英语语法整理之从句
精品文档
语法内容----从句
一．从句的分类
This is what he told me last night.主语从句（谓语之前）
What he said is true.从句（系动词之后）表语me what he said at the meeting Tell.
宾语从句（实意动词之后）The news that he will come makes 同位语从句名词之后，与名词是等同关系）
the news) （解释me happy.
that he tole me is true The news定语从句（修饰名词或代词）
状语从句（修饰动词）说明呆家的时间）stayed home while ha was away.( 1.)时间.....I
说明放的位置）put the book where it was.( 2.)地点....You should
说明没来的原因）'t come because he was ill.( 3. 原因....He didn
t catch cup him(他跑得快4.)结果...He ran so fast that I couldn'
导致的结果）
说明5.) 目的...We left early so that we could catch the first
train.(
我们早出发的目的）
...I will not lend the book to you unless you return it in 6.) 条件
说明我借书给你的前提条件）time.(
...(Although he may have told you, I still think she is not 7.）让步
说明就算退一步讲，我也不信任她）to be trusted.(
...You should do as I tell you.(）方式说明你要做的方式）8.
/副词的比较用法）...The room is bigger than that one.( 9.）比较形容
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二、从句的连接词(根据从句类型来用）
1.名词性从句-主语从句陈述句（that)
宾语从句-----根据从句类型一般疑问句(weather/if)
表语从句特殊疑问句(what/how/when/
同位语...-where/why/who.) 以宾从为例陈述句：He said that he could help me.(I can help you)
一般问句He asked weather/if I could help him.( Can you
help me?) 特殊问句：He asked what I was doing.( What are you doing?
He asked how I did it?.( How did you do it?)
(2）主语从句的倒装(it 作形式主语）
That he is a doctor is true.= It is true that he is a doctor千真万确，他是个医生。Whether she comes or not makes no difference.= It is no difference whether she comes or not. 她来不来都没关系。
Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.= It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.还不清楚谁对此事负责人。
2.定语从句(根据先行词在从句中的成分确定）
主语（人）--who(that可代)
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精品文档--whom(that可省可代）宾语（人）that可代）主语（物）--which（可省可代）--which（that 宾语（物）--whose 定语（人的）
--whose
（物的）
修饰动词状态）时间状语(when
地点where
原因why
The children who had been watching started to laugh.一直在旁观看的小孩们开始
笑了起来。（人主--who/that)
The boy (whom) you saw yesterday is here now.你昨天见到的那个男孩现在就在那儿。（You saw the boy, 人宾--whom(that)可省可代）
The house whose windows are broken is scary.窗户破了的那所房子很恐怖。（the windows of the house, 物的-whose=of which,定语)
I shall never forget the day when I entered the university. 我永远不会忘记上大学
的那一天。
This is the factory where I worked three years ago.这就是我三年前工作过的工厂。
（I worked in the factory)
He didn't tell me the reason why he was so sad.他没有告诉我他那么伤心的原因。
( I don't know why he was so sad)
(2)限定性和非限定性.....（不可用that）
从句逗号，连接词从句作用
This is the book which(that) he gave me.(限定性定从）
He gave me a book yesterday, which is useful. （没有which句子完整，which不可精品文档．
精品文档来代替）省也不可用that 用于非限定定语从句）As和which （3
As “正如.......”；( 位置可前可后）
Which “这.....”（因果关系，位置：主句，which...)
He was late again, as could be expected. 他又迟到了，正如预料的那样。
He was late again, which made me angry.他又迟到了，这让我很生气。
（4）介词+which/whom...... （根据习惯搭配；上下文意义确定介词）
The company in which I am working is a large one.我上班的那个公司是家大型公司。
( I am working in the company. The company is a large one.
The person with whom you talked is a famous writer. 和你谈话的那个人是一位有
名的作家。（You talked with the person. The person is a famous writer)
This is the program of which I was speaking.这就是我所说的节目。（I was speaking of the program. This is the program.)
（5）定语从句和同位语从句（修饰名词）
定从--根据成分确定关联词（主宾定状，人/物）
同位语--与被修饰名词是等同关系
根据从句类型确(陈述；一般、特殊）
对被修饰名词进一步说明
The news which he told me made happy.(the news 物主--which)
The news that he could come made me happy.(the news=he could come)
（6）定语从句和强调句型
强调句型---It is /was+被强调部分（除谓语外）+that +......
定语从句--It is +名词/代词+ that+.....
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精品文档It is...that=We met in this shop It is in this shop that we met yesterday. （去掉
yesterday)
句子不完整）It is the shop where we met yesterday.(去掉It is...that ）插入语（7位置：在关联词之后
关联词不变
含义变窄
They went to the place where they believed they could find food.
This is the book which he said is useful for us.
3.状语从句的连接词---逐一记忆
1.) 时间.....
（1.）when 特指过去或将来的某一时刻（be doing/be about to)
正当.....突然
as 两个动作同时发生
while 一段时间
然而；却（AB两者的对比）
He entered the room when the meeting was going on.(他进房间是会议进行的时候）He sang songs as he was talking a bath.(唱歌和洗澡两个动作同时进行）
I stayed home while he was away.( 我待在家是在他离开的那段时间）
He knew how to answer the question, while I couldn't answer it.(他知道答案与我不
知道怎么回答之间的对比）
（2.）before (一段时间）之前
after 在....之后
until 直到...为止（A...延续...B）
not....until 直到.....才（A...非延续性动词...B，not放句首，需倒装）
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精品文档我会等到他回来为止。'll wait until he comes back.I 直到他告诉我，我才直到这个消息。Not until he told me did I know it.as soon as
一...就(3) he moment=the minute=the instant
immediately
once
放句首须倒装hardly/barely/scarcely....when
No sooner......than
The instant the result came out, she told us.结果一出来，她就告诉我们。
Immediately he came home, I told him about it.他一回家，我就把消息告诉他）
Jack had hardly seen me when he left the room.
（4) any time随时；任何时候
each time 每次（个别）
every time每次（整体）
the day 那一天
the year那一年
You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。
Every time I met him, I found him to be taller. 每次我见到他，感觉他又长高了。
2.)地点....
Where 特指
Wherever 泛指，无论何处
Everywhere每个地方
Anywhere 任何地方
You should put the book where it was.
Wherever you go, you must obey the law.不论到何处，都必须守法。
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精品文档他们每到之处都受到又好接待。Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.
so）直接原因（主句+because, 不加)3.原因.... (因为）because+
间接原因+As/since/now that/in that
/seeing/considering that
+for)
For +推测的根据（主句，
We did not go out because it was raining.(我们没外出的直接原因是下雨）It is morning, for the birds are singing. （根据鸟儿的歌唱声判断是清晨）.....
4.)结果....that 副词）so（形容词/ 如此....以至于....that
（名词）Such
（放主句之后）So that; that; so
t catch up him.
'He ran so fast that I couldn He gave me such good advice that I finish the task easily.
He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.
......
目的5.)can/should/will等连用）So that 为了（放主句前/后，常与情态动词
为了In order that
Lest; for fear that 害怕；唯恐
In case 以防；万一
He spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him.
Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.
I hid the book for fear that she could see it.
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6.)条件如果（强调两种可能性）If
Unless =if...not 如果....不（唯一条件）
Only if “只要”（放句首要倒装）
If only 但愿；要是（用虚拟语气）
If you have a good eating habit, you can stay healthy.(如果有好的饮食习惯，就能保
持健康，如果没有，就无法保持）
I will not lend the book to you unless you can return it in time.(我可以借书给你，前
提是你要按时归还）
Only if you study hard will you pass the final-examination. 只要你努力学习，就能通
过期末考试。）
If only it would stop raining.要是雨停了就好了(还在下雨，表达一种愿望）As long as 只要（后者的前提，说话者的愿望）
On condition that 条件是（强调前提条件）
Suppose/supposing假设
Given/provided that 鉴于(条件)
I'll lend it to you as long as you take good care of it.
I'll buy it on condition that the goods are of good quality.
Suppose you had one million dollars, what would you do?
7.)让步......
尽管though（不用but)
although(语气更重，多用于句首）
即使(可能、假设）even if
even though
无论whether....or
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名词whatever+
形容词however+
no matter what(how/where/when)
尽管她可能告诉Although he may have told you, I still think she is not to be trusted. 过你了，我还是觉得她不可信。
他即便是个有能力的人，我也不't hire him though he is quite a capable man.I won 想雇佣他。纵然失败，我仍会继续尝试。'Even though I fail, Ill keep on trying.Whatever may happen, we will not change our pan.
However often you ring, no one will answer.
.... 方式8.)
as 正如....
as if/ as though (加虚拟语气）
the way 正如；按照
You should do as I tell you.你要按照我说的去做。
He looks as if she were ill.他好像是生病了。
He acted as though nothing had happened.他表现得像什么也没发生似的。
9.)比较......
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精品文档As/so.....as 同.... 一样
比较级.....than 比....更
(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—形容词的难题汇编及答案解析
一、选择题 1．I drank a large cup of coffee yesterday evening, and it kept me ______ all night. A．intelligent B．patient C．absent D．awake 2．China is ________ country in the world. A．the third largest B．the largest third C．the third large D．a third largest 3．一Lucy, do you have any plans to spend your five-day holiday? 一I will go to Xiamen a second time. I have never visited city A．a most fantastic B．the most fantastic C．a more fantastic D．the more fantastic 4．I'm surprised that Jenny is 42. I thought she was , for she seems to be in her thirties. A．younger B．older C．young D．old 5．Some students are so . They often make mistakes in their homework. A．careful B．serious C．careless D．successful 6．Choice is life’s ________ gift. It is the ability to choose some actions from a set of things to achieve a goal. A．greater B．greatest C．the greatest 7．All of us are ______ about the ______ news that Beijing will hold the Winter Olympics in 2022. A．excited; exciting B．exciting; excited C．excited; excite D．exciting; excite 8．—Let’s go to Wanda Movie Theater? It has a large screen. —But it is _____________ of all the cinemas in Jinan. A．expensive B．more expensive C．most expensive D．the most expensive 9．A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape． A．30-minute B．30-minutes C．30 minute's D．30-minutes' 10．Mr. Black’s memory is getting . As a result, he often leaves his keys at home. A．older B．poorer C．greater D．better 11．The sky in Zhengzhou these days is even , so we don’t have to wear the masks. A．more clearly B．more clearlier C．fresher D．more fresher 12．Steven is always ready to help others. What a(n)______ boy! A．kind B．healthy C．honest D．clever 13．—More and more cities in China begin to build subways! —That’s right! It will make our lives than before. A．the busiest B．busier C．the easiest D．easier 14．— How was your job interview yesterday? —Oh, I couldn’t feel ______.I could hardly answer most of the questions they asked. A．worse B．easier C．better D．happier 15．you speak,_ your English will be. A．The less; the more B．The more; the better
初中英语语法从句讲解
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以下是一些基本的从句知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例：The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 格先行词主格宾格所有格 人who whom whose 物which which whose 、of which 人、物that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和whose的用法 1）who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。2）whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如：Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗？ This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。（在非正式 英语中，主格who代替了宾格whom，亦可省略） 3）whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。例如：The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad.
(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—副词的真题汇编含答案
一、选择题 1．Tom gets to school early every day, so he is ___________ late for class. A．never B．sometimes C．usually 2．Harry________ eats vegetables, although it’s good for his health. A．hardly ever B．usually C．always 3．My mother ________ at five o’clock. A．usually gets B．usually gets up C．gets up usually D．get usually up 4．Jack sings _________ and he is a _________ singer(歌手). A．nice; good B．well; good C．good; well 5．Who jumped ________, Tom or Jack? A．the farthest B．furthest C．farther D．the farther 6．Li Hua studies very_______ and her English is_______ in her class. A．hardly; good B．hardly; well C．hard; best D．hard; the best 7．________of the people here live on rice, and the people there live________on wheat. A．Mostly; mostly B．Most; mostly C．Mostly; most D．Most; most 8．Being _______, the novel based upon real-life events sells ________. A．very worth being read; good B．well worth reading; good C．well worth reading; well D．very worth reading; well 9．Helen was so excited at the news that she could ________ say a word. A．ever B．almost C．hardly 10．—Every student likes Ms. Wang very much. —Yes. She________makes her lessons interesting. A．never B．always C．Sometime 11．The meeting room isn’t _______ for all the students to sit _______. A．enough big, / B．big enough, / C．large enough, in D．enough large, by 12．—Our volleyball team achieved great success in the match again. —Wow ! Few could play ______, I think. A．better B．well C．worse D．badly 13．The old man lives ___________ ， but he doesn't feel ________ . A．lonely； alone B．alone； lonely C．alone； alone D．lonely； lonely 14．—Kitty is very good at musical instruments. —Yes, she is. She can play the guitar almost her guitar teacher. A．as better as B．as good as C．as well as D．so well as 15．My uncle doesn’t like fast food, so he _____eats it.. A．always B．often C．sometimes D．seldom
英语语法从句讲解
从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]
1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
(完整)初中英语语法一般现在时专题
##教育6T教材系列 一般现在时专题 时间：年月日老师电话：一、兴趣导入 猜一猜 人的一生有三天，是哪三天？ 答案：昨天、今天、明天 二、学前测试 选择题。 ( ) 1 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ( )2. What big____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 3. -Can we have some ___? -Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear ( ) 4 Please remember to give the horse some tree___. A. leafs B. Leaves C. leaf D. leave ( )5. She hasn't brought ____ book with her. Will you lend her ____? A. hers, your B. her, your C. hers, yours D. her, yours ( )6. China is ______ old country with ______ long history. A.an, a B. a, a C. an, the D. an, an ( )7. My sister is a student of ________. A. the First Class B. Class One C. One Class D. Class First ( )8. The government of Chongqing is building ________ cheap and good houses for the people. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 三、知识讲解 【No. 1】一般现在时的定义及构成 1.定义：一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。
英语语法英语从句完全汇总
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