仁爱版英语八年级上册语法知识汇总

仁爱版英语八年级上册语法知识汇总
仁爱版英语八年级上册语法知识汇总

仁爱版英语八年级上册语法知识汇总

Ⅰ. 反身代词(Reflexive Pronouns)

反身代词即自身代词,是表示或强调自身的代词,有人称和数之分。意为“自己,本身,亲自”。

2.反身代词的用法

(1)作动词或介词的宾语。如:

Jane teaches herself English. 简自学英语。

They enjoyed themselves at the party last night. 在昨晚的晚会上,他们玩得很开心。

You must learn to look after yourselves. 你们必须学会照顾自己。

The boy can’ t make the model plane by himself. 那个男孩不能独自制作飞机模型。

(2)作主语或宾语的同位语。如:

I myself do not agree. 我本人不同意。

I want to ask Tom himself about it. 关于这件事,我想去间间汤姆本人。

You'd better ask your teacher about it yourself. 你最好自已去问你的老师

注:反身代词与某些动词连用时表示某种特定的意义。如:

Help yourself to some meat, please. 请随便吃些内

Ⅱ. 情态动词(Modal Verbs)

情态动词有其自身词汇意义,表示或暗示某种情绪或说话者对某一动作或状态的态度,如可能、愿意、愿望、建议、必要、允许等。但它们的词义不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须和具有实在意义的动词一起构成谓语。情态动词通常没有人称和数的变化,其后要跟动词原形。

英语中的情态动词主要有can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need等。

注:美式英语中常用must not而不用mustn’t,mayn’t,mightn’t 和shan’t也很少用。

1.can(could)的基本用法

(1)表示能力。如:

Can you play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗

She couldn’t come yesterday because she was ill. 她昨天不能来是因为她病了。

(2)表示请求,允许。如:

Could you show me the way?你可否告诉我怎么走?

You can borrow my dictionary. 你可以借我的词典。

注:表示请求、允许时,could比can语气更委婉。

(3)表示可能。如:

The moon can’t always be full. 月有阴睛圆缺。

Could it be Henry?可能是亨利吗?

注:表示可能性时,could比can表示的可能性小

2.may(might)的基本用法

(1)表示可能,但不肯定,通常用于陈述句肯定式,暗含不确定。如:

A fever may cause a headache. 发烧可能会引起头痛。

He might get there in time. 他可能会及时赶到那里。

注:might比may的可能性小,更具有不确定性。

(2)表示允许或征求同意,多用于肯定句和疑问句中。如:

You may use my pen. 你可以用我的笔

May I park here?我可以在这儿停车吗?

Might I use your phone?找可以用你的电话吗?

注:在提出请求时,might比may语气更委婉,更有礼貌。

(3)might是may的过去式,常用于间接引语中。如:

She said that she might go home later. 她说她可能晚点回家。

注:句型Can / May/ Could/ Might I...?表示请求对方许可。其中can语气最不正式;could语气比较客气、委婉;may/ might用于正式场合,语气恭敬;might比may更为客气。如:

Can I sit beside you?我可以坐在你旁边吗?

May I use your car?我可以用你的车吗?

Could you give me a hand?你能帮我个忙吗?

Might I have your email address?我可以要你的电子邮箱地址吗?

回答时可以说:

肯定:Of course . / Yes, you can / may

否定:No, you can’t / may not.

3. must的基本用法

(1)表示义务,可用于肯定句和疑问句中。如:

You must take care of your parents. 你必须照你的父母。

Must we send our children to school?我们必须送孩子们去上学吗?

(2)must的否定式,表示不许,禁止。如:

You must not play on the road.不许在路上玩要。

(3)must表示推测,意为“一定,准是”。如:

The letter must be from her pen pal. 这封信一定是她笔友寄来的。

(4)表示劝告,必须做某事,表明事情的必要性与重要性。如:

You must do more exercise. 你必须多锻炼。

注:回答含有must的疑问句时,要用don’ t have to或needn’t作为否定回答,不能用musn’t。如:—Must we keep the windows open all the time?我们得一直让窗户开着吗?

—No,you don’t have to. / No, you needn’t. 不,没有必要。

must和have to的比较

must和have to都有“必须”的含义,但各自的侧重点不同:must强调说话者的主观看法,而have to 强调客观的需要。如:

I must leave now. 我现在得走了。(我想走)

She missed the bus and had to walk home. 她没赶上公共汽车,只好步行回家。(错过公共汽车等客观原因导致她不得不步行回家)

must没有人称、数和时态的变化,have to则有。如:

I had to borrow some money at that time. 那时我只好借些钱。

4.shall 和should的基本用法

(1)shall的用法

表示征询意见,主要用于第一人称的疑问句中。如:

Shall I take you to the hospital?要不要我带你去医院?

(2)should的用法

①表示义务。如:

We should save water. 我们应该节约用水。

we should protect the environment. 我们应当保护环境

②表示提出或征询建议。如:

You should go to see a doctor. 你应当去看医生。

You shouldn’t always stay at home and play computer games.你不应该总是待在家里玩电游戏。

5.will和would的基本用法

will指将来,would通常指过去的将来。

(1)在陈述句中表示意愿。如:

I will do my best to help you. 我定会尽力帮助你。

I told the teacher that I would go along with her. 我对老师说我要跟她一起去。

(2)表示请求、邀请或个人的看法、想法。如:

Will you help me send this letter?帮我把这封信奇走好吗?

Would you pass me that book?请把那本书递给我好吗?

注:在提出请求时,would比will语气更委婉。

6.need的基本用法

表示必要性,多用于疑问句、否定句或否定意义的句子中。如:

You needn't hurry. 你不必着急。

一Need I repeat it?需要我重复吗?

一No, you needn’t. 不,不必了。

注:need也可用作实义动词。如:

You need to show your school card. 你需要出示校卡。

Your jacket needs washing, I’m afraid. 我想你的夹克该洗了。

7.had better意为”最好”或”应该”,是提出建议的一种方式。如:

You had better go to see a doctor. 你最好去看医生。

You’d better not eat spicy food. 你最好别吃辛辣的食物。

8. used to意为“过去常常;曾经”。表示过去的习惯动作或状态,并且这种情况现在不复存在,其否定形式为didn’t use to。如:

My father used to be a farmer, but now he is an office worker.我父亲过去是农民,但现在是职员

He didn’t use to go there. 他过去不常去那里。

Did he use to come by bus?他过去常乘公共汽车来吗?

Ⅲ. 形容词的比较等级(Comparative and Superlative Degrees of Adjectives)

1.比较等级的含义

形容词有三个比较等线:(1)原级(positive degree),即原形;(2)比较级(comparative degree),示“较……"或“更…一些”;(3)最高级(superlative degree),表示“最……

表示两者的比较时用比较级。如

This room is bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大。

表示三者或三者以上中“最……”时,用最高级。如:

The rabbit is the smallest of them. 兔子是它们中最小的。

2.形容词的比较等级

形容词比较等级的规则变化

注:(1)形容词比较等级所加的-er和-est,自成一个音节,分别读作/ ? /和/ ?st /。如:

quick quicker quickest

happy happier happiest

形容词原级的词尾为字母r,在加-er和-est时,r要发/ r /音。如:

near nearer nearest

clever cleverer cleverest

如果形容词原级词尾的发音为/ ? /,在加-er和-est时,/ ? /音后须加一个/ g /音。如:

long longer longest

strong stronger strongest

(2)有些形容词的比较等级用-er和-est或more和most皆可,如clever,lovely等。当代英语似平有多用more和most的趋势。

(3)表示“较不……”和“最不……”时,可用less与least。如:

difficult less difficult least difficult

3.形容词比较等级的基本用法

(1)比较级:常用于“比较级+than”结构。如:

Cats are more lovely than other animals. 猫比其他动物更可爱。

This article is less difficult than that one. 这篇文章不如那篇文章难。

(2)最高级:常用“the+最高级+比较范围”结构,比较范围常用of,in,among引导的短语表达。如:The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders in the world. 中国长城是世界上最伟大的奇观之一。

I think roses are the most beautiful of all the flowers. 我认为攻瑰花在所有的花中是最漂亮的。She was the eldest among them. 她是他们当中年纪最大的。

注:在一定的上下文中,形容词最高级后的名词(所谓的中心词)可省去。如:

He is the youngest in the class. 他是班上年龄最小的学生。

4. 比较结构中还须注意以下问题:

(1)比较级与最高级的结构可以转换,意思不变。如:

The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China. 在中国,长江比其他河流都长。

The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. 在中国,长江比其他任何河流都长。

The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。

(2)当某一事物与其他事物作比较时,被比较事物中不能包括本身。如:

He is taller than any other student in his class. 他比班上其他学生都高。

Shanghai is larger than any city in Hubei. 上海比湖北任何一个城市都大。

(3)如果比较对象相同,可用that / those代替第二个比较对象。如:

The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Wuhan. 上海的天气比武汉的天气要好。

The texts in Book Ⅲ are much easier than those in book Ⅳ. 第三册的课文要比第四册的容易得多。(4)两个比较级用and连在一起可表达全面增加或减少,意为“越来越……”。如:

The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越和。

She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她越来越漂亮。

(5)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越………”。如:

The more, the better. 越多越好。

The more you practice, the easier it becomes. 你练得越多,做起来就变得越容易。

(6) 表示两者中“较……”时,用“the +形容词比较级+of短语”来表达。如:

He is the taller of the two. 他是两人中较高者。

(7)形容词的比较级可用much,a little,a lot,even等修饰,使原来的比较级在语意上更加明确。如:Chickens are much smaller than cows. 鸡要比奶牛小得多。

This movie is a little more interesting than that one. 这部电影比那部更有趣一些。

This will make our job even more difficult. 这会使我们的工作变得更困难。

Ⅳ.一般将来时( The Future Tense )

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow,soon,later,next week ( month,year…),in a few days ( months,years,)等。

1.由“助动词will / shall +动词原形”构成。

表示未来的事实或对将来的预测。在口语中,will在代词后常缩写为’ll , will not常缩写为

2.由“be going to +动词原形”构成。

表示打算、计划、愿意要做的事情或有迹象表明即将发生的事,也用来表示自然现象。如:

— What are you going to do this Sunday? 这个星期日你打算干什么?

—I’m going to play basketball with my classmates. 我打算和我的同学们去打篮球。

Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain. 那些乌云!快要下雨了。

3.现在进行时表示将来。

表示位置移动的动词go,come,leave,fly,start,meet,move等,可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。如:

When are you starting out? 你们什么时候出发?

I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天离开

4.一般现在时表示将来。

(1) 表示按计划要发生的事。如:

The train leaves/ arrives at 10:45. 火车十点四十五分开/到。

(2)在时间或条件状语从句中用一现在时表示将来。如:

When she comes,I’ll tell her about it. 她来时我将把这件事告诉她。

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,I’ll go to the zoo. 如果明天不下雨,我就去动物园。

注:There be句用在一股将来时中,其结构为: There will be … / There is/are going to be …如:

There will be another relay race this afternoon. 今天下午还将有一场接力赛

There is going to be a school sports meet next weekend. 下周末将有一场校运动会。

V. 过去进行时( The Past Continuous Tense)

过去进行时表示过去某个时间或某段时间正在进行的动作。

1.过去进行时的构成

过去进行时由“was / were +现在分词(v.-ing)”构成。以动词read为例,将过去进行时的肯定式、否定式、

注:*代表自问自答。

2.过去进行时的基本用法

(1)过去进行时表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,时间状语往往是表示过去某一时间点。如:What were you doing at 8:30 this morning? 今天早上八点半你在干什么?

When I called him,he was having dinner. 当我给他打电话的时候,他正在吃晚饭。

(2)过去进行时还表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。如:

What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday? 昨天七点到九点你在干什么?

I was reading the whole morning yesterday. 昨天整个上午我都在看书。

(3)一般过去时和过去进行时的比较

一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,而过去进行时则表示在过去某

时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。如:

He wrote a letter yesterday evening. 他昨晚写了一封信。(信写完了)

He was writing a letter yesterday evening. 他昨晚一直在写一封信。(信不一定写完)

Ⅵ. 感叹句( Exclamatory Sentences)

用以表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句。感叹句句末常用感叹号,亦可用句号,一般读降调。常用的感叹句的构成方法有三种:

1.陈述句、疑问句可构成感叹句。如:

It sounds great! 听起来真棒!

Isn’t it interesting! 真是有趣极了!

Collecting stamps must be great fun! 集邮一定很有趣!

2.单词或短语均可构成感叹句(省去其他句子成分)。如:

Oh,my god! 天啊!

Help! 救命!

Look! 瞧!

Look out! 小心!

Great! 太好了!

Excellent! 棒极了!

Wonderful! 太精彩了!

Come on! 加把劲!/加油!

Well done! 干得好!

3.将感叹词how或what置于它所修饰的词前面,即可构成感叹句。how修饰形容词或副词, what修饰名词短语。现代英语中感叹句往往不加主谓成分。如:

How clever (he is)! 他多聪明呀!

What a clever boy! 他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊!

What interesting books! 多有趣的书啊!

What sweet music! 多动听的音乐啊!

Ⅶ. 宾语补足语( Object Complement)

宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分,通常置于宾语之后。宾语和宾语补足语共同构成复合宾语,构成逻辑上的主谓关系。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语等。

1.名词短语用作宾语补足语。如:

He called it Mickey Mouse. 他把它叫做米老鼠。

We are making our school a beautiful garden. 我们正努力使校国变成一个美的花园。

2.形容词短语用作宾语补足语。如:

The Internet makes the world smaller. 互联网使世界变得小了。

The news made her sad. 这消息使她感到悲伤。

3.副词短语用作宾语补足语。如:

Put them away,please. 请把它们收起来。

Don’t leave with lights on. 离开时请关灯。

4.介词短语用作宾语补足语。如:

She found the dog under the table. 她发现狗在桌子下面。

5.动词不定式短语用作簧语补足语。如:

She wants you to call her back soon. 她想让你马上回电话。

I prefer him not to come. 我宁愿他不来。

注:有些动词如feel,see,hear,watch,make,let,have等用不带to的不定式或不定式短语作宾语补足语。如:

A special language makes computers talk with each other. 一种专门的语言使电脑之间能相互通话。

6.分词短语用作宾语补足语。如:

I can hear someone coming. 我听到有人来了。

I found all the windows broken. 我发现所有的窗户都破了。

仁爱版八年级上册英语知识点汇总(完整版)原版

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春仁爱英语八年级下册语法知识点

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上册 1、迈克尔:嗨,康康! 康康:嗨,迈克尔! ?? 迈克尔: ?。 康康: ?, ? ??。 迈克尔: 。 , ??比赛了。 康康: ?能赢。 迈克尔: 。 ?加油 ? 康康:当然, 。 2、迈克尔: ?动 ,玛利亚? 玛利亚:当然 了?。 迈克尔: 。 ?员谁? 玛利亚:勒布朗·詹姆斯。 呢? 迈克尔: ?。 玛利亚: 了解他 ? 迈克尔: 。他高2.26米。他 NBA?斯 ? 员。 他??动员。 ?。?做 ? 玛利亚: 当 ?学家。 3、 ?动。 ? , ?爬山。 ??小时。

学 ? , ?好。 ?远。 学 ?开动 。 加 高?和远。 学? 加油?。 他 ? 赢。 4、康康:迈克尔, 能 ?? 迈克尔:当然。怎 了? 康康: ??比赛。 ? 员 ?了。 能加 ? ? 迈克尔: 。 ?好。 ?? 康康: 。 ! ?。 康康和迈克尔? 上 ?。 康康:迈克尔, ?。然 ?传 。 迈克尔: 起, 没 中。 康康:没 。 。 ?。 迈克尔:好 。 5、康康:迈克尔, 了, 没 传?。 迈克尔: 思? ?。 ? 。 康康: 了?! 玛 亚:康康,迈克尔, 了。迈克尔 ?好, 他 了?。

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仁爱版八年级英语上册 期末复习知识点汇编精华版 Unit 1 &考点词汇 against , cheer, team , win , join , club , volleyball ,dream , grow , future , record ,gold , hour , baseball ,heart , relax , leave , ill , mind , practice , throw , myself,care1ess , chance , nothing , invent, score , side , follow ,become , however , tired , mile , instead , habit , feel ,foreign , maybe , shall , pick , hit , winner , finish ,encourage , visitor , environment , modem , ring , symbol &目标短语 cheer... on 为……加油quite a bit/ a lot 许多,大量play for为……效力grow up 长大成人,成长in the future 今后,在将来give up 放弃 take part in =be in =take part in参加,加入both...and... 两个都,既……又…… spend... (in) doing sth.=spend…on sth. 花费(时间)做…… pretty well 相当好 all over the world=throughout the world=around the world全世界be good for 对……有益 keep fit=keep healthy=stay healthy保持健康leave for 动身去某地fall ill=be ill 患病 arrive in/ at(小地点用at,大地点用in) =get to=reach到达(某地) be glad to (do)乐意于… right away=right now=at once=in a minute 立刻,马上make one's bed 整理床铺 do sb. a favor=give sb. a hand=help sb. 帮助某人shout at sb. 朝某人大叫 be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气be angry at/about sth.因某事而生气(注意:be有形式变化) do one's best=try one’s best 尽(某人)最大努力(后接不定时to do形式) keep doing sth. 继续做某事tum down 关小,调低(反):turn up开大,调高;turn on打开(反):turn off 关闭 take a seat =have a seat =sit down 坐下,就座as well 也,还有instead of 代替,而不是 more and more 越来越(多的) (反):less and less越来越(少)stand for 象征build up 使……增强(buil sb. up增强某人体质)at least 至少,不少于 be ready for=get ready for=prepare for 为……作准备 be able to=can 能够(后接动词原形,be 有各种形式,can只有时态变化) have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得高兴(oneself为反身代词,根据主语用相应形式) &重点句型 1. We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three on Sunday. 2. I hope our team will win. 3. —Which sport do you prefer , cycling or rowing? —I prefer rowing. 4. —Are you going to join the school rowing club? —Yes , I am. / No , I'm not. 5. —What are you going to be when you grow up? —I'm going to be a dancer. 6. She spends half an hour doing exercise in the gym every day. 7. They are sure that she will win. 8. —Michael , could you please do me a favor? —Sure. What is it? 9. —Would you mind if I try it again? —Certainly not. Please do. 10. —I'm sorry I'm late for class. —That's OK. Please take a seat. 11. That's very kind of you , but I can manage it myself. 12. What do you mean by saying that? 13. We are sure to win next time. 14. I'll take part in the school meet. 15. There will be another exciting relay race this afternoon.

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