1句子成分及基本句型
十大词类:名词/动名词动词形容词副词介词连词冠词数词语气词/感叹词
副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的，但有少量的单词（likely fiendly lovely lonely weekly monthly yearly ）需要加强记忆，考试往往就考特殊！
常见的连词有：and、but、or 、both .. and 、neither..nor 、not only ..but also 、when 、where、before、after 、if 等
练习一
划出后缀，根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。
1 scientist
2 singer
3 conversation
4 beautiful
5 loudly
6 famous
7 government
8 dangerous
9 instruction 10 careful 11 lively 12 safeties 13 national 14 traditional 15 illnesses 16 wonderful 17 competitions 18 information 19 successful 20 natural 21 illnesses 22 lovely 23 really
24 friendly 25 usually 26 yearly 27 advertisement
友情提示:1.一个单词多种词性是很普遍的现象,这里的词性是指常见的词性2.本题中加ly并不都是副词，小心为好！
判断下列句子中划线单词的词性。
1、Mary dances well. 2 His father is reading.
3 Tom is looking for his watch.
4 He often plays violin after school.
5 Mr. Green works in a university.
6 The teacher taught us an English song.
7 I have bought this pen for two years. 8 Nothing can live without water.
9 You may keep this dictionary for two weeks. 10 You can…t agree with me .
五种基本句型
主系表/主谓/主谓宾/主谓宾宾/主谓宾宾补
主语：动作的发出者，名词、动名词、不定式、从句
谓语/系动词：谓语动词，系动词（be动词、感官动词、表示变换及状态的词）
表语：常用于系动词之后，名词、形容词，表语从句
宾语：动作的承受者，名词、动名词、非谓语、代词、从句，宾语从句
定语：相当于形容词，修饰名词或者句子，单个定语放于名词之前，短语或者句子放于名词之后，定语从句
状语：目的、方式、条件、让步、虚拟、时间、地点、原因、结果等，状语从句
补语：对部分内容进行补充说明，宾语补足语
同位语：与修饰的部分具有相同的地位，相同的指代，同位语从句
找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。
1 Tom is a student.
2 He is fat.
3 I am tired .
4 We are students.
5 The bag was lost .
6 The boy was foolish .
7 They were kind.
8 She is in the room.
9 The books are on the desk. 10 Snow is white. 11 Kate was here yesterday.
12 My father became a teacher in 1978. 13 The weather gets hot in summer. 14 She looks beautiful.
15 The flower smells good. 16 We were very happy. 17 You are right.
18 The soup tastes delicious. 19 The chair is yours. 20 The children are asleep.
21 The story is interesting. 22 He feels better today. 23 The leaf turns green.
24 I stayed awake all the night. 25 The weather still remained cold in April. 26 The little girl is six.
27 My work is to look after the baby. 28 His job is taking care of the patient. 29 The girl is very pretty.
30 He went mad. 31 Please don?t get angry. 32 The weather is getting colder and colder.
33 You look angry. 34 She looks like her mother. 35 You look unhappy, what?s the matter?
36 Those roses smell beautiful. 37 This tastes nice. What?s in it? 38 Do you feel happy?
39 He remained silent. 40 The weather is going to stay fine. 41 M y job is teaching English．
42 She is at home．43 I feel terrible．44 He is older than he looks．
45 He seen interested in the book．46 The story sounds interesting．47 The desk feels hard．
48 The cake tastes nice．49The flowers smell sweet and nice．50You have grown taller than before．
51 He has suddenly fallen ill．52 He stood quite still．53He becomes a teacher .．54 He looks well.
55 It sounds nice. 56 I feel good. gg smells bad. 58 He became a teacher at last.
59 His face turned red. 60 Is he an English teacher, Chinese teacher or Japanese teacher?
1.He will come tomorrow.
2.He is working now.
3.He works at this factory .
4.He often swims in the river.
5.om is always late for school.
6.I have never been to Shanghai.
7.My Chinese is very good .
8.He runs quite fast.
9.He works hard。10.It is too hot .
五种基本句型之
主语＋谓语＋宾语
动词后面接名词或代词作宾语对所有及物动词都行得通的，但并不是所有的及物动词后面都可以接动词不定式或动名词。这里有三种情况：其一、有些动词后面只可以接动词不定式，其二、有些动词后面只可以接动名词，其三、有些动词两者都可以接,记忆这些单词的用法的秘诀如下：
秘诀之一：下面的动词后面只可以接动名词，一句话要决记之：
“megafeps”(霉咖啡不吃)
mind（介意）、miss（错过）、enjoy（喜欢）、give up（放弃）、admit（承认）、avoid（避免）、finish（完成）、escape （逃脱）、practise（练习）、suggest(建议)
秘诀之二：下面的动词后面只可以接动词不定式,一句话要诀记之：
“要想干，同意办，愿意不愿意，决定尽量干。”
A.要求，想要，希望(want、wish、hope、expect、intend、mean)
B.同意(agree、promise)
C.意愿(care、hate、refuse)
D.决定，企图(determine、decide、offer、attempt、try、manage)
秘诀之三：下面的动词既可以跟动名词又可跟动词不定式
begin to do something\doing something start to do something\doing something
continue to do something\doing something forget to do something\doing something
remember to do something\doing something regret to do something\doing something
like to do something\doing something love to do something\doing something
hate to do something\doing something try to do something\doing something
mean.to do something\doing something
一判断下列句子是主谓结构还是主谓宾结构，如果是主谓宾结构请指出是由什么充当的宾语（名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等等）
1 He arrived yesterday.
2 The boy is crying loudly.
3 She died in 2000.
4 The man disappeared in the street.
5 I like music.
6 She wanted some help
7 I slept well last night. 8 Iom built a house last year. 9 I bought a computer in the street yesterday
10 .Tom often swims in the river 11 .My sister works in that factory. 12 .The sun is rising.
13 .They know him. 14 .He enjoys listening to music. 15 .My watch has stopped.
16 .It is snowing hard. 17 .My grandma coughed all night. 18 .She was cooking.
19 .I found a box under the bed. 20 .Kate described the picture. 21 .I hate to go there.
22 .He remembered telling you. 23 .His aunt will come. 24 .The farmer works very hard.
25 .The flowers need watering. 26 .We usually watch TV on Saturday evening. 27 .She has cleaned the room.
28 .He liked collecting stamps. 29 .Both of them work in the school library.
30 .Kate is running fast. 31 .The ship moves slowly. 32 .He wanted two boxes watches.
33 .I read every book in the school library. 34 .You can understand me. 35 .We can watch TV.
36 .The children are reading carefully. 37 .Mr. Smith speaks very fast. 38 .The train has arrived.
39 .They won?t come today. 40 .You mustn?t talk loud. 41 .You will close the door.
42 .She decided to wait. 43 .I met one of my friends in Beijing. 44 .He passed the exam last year.
45 .China has a large population. 46 .He knows a little English. 47 .I have received your letter.
48 .The students answered the questions. 49 .He is beginning a new life. 50 .He learned to ride a bike yesterday. 51 .Have you finished writing? 52 .I suggest trying it once more. 53 .I want to go to college.
54 .She often dances in the park. 55 .Kate often studies at school at night.
主语＋谓语＋间接宾语（somebody）＋直接宾语(something)
"间接宾语"，多由代词或名词充当；"直接宾语"，往往由名词充当。这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。（所有能带双宾语的动词含义的内核含有一个“给”字。常见的这类谓语动词有：
give, bring, tell leave, read, take, teach, lend, pay, send, pass, write, show, get buy hand She brought me a shirt . Pass him the dictionary, please. I lend him my bicycle.
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语
ask somebody to do something tell somebody to do something want somebody to do something
1. I asked him to have dinner.
2.He told me to clean the room.
3.Tom wanted me to meet him .
宾语不足语来帮助宾语来补充说明，除了动词不定式（短语）作宾补之外，还有
doing \不带to的动词不定式\介词短语\形容词等等。
1.I saw a thief stealing something.
2.He made me go home.
3.Her mother kept her in the room .
想办法记住动词后面是跟什么样的宾补：
动词后面是跟带to的动词不定式（动词不定式可以分为带to的动词不定式和不带to的不定式两种，不带to的不定式实际上就是动词原形）作宾补的。order want tell invite ask beg advise allow warn teach
动词后面可以跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补的：一感二听三让五看半帮助
这里:一感（feel）二听（hear\listen to ）三让（let \make\have）五看（see\watch\notice\observe\look at）半帮助（help）. 即：feel hear listen to let make leave see watch notice observe look at help
动词后面是跟doing作宾补的，上面的单词中除了三让（have\let\make）半帮助（help）不能跟dong作宾补之外，其它都是可以的。（即：一感二听五看，实际上它们都属于感官动词）
一判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型。
1.I watch the boy playing foot ball.
2.My good friend told me a story
3.Tom lent me a pencil.
4.LiLi noticed two dogs fight .
5.I looked at her flying a kite .
6.Please hand me the paper .
7.The lion ordered the hen to give him some eggs. 8.He wanted you to go with him.
9.Lu Yang told the little boy to go home. 10. She asks me to help her . 11.My parents leave me some money . 12.Lucy leads me a pencil . 13.Mother got me some tea . 14.LiLei found 100 yuan in the room.
15.He showed me her photos . 16.The fans made Lin Junjie a famous star. 17.Mom let me in.
18.The rich man bought his son an MP4. 19.The teacher observes the boy sleep.
20.The teacher made her monitor. 21.I saw the baby cry. 22.I paid him three yuan .
23.He passed me an eraser. 24.Lucy heard her neighbor singing 25.Tom teaches us English.
26.They asked the teacher to explain it again . 27.Let me read you his letter .
28.Would you sing us an English song ? 29.I will lend you something. 30.Did you notice me leave the house.
定语，即起到修饰限定作用的成分，主要是来修饰限定名词或代词的，举例如下：
a black dog （一只黑色的狗）
a 和black 都是定语，来修饰限定dog.，是一只（a）不是两只、三只，是黑色（black）不是白色的、黄色的等等the book on the desk (课桌上的那本书)
介词短语在这里是作定语修饰book，课桌上（on the desk）上的那本书，不是房间里的、凳子上的等等.
那么经常作定语的主要有：形容词、介词短语、冠词、代词（比如：his book 中his 是来作定语来修饰book的）数词。其中，形容词、介词短语作定语最常见，而且要注意其位置，形容词作定语一般在修饰词之前（前置定语），介词短语一般在修饰词之后（后置定语），你可以参见上面的例句。
现在来试试身手，请找出下面各句中所有的定语，并指出是由什么充当的定语。
1.The little boy needs a blue pen.
2.Two boys need two pens.
3.His boy needs Tom's pen.
4.There are two boys of Toms there.
5.The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.
6.The boy in blue is Tom.
7.There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.
——简单句的复杂化
1.Tom, Mike and I are good friends.(三个并列主语)
2.I got up ,washed my face, brushed my teeth and went to school .( 四个并列谓语)
3.I like music ,sport, traveling, surfing the Internet and listening to music .(五个并列宾语)
4.This is a well-known German medical school.(四个并列定语)
非谓语动词在“作怪”
1. To learn English is not easy.
2. He found it very difficult to get to sleep..
3. Lucy asked me to turn down the radio..
4. His wish was to become a scientist.
5. There is nothing to worry about.
6. He woke up to find everybody gone. .
7. Learning new words is very useful to me. 8. The music is exciting.
9. The boy singing now is a classmate of mine.. 10. One day she came into my room laughing happily.
11. The other students in the class keep their eyes closed. 12. Built in 1949,the exhibition hall is almost 50 years old.
非谓语动词从形式上来看有三种：to do\doing\done 。从名称来看有四种：动词不定式（to do ）、动名词(doing)、现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done)。
动词不定式可以作除了谓语以外的一切成分，动名词可以做主语、宾语、定语、表语，现在分词可以作状语、定语、表语、宾补，过去分词可以作状语、定语、表语、宾补。
一找出下面句子中的非谓语动词，并指出是作什么句子成分
1．To know him is to like him. 2. Mr. Brown has a large family to keep.
3. He stood up to see better..
4. They have started using computers in the library.
5. Her job is taking care of the wounded.
6. I watched them playing chess.
7. The computer needs repairing. 8. There is an old man wanting to see you.
9. I heard them quarrelling in the room. 10. Do you like teaching English?
13. To learn English is not easy. 14. He found it very difficult to learn maths
15. Lucy asked me to turn down the radio.. 16. His wish was to become a scientist.
17. There is nothing to worry about.. 18. He woke up to find everybody gone. .
19. Learning new words is very useful to me 20. The music is exciting.
21. The boy singing now is a classmate of mine. 22. One day she came into my room laughing happily.
23. The other students in the class keep their eyes closed. 24. Built in 1949,the exhibition hall is almost 50 years old.
翻译句子：
1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。_________________________________________________________________ 2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。_______________________________________________________________ 3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？_______________________________________________________________
4．他把车票给列车员看。_______________________________________________________________
5．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？_______________________________________________________________
7．他给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。_______________________________________________________________
1．我们叫她Alice. _______________________________________________________________
2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。_______________________________________________________________ 4．我要你把真相告诉我。_______________________________________________________________
5 .士兵建议我们立即离开。_______________________________________________________________
6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
_______________________________________________________________
8．我们不会让她在晚上外出的。_______________________________________________________________ 2．这个村子过去只有一口井。_______________________________________________________________
9．从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。
_______________________________________________________________
10．公共汽车来了。_______________________________________________________________
13．铃响了。_______________________________________________________________
十大词性 句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案)..
十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习 一、新课导入 个体名词 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 1.名词 抽象名词 专有名词 功能：表示人或事物的名称 人称代词： 主格 宾格 （注意it 的用法） 物主代词： 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词：this, that, these, those 单数：myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself 反身代词： 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves 2.代词 疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which. 简单不定代词：One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another, other, the other, others, the others 复合不定代词： somebody, anybody, nobody 不定代词 someone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything 功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数词等 3.数词： 基数词 序数词 功能：表数量或顺序 4.冠词： 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 //功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 表地点：at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath …. 表时间： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind, 5.介词： 表运动： across/ through/ over/ pass … 表方位：…. 其他 功能：用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系 可数名词 不可数名词
句子成分及基本句型
实用标准文档 文案大全句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来 担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名
词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.(名词)我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.(介词短语)他们在家里。 She got angry. (形容词)她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型 句子成分 A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或 “什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合 谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C. 表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. F．定语（Attribute）定语修饰名词或代词。 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known Betty’ｓsister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home. G．状语（Adverbial）用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school. 讲出划线部分的句子成分： 1．Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable. 2．I have a lot to say on this matter. 3．Please give me some advice. 4．She is quite all right now. 5． A lonely person is always alone. 6． A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.
初中句子成分和基本句型完整版
初中句子成分和基本句 型 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
句子成分和基本句型 句子包含哪些成分？ 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、{补语（complement）、同位语（apposite）} 1.主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful. Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends. 2.谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． Theyareteachers.Shelookswell. Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates. 3.表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面Iamateacher.Shefeelshappy. Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow. Hewentmad.Seeingisbelieving. 4.宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme. IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon. Ithinkthatheisgoodboy. 5.宾语补足语：在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当． Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen. WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome. Iheardmynamecalled. 6.状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当． Hediditcarefully.Hestudiedveryhard. IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen. Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.
句子成分和基本句型
句子成分和基本句型 什么是句子？ 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？！ I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! *句子成分由词或词组充当 英语的基本成分有七种： 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)补语(complement) １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. 谓语： 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 表语： 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 宾语 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． She plays the piano. He often helps me.
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词 ．．充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。 She got angry. （形容词）她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如： This is a green cup.（形容词）这是一个绿色的杯子。
五种基本句型及句子成分分析
五种基本句型及句子成分的分析五种基本句型的分析能力的培养是分析一切复杂句子的基础，是分析千千万万个句子的基础，因为众多的 句子都是由五种基本句型变换过来的。 所谓五种基本句型分析能力就是：看到一个简单句就能立刻分析出这个句子属于五种句型中的哪种；能够立刻分析出句子的主干是什么，能够快速分割，快速整合。 怎样才能具备这种能力呢？ 先理解理论（怎么去做的方法）后多实践做练习，实践是最重要的，能力在大量的实践练习中应该可以掌握。 在培养这个能力过程中还需要记忆任务。如：哪些动词后面要跟动词不定式,哪些动词后面要跟doing ,哪些动词后面需要跟双宾语等等这些都需要记忆，这项记忆任务完全可以通过练习实践来掌握，不做练习，只去死记那些东西不容易掌握。 如果对汉语句子成分分析有一定的了解和掌握，有助于英语句子成分的学习，因为本来汉语句子成分分析那 一套就是从英语那里搬过来的。 五种基本句型 1，主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语） 首先我们来认识主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”：从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的，那么常坐这把“交椅”的会是什么词呢，一般是名词或代词。 系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词： 一、be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were 二、表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三、感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel) 四、表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep 表语有两个特征：一从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词，正所谓“皮之不存，毛将焉附”）。二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。 上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。 2，主（语）＋谓（语） 谓语，谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表示。一般情况下，谓语位于主语之后，从意义上理解，往往具有动作意味（谓语实际有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表）是主语发出的动作。能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类：动词，也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”，所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。虽然主语是“头把交椅”，但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分，一个句子可以缺少主语，但是谓语是不能少的。 为了更好地理解这个句型以及下面的三个句型，在这里我需要补充说明两点：
句子成分与五种基本句型
句子成分与五种基本句型班级：姓名： 一、句子成分 一）主语：是句子要说明的人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在。 1. The book is mine. ( ) 2. I teach you English.. （） 3. Three plus four equals seven. ( ) 4. To see is to believe. （） 5. Smoking is not allowed in public places. （） 6. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） 二）谓语由____ _______担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语。划出以下句子的谓语： 1. We clean the classroom every day . 2. I don't like the picture on the wall. 3. You should have breakfast. 三）表语它的位置在__________之后。是用来说明主语的________,_______, ________的. 1. My father is a professor. ( ) 2. Everything here is expensive. ( ) 3. The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) 4. His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) 5. The match became very exciting.( ) 6. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) 四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。 1. She covered her face with her hands.( ) 2. We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) 3. We need to know what others are doing. ( ) 4. We should care about our friends. ( ) 五）定语是修饰__ _. 单个词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之___ __。 1. Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） 2. China is a developing country. ( ) 3. I have nothing to eat. ( ) 4. The boy who is talking with Tom is from Beijing. ( ) 六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 1.There is a shop near the school gate. ( ) 2.I left the village five years ago. ( ) 3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) 4.We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) 5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) 6.The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) 7.If you work hard, you will be successful. ( ) 8.Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) 七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾补放在后面补充说明。
句子成分及基本句型
句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语）
句子成分及基本句型学习资料
句子成分及基本句型 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy等。 如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。 间接宾语加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the book. 改成： （3）He writes me a letter. 改成： （4）He will buy me some books. 改成：
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型 1.1 句子成分 A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C.表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有 be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I n eed. D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out.
句子的成分、结构和基本句型
句子的成分、结构和基本句型 句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。 一.英语的句子成分： （一）主语： Walls have ears. ( ) He will take you to the hospital. （） To see is to believe. （） Smoking is not allowed in public places. （）Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） （二）谓语动词由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. （三）表语它的位置在__________之后。 My father is a professor. ( ) Who's that? It's me. ( ) Everything here is expensive. ( ) The match became very exciting.( ) The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) Three times five is fifteen. ( ) His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) （四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。 She covered her face with her hands.( ) We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) Do you mind opening the window? ( ) Give me four please. ( ) He wants to dream a nice dream. ( ) We need to know what others are doing. ( ) We should care more about our friends. ( ) （五）定语是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。 The play has three acts. ( ) This is her first trip to Europe. ( ) They are women workers. （） Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. （）Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） China is a developing country. ( ) I have nothing to eat. ( ) Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. ( ) （六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 The best fish swim near the bottom. ( ) I left the village five years ago. ( ) I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) If he goes, so will I . ( ) Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) （七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成___________。 They elected me captain of the team. ( ) We try to make our country strong. ( ) We found everything in good order there. ( )
句子成分与基本句型
句子成分与基本句型 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) To see is to believe.（不定式）Seeing is believing.（动名词）What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher.（名词）She was very tired and looked it.（代词） Five and five is ten.（数词） He is asleep.（形容词）His father is in.（副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China.（名词）He hates you.（代词）How many do you need? We need two.（数词） We should help the old and the poor. (形容词) I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 5．宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor（名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.（名） We will make them happy（形容词）We found nobody in.(副词)Please make yourself at home.（介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning.（现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired.（过分词） 6.主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend.（代词） We belong to the third world.（数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2.（现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过分） I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） 8.状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和 让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 9. 独立成分：与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系，如插入语、感叹语、呼语等，一般用逗号将它与 句子隔开。如：He’s a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一个好人。 Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪，考试他竟然通过了。