentialities are limited by that “program”.

c.Their characteristics, powers, etc. are fixed before birth.

d.We should define “thinking” in terms of creativity.

9.What does the writer think about the human brain

a.It is a very complex arrangement of atoms and molecules in cells.

b.It is made up of cells in a certain arrangement.

c.It is more complex than computer, so it can do everything a computer

can do.

d.It is made up of atoms and molecules.

44川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

10.As it is used in the second paragraph of the passage, what does the

word “ovum” mean

a. Cell

b. Molecules

c. Germ.

d. A female germ or sex cell.

Passage 3

In November 1965, New York was blacked out by an electricity failure. The authorities promised that it would not happen again. Pessimists were certain that it would occur within five years at the latest. In July 1977, there was a repeat performance which produced varying degrees of chaos throughout the city of eight million people. In 1965, the failure occurred in the cool autumn and at a time of comparative prosperity. In 1977, the disaster was much more serious because it came when unemployment was high and the city was suffering from one of its worst heat waves.

In 1965, there was little crime or looting during the darkness, and fewer than a hundred people were arrested. In 1977, hundreds of stores were broken into and looted. Looters smashed shop windows and helped themselves to jewelry, clothes or television sets. Nearly 4000 people were arrested but far more disappeared into the darkness of the night. The number of policemen available was quite inadequate and they wisely refrained from using their guns against mobs which far outnumbered them and included armed men.

Hospitals had to treat hundreds of people cut by glass from shop windows. Banks and most businesses remained closed the next day. The blackout started at 9:30 ., when lightning hit knocked out vital cables. Many stores were thus caught by surprise.

The vast majority of New Yorkers, however, were not involved in looting. They helped strangers, distributed candles and batteries, and tried to survive in a nightmare world without traffic lights, refrigerators, elevators, water and electrical power. For twenty-four hours, New York realized how helpless it was without electricity.

11.Look at the first paragraph, Who were right: the authorities or the

pessimists

55川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

a. The authorities.

b. Both

c. The pessimists.

Neither

12.In what way was the blackout of 1977 not really a repeat performance

a.There was much more disorder.

b.This time the electricity supply failed.

c.It was quite unexpecte

d.It did not occur within five years of 1965.

13. What caused the blackout in July 1977

a.Excessive heat probably made people switch on too many electrical

appliances.

b.Because of unemployment, some machines were not in proper order.

c.During a storm, lighting damaged supply cables.

d.The passage does not mention the caus

14. Why did many looters manage to escape

a.The police could not see them in the dark.

b.Many of the looters were armed with guns.

c.There were not enough policemen to catch them all.

d.They were hidden inside big buildings.

15. How long did the 1977 New York electricity failure last

a. A whole week.

b. Twenty-four hours.

c. Three days.

d. A whole night.

Passage 4

Petroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosene, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oils, come from one source----crude oil found below the earth’s surface, as well as under large bodes of water, from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25000 feet into the earth’s interior. Sometime crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface.

Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels.

66川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

Petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance: thin or thick, transparent or opaque, but their chemical composition is made up of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities. Trace elements are also found but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.

The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosene, and distillate oil. The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining process rearrange the chemical structure of the hydrocarbons to produce other products, some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of various types of gasoline.

16. Which of the following is NOT true

a.Crude oil is found below land and water.

b.Crude oil is always found a few hundred feet below the surface.

c.Pumping and pressure force crude oil to the surface.

d. A variety of petroleum products is obtained from crude oil.

17. Many thousands of hydrocarbon compounds are possible because

a.the petroleum product vary greatly in physical appearance.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/a96814531.html,plicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure.

c.the two atoms in the molecule assume many positions.

d.the pressure needed to force it to the surface causes molecular

transformation.

18. Which of the following is true

a.The various petroleum products are produced by filtration.

b.Heating and condensation produce the various products.

c.Chemical separation is used to produce the various products.

77川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

d.Mechanical means such as the centrifuge are used to produce the various

products.

19. How is crude oil brought to surface

a.Expansion of the hydrocarbons.

b.Pressure and pumping.

c.Vacuum created in the drilling pipe.

d.Expa nsion and contraction of the earth’s surfac

20. Which of the following is NOT listed as a light oil

a. Distillate oil.

b. Lubricating oil.

c. Gasoline.

d. Kerosen

Passage 5

A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It translated to a fundamental change in the way we work. Already we’re partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many or these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise. More women are in the work force than ever before. There are more part-time jobs. More people are self-employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation can’t be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers—all these are being changed.

We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip(集成电路), would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Tomorrow’s achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain; information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in 88川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

manufacturing or services, will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth. Computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write. The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be above all else. If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant. It will be the way you do your job.

21. A characteristic of the information age is that ________.

a.the service industry is relying more and more on the female work force

b.manufacturing industries are steadily increasing

c.people find it harder to earn a living by working in factories

d.most of the job opportunities can now be found in service industry

22. One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that

_______.

a.the difference between the employee and the employer has become

insignificant

b.people’s traditional concepts about work no longer hold true

c.most people have to take part-time jobs

d.people have to change their jobs from time to time

23. By referring to computers and other inventions, the author means to say

that _________.

a.people should be able to respond quickly to the advancement of

technology

b.future achievements in technology will bring about inconceivable

dramatic changes

c.the importance of high technology has been overlooked

https://www.360docs.net/doc/a96814531.html,puter science will play a leading role in the future information

services

24. The future will probably belong to those who ________.

a.possess and know how to make use of information

b.give full play to their brain potential

99川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

c.involve themselves in service industries

d.cast their minds ahead instead of looking back

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage

https://www.360docs.net/doc/a96814531.html,puters and the Knowledge Society.

b.Service Industries in Modern Society.

c.Features and Implications of the New Era.

d.Rapid Advancement of Information Technology.

Passage 6

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles(困难). People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off(挡开) illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.

Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time to distract(转移……注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

26. Interpersonal relationships are important because ________.

1010川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

a.they are indispensable to people’s social well-being

b.they awaken people’s desire to exchange resources

c.they help people to cope with life in the information era

d.they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc.

27. Research shows that people’s physical and mental health _________.

a.relies on the social welfare systems which support them

b.has much to do with the amount of support they get from others

c.depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles

d.is closely related to their strength for coping with major change sin

their lives

28. Which of the following is cl osest in meaning to the word “cushions”

a. Adds up to.

b. Does away with.

c. Lessens the effect of.

d. Lays the foundation for.

29. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of ________.

a. instrumental support

b. informational support

c. social companionship

d. the strengthening of self-respect

30. Social companionship is beneficial in that _______.

a.it helps strengthen our ties with relatives

b.it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakes

c.it make sour leisure-time activities more enjoyable

d.it draws our attention away from our worries and troubles

Passage 7

The temperature of the Sun is over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The Sun is so much hotter than the Earth that matter can exist only as gas, except at the core. In the core of the Sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core. However, no one really knows, since the center of the Sun can never be directly observed.

Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outside and going down into the Sun, the zones are the corona, 1111川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

chromospheres, photosphere, convection zone, and finally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the Sun’s atmosphere. But since the Sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the Sun begins.

The Sun’s outermost layer be gins about 10,000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for millions of miles. This is the only part of the Sun that can be seen during an eclipse such as the one in February 1979. At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare of the Sun’s rays.

The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full Moon. Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The corona’s rays flas h out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spike like rays near the Sun’s north and south poles. The corona is thickest at the Sun’s equator.

The corona rays are made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees Fahrenheit. The rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planets. By the time the Sun’s corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and invisible.

31. All of the following are parts of the Sun’s atmosphere EXCEPT the

________.

a. corona

b. chromospheres

c. photosphere

d. core

32. It can be inferred from the passage that a clear view of the Sun’s outer

layer is usually prevented by ______.

a. the Sun’s rays

b. an eclipse

c. lack of light

d. the great distance

33. With what topic is the second paragraph mainly concerned

a.How the Sun evolves.

b.The structure of the Sun.

c.Why scientists study the Sun.

d.The distance of the Sun from the planets.

34. According to the passage, as the corona rays reach the planets, they become 1212川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

________.

a. hotter

b. clearer

c. thinner

d. stronger

35. The paragraphs following the passage most likely discuss which of

the following

a.The remaining layers of the Sun.

b.The evolution of the Sun to its present form.

c.The eclipse of February 1979.

d.The scientists who study astronomy.

Passage 8

The concept of “environment” is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental. But in actual practice this system breaks down in may ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa(反之亦然).

In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer(持有者) of culture. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and such-like factors common to all biological situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as “cultural”, which modify the physical and biological factors. But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment.

36. Which of the following words can best describe the popular understanding 1313川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

of “environment” as the author sees it

a. Elaborate.

b. Prejudiced.

c. Faultless.

d. Oversimplified.

37. According to the author the concept of “environment” is difficult to

explain because _______.

a.it doesn’t distinguish between the organism and the environment

b.it involves both internal and external forces

c.the organism and the environment influence each other

d.the relationship between the organism and environment is unclear

38. In analyzing the environmental forces acting on man the author suggests

that __________.

a.biological factors are less important to the organism than cultural

factors to man

b.man and other animals are modified equally by the environmental forces

c.man is modified by the cultural environment as well as by the natural

environment

d.physical and biological factors exert more influence on other organism

than on man

39. As for culture, the author points out that _______.

a.it develops side by side with environmental factors

b.it is also affected by environment

c.it is generally accepted to be part of the environment

d.it is a product of man’s biological instincts

40. In this passage, the author is primarily concerned with _________.

a.the interpretation of the term “environment”

b.the discussion of the organism and biological environment

c.the comparison between internal and external factors influencing man

d.the evaluation of man’s influence on culture

Part II Cloze (20 points )

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the One that best 1414川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

During recent years we have heard much about “race”: how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the __41__ phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications.

We judge race usually __42__ the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But __43__ you were to remove the skin you could not __44__ anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is __45__ in physical structure. The brain or the internal organs to __46__ a difference.

There are four types of blood. __47__ types are found in every race, and n o type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the __48__. No scientists could examine a brain and told you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will __49__ in size, but this occurs within every race. __50__ does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain __51__ examined belonged to a person of weak __52__. On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had __53__ brains.

Mental tests which are reasonably __54__ show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race. __55__ equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location.

Individuals of every race __56__ civilization to go backward or forward. Training and education can change the response of a group of people, __57__ enable them to behave in a __58__ way.

The behavior and ideas of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new __59__ is better and higher than anything __60__ the past.

41. a. complete b. full c. total d. whole

42. a. in b. from c. at d. on

43. a. since b. if c. as d. while

1515川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

44. a. speak b. talk c. tell d. mention

45. a. something b. everything

c. nothing

d. anything

46. a. display b. indicate c. demonstrate d. appear

47. a. All b. Most c. No d. Some

48. a. same b. identical c. similar d. alike

49. a. remain b. increase c. decrease d. vary

50. a. Only b. Or c. Nor d. So

51. a. ever b. then c. never d. once

52. a. health b. body c. mind d. thought

53. a. big b. small c. minor d. major

54. a. true b. exact c. certain d. accurate

55. a. Provided b. Concerning

c. Given

d. Following

56. a. make b. cause c. move d. turn

57. a. and b. but c. though d. so

58. a. ordinary b. peculiar c. usual d. common

59. a. that b. what c. whichever d. whatever

60. a. for b. to c. within d. in

Part III Translation (20 points)

Directions: There is a passage in the following and you are required to translate it into English.

中国共产党领导人民在建设物质文明、政治文明的同时，努力建设社会主义精神文明，实行依法治国和以德治国相结合。社会主义精神文明建设为经济建设和改革开放提供强大的精神动力和智力支持，创造良好的社会环境。应当大力发展教育、科学、文化事业，尊重知识，尊重人才，提高全民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质，弘扬民族优秀传统文化，繁荣和发展社会主义文化。应当用党的基本路线和爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义思想教育党员和人民群众，增强民族自尊、自信和自强精神，对党员还要进行共产主义远大理想教育，抵御资本主义和封建主义腐朽思想的侵蚀，扫除各种社会丑恶现象，努力使我国人民成为有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的人民。

Part IV Writing (20 points)

1616川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic of Looking Forward to the 21st Century. You should write at least 150 words. And the followings are the outline for you.

1. The 21st century will be very promising.

2. advantages of the development of science and technology.

3. disadvantages of the development of science and technology

4. your preparations for the new century.

1717川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

Answer Sheet Array 1. [a] [b] [c] [d] 2. [a] [b] [c] [d] 3. [a] 4. [a] [b] [c] [d] 5. [a] [b] [c] [d] 6. [a] 7. [a] [b] [c] [d] 8. [a] [b] [c] [d] 9. [a] 10. [a] [b] [c] [d] 11. [a] [b] [c] [d] 12. [a] 13. [a] [b] [c] [d] 14. [a] [b] [c] [d] 15. [a] 16. [a] [b] [c] [d] 17. [a] [b] [c] [d] 18. [a] 19. [a] [b] [c] [d] 20. [a] [b] [c] [d] 21. [a] 22. [a] [b] [c] [d] 23. [a] [b] [c] [d] 24. [a] 25. [a] [b] [c] [d] 26. [a] [b] [c] [d] 27. [a] 28. [a] [b] [c] [d] 29. [a] [b] [c] [d] 30. [a] 31. [a] [b] [c] [d] 32. [a] [b] [c] [d] 33. [a] 34. [a] [b] [c] [d] 35. [a] [b] [c] [d] 36. [a] 37. [a] [b] [c] [d] 38. [a] [b] [c] [d] 39. [a]

40. [a] [b] [c] [d] 41. [a] [b] [c] [d] 42. [a]

.doc 第

43. [a] [b] [c] [d] 44. [a] [b] [c] [d] 45. [a]

[b] [c] [d]

46. [a] [b] [c] [d] 47. [a] [b] [c] [d] 48. [a]

[b] [c] [d]

49. [a] [b] [c] [d] 50. [a] [b] [c] [d] 51. [a]

[b] [c] [d]

52. [a] [b] [c] [d] 53. [a] [b] [c] [d] 54. [a]

[b] [c] [d]

55. [a] [b] [c] [d] 56. [a] [b] [c] [d] 57. [a]

[b] [c] [d]

58. [a] [b] [c] [d] 59. [a] [b] [c] [d] 60. [a]

[b] [c] [d]

Part III Translation (20%)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1919川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

Part IV Writing (20%)

Looking Forward to the 21stcentury

2020川大博士英语考试真题.doc 第

2018年博士生入学考试英语参考答案

1.These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect. A amount to B conform to C contribute to D attach to 2.The researchers are working hard to find the optimal concentration of this drug. A most poisonous B most likely C most famous D most desirable 3.This young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak. A with the favor of B find good jobs for C assume the responsibility for D accept the challenge of 4.The last traces of respectability had vanished by the time he was convicted and imprisoned. A collapsed B disappeared C perished D scattered 5.Fearful of losing her job for good, this lady decided to talk to the manager directly. A for benefits B by luck C for ever D at hand. 6.An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method for advanced students. A idea B change C matter D policy 7.This archaeologist made a study of the vast area through which the Roman civilization has been propagated. A extended B terminated C speculated D restricted 8.The investor would suffer a lot from a television series that was heavily invested in but never came off. A was released B proved satisfactory C failed completely D won awards 9.Given the gravity of the situation, the best thing we can do is to declare the company bankrupt. A gravitation B fascination C seriousness D incurability 10.When the symptom occurs, she finds it difficult to manipulate a pencil despite her young age. A utilize B handle C master D dominate Section B : Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B , C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 11.The country once threatened to ___ diplomatic relations with its neighbor if the latter was too friendly to the rebels. A show off B keep off C break off D call off 12.In English leaning, a ___ circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded. A vicious B vigorous C vertical D voluntary 13.Some ancient people were able to tell the time by the shadow ___by the sun on the slate. A thrown B flung C cast D tossed(upward) https://www.360docs.net/doc/a96814531.html,petition compels districts to devote their limited resources to achieving results that compare ___ with other local districts. A significantly B favorably C dramatically D superficially 15.If you don’t know how to ___ your achievements, your parting from this world is going to be a nightmar e. A take hold of B get rid of C let go of D make fun of 16.This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2010 if the ____ is not taken seriously. A episode B epidemic C equivalent D eruption 17.With a wide variety of fresh fruit ___available, canner fruit is no longer so popular as before. A willingly B appropriately C confidently D readily =easily 18.The crisis over parliamentary election illustrated the unpredictable ____that events could take once the coalition troops are withdrawn. A process B line C way D course 19.Decades of ___ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of development abroad. A insulation B irrigation C integration D isolation 20.There have been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains ____ through suicide. A by and large B once for all =forever C heart and soul D on the whole Part II. Cloze Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrases marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. There is now a new keychain device that lets people turn off most TVs anywhere---- from airports to restaurants. And it is selling faster than 21 . “I thought there would just be a few sales, but we can’t 22 demand,” said inventor Mitch

考博英语历年真题

考博英语历年真题北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.360docs.net/doc/a96814531.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze

博士生考试英语(第二学期)

天津XX大学博士英语考试试卷Array 2010 —2011 学年第二学期期末考试试卷（A 卷）科目：博士生英语学院：专业： I. Listening Comprehension: (25%) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. 1. A) She is a little tired. B) She is going to study. C) She wants to listen to music. D) She is going to make a reservation. 2. A) At an art exhibit. B) In a supermarket. C) In a shoe store. D) In a clothing store. 3. A) They had no time. B) They couldn’t afford it after buying their motor-bike. C) The old one was still working. D) They both want to buy a motor-bike. 4. A) She doesn’t understand the man’s question. B) She’ll have th e test ready in a few days. C) She has a few questions about the man’s schedule.

中国人民大学——英语博士研究生入学考试试题.doc

中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题客观题部分请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！ II. Vocabulary (10 points) PartA (5 points) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1. Example: She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ A. previously B. vLrtually C. primarily D. domestically The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D. Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D] 1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__ patriotism. A. obsolete B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts. A. dilemmas B. countenances C. concessions D. junctions 3. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power. A. strive B. ascertain C. justify D. adhere 4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them. A. conservation B. maintenance C. storage D. reserve 5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking 15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years. A. soared B. mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated 6. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world. A. genius B. vires C. disease D. bacteria 7. The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of competition in schools. A. negligent B. edible C. fabulous D. disproportionate 8. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his grandparents lived. A. reconciled B. consolidated C. deteriorated D. attributed 9. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to practice his Chinese.

博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲(可编辑修改word版)

福州大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲一、考查目标本考试重点考查考生的英语语言知识和语言技能（本考试属水平考试，不指定任何参考书）。具体要求如下： 1.词汇要求考生掌握约 5000 个英语词汇和约 500 个常用词组。此外，还应掌握词汇间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。 2.语法要求考生熟练掌握英语的基本语法知识、常用句型和结构，能正确理解包含这些知识、句型和结构的句子和语篇，并能在实践中准确、自如地运用这些知识。 3.阅读要求考生能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能熟练地阅读和理解一般性题材的文章、科技文章及应用性形式的阅读材料。要求能理解主旨大意，读懂细节，能理解上下文的逻辑关系，并领会作者或话语参与各方的主要意图和态度及其异同等。 4.语篇完形处理在理解阅读材料的基础上能综合运用词汇、语法、搭配、语段、篇章逻辑等方面的知识和上下文等对语篇各层次的信息进行正确判断和完形处理。 5．翻译（1）英译汉要求考生能在 30 分钟内把一篇 150 词左右的一般性题材的英语短文或科学常识性文章中的段落译成汉语，能准确表达原文的意思，语句通顺，用词正确，无较大的语言错误。（2）汉译英要求考生能在 30 分钟内把一篇 150 字左右的一般性题材的汉语短文或科学常识性文章中的段落译成英语。要求译文忠实于原文，译文达意，符合英语表达习惯，无较大的语言错误。 6．写作要求考生能根据命题或图表等在 30 分钟内写出一篇 200 字以上的短文，或根据所给文章（中文或英文）要求写出 200 字以上的英文摘要。写作部分的考查目标是测试考生用英语书面表达思想和见解的能力。所写文章应切合主题，能正确表达思想，意义连贯，无较大的语言错误。

江南大学考博英语历年考题汇总附答案

Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: When Kathie Gifford ’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.; This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation ’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.; Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years. 21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with? A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America. B)A serious problem threatening American economy. C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America. D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America. 22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____. A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers 23.The underlined p hrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____. A) to accept unwillingly B) to refuse coldly C) to welcome warm heartedly D) to blame strongly 24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true? A) It will become the count ry’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer. B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct. D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign. 25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign? A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct. B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility. D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.; A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).; How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.; Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.; But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.; With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behi nd treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.; With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need

08重庆大学博士英语考试试题

08重庆大学博士英语考试试题 2008年重庆大学博士入学考试英语试卷 (Time Limit: 180 minutes) Part I: Reading Comprehension 40 % Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet. Passage One Problems and discouragements will face the leader, but he can overcome them with staying power. It seems as if many of the world’s famous people faced some of the greatest difficulties and discouragements in carrying out their visions. Christopher Columbus, for instance, concluded from the information he acquired from his travels and from studying charts and maps, that the earth was round and that he could reach Asia by sailing west. But he needed a patron to finance such an expedition. He first tried John II., King of Portugal, without success, and then, the Count of Medina Celi in Spain. The Count encouraged Columbus for two years, but never actually provided him with the money and supplies he needed. Ferdinand and Isabella, King and Queen of Castile in Spain, were then contacted. A review of Columbus’ plans by a committee appointed by the queen

中南大学2004级博士生英语考试试卷

English Test for Doctoral Candidates (Jan. 16, 2005) Part I Listening Comprehension (20%) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear 5 short conversations. After each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and question will be read only once. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Then mark your answer on your Answer Sheet A. 1. A. To be back Tuesday morning. B. To come and see him Wednesday. C. To call him on Thursday. D. To make an appointment for Thursday. 2. A. Every day. B. Every day except Thursday. C. Monday, Wednesday and Friday. D. Monday, Tuesday and Friday. 3. A. On a train. B. On a boat. C. On a plane. D. On a bus. 4. A. It was sold out. B. It was too expensive. C. She didn’t like it. D. It was uninteresting. 5. A. Go for a long walk with her friend. B. Rest and take care of herself. C. Stay at home and do her exercises. D. Catch up with her reading. Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. The passage will be read only once. At the end of the passage, you will hear 5 questions about what was said. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Passage 1 6. A. Almost half their money. B. Almost all their money. C. Almost one-third of their money. D. Most of their money. 7. A. Right after the food is ready. B. Right after the father makes the cross over the bread with a knife. C. Right after the mother distributes each member a piece of brad.