过去完成时与被动语态
◎过去完成时
概念：表示过去的过去
过去完成时：即过去的过去所发生的事情！
其构成是：主语＋had＋过去分词。
用法：
①表示过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作，常与由by，before引导的时间状语连用。We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month.
到上个月底为止我们已经学了五千个单词。
I had finished the composition before supper.
晚饭前我就已经把作文写完了。
②表示过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，常与由when，before等连词引导的时间状语从句连用。
When I woke up it had already stopped raining.
我醒来的时候雨就已经停了。
I hadn’t learned any English before I came here.
我来这儿之前没学过英语。
③用于宾语从句或间接引语中
I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.
我想知道谁不经允许就把雨伞拿去。
He told me that he had passed the exam.
他告诉我他已通过考试。
被动语态
熟记结构
被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（p. p）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：
一般现在时：am／is／are＋p. p.
—Look! What a nice garden!
—Yes. It every day.
A. is cleaned
B. has been cleaned
C. is being cleaned
D. was cleaned
（选A。考查一般现在时的被动语态）（泰安市）
一般过去时：was／were＋p. p.
①—Who’s the little boy in the photo, Susan?
—It’s me. This photo ten years ago.
A. takes
B. is taken
C. took
D. was taken
（选D。考查一般过去时的被动语态）（北京）
②I’m sure the telephone before the car.
A. invented
B. is invented
C. was invented
D. is inventing
（选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态）（天津）
③The telephone by Bell in 1876.
A. invent
B. invents
C. was inventing
D. was invented
（选D。考查一般过去时的被动语态）（吉林）
④Professor Yi Zhongtian to the Talk Show on CCTV -1 last weekend.
A. invites
B. invited
C. was invited
（选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态）（山西）
⑤—How clean the window is!
—Yes. It just now.
A. has been cleaned
B. was cleaned
C. is cleaned
D. will be cleaned
（选B。考查一般过去时的被动语态）（盐城）
一般将来时：shall ／will be ＋p. p.
—People say the subway building in Harbin in a few years.
—Sounds . I have never seen it before.
A. will finish, interesting
B. is finished, interested
C. will be finished, interesting
（选C。考查一般将来时的被动语态）（哈尔滨）
现在完成时：have ／has been ＋p. p.
现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋p. p.
过去将来时：should ／would be ＋p. p.
含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋p. p.
①—Some of the plastic bags can’t after June 1.
—Yes, people will use environmental bags instead.
A. use
B. be use
C. be used
D. are used
（选C。考查含情态动词的被动语态）（湖北省咸宁市）
②—There is a lot of wind in North China.
—Well, more trees every year to stop the wind.
A. must be planted
B. can planted
C. should planted
（选A。考查含情态动词的被动语态）（四川省自贡市）
明确用法
被动语态常用于以下两种情况：
1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；
2. 强调动作的承受者。例如：
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
The tree ______ ______ by that boy.（填was broken）
熟练转换
将主动语态变为被动语态的基本方法为：
将主动语态的宾语作为被动语态的主语；
谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。
例如：
①The terrible earthquake destroyed thousands of houses in that area. （上海市）
Thousands of houses in that area by the terrible earthquake.
②More and more foreigners speak Chinese in the world now. （重庆市）
Chinese by more and more foreigners in the world now.
③Dangerous driving causes many accidents. （山东省临沂市）
Many accidents by dangerous driving.
注意特例
将主动语态变为被动语态应注意以下几个特殊情况：
A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若
将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，需根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for。用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc. 用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc.
eg. 1. Mary gave him some books.
He was given some books by Mary.
Some books were given to him by Mary.
2. Her father bought her a new bike.
She was bought a new bike by her father.
A new bike was bought for her by her father.
B. 带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。
eg. 1. We call him Gina.
He is called Gina (by us).
2. They made me happy.
I was made happy( by them).
3. He asked me to come here.
I was asked to come here (by him)
C. 在see, let, make, hear, watch etc.动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。
eg. 1. We saw them play football just now.
They were seen to play football just now.
2. We often hear her sing in English.
She is often heard to sing in English.
【练一练】
1. The boy _ __ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean
B. made clean
C. made to clean
D. was made clean
2. These children ___ _ dance.
A. were seen to
B. were seen for
C. were seen
D. saw to
3.The monkey was seen ____ _ off the tree.
A. jump
B. jumps
C. jumped
D. to jump
D. 在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。
eg. 1. People often talk about that film.
That film is often talked about.
2. We should speak to the old people politely.
The old people should be spoken to politely.
【练一练】
1. Old people must be looked after well and _ __ politely.
A. speak to
B. spoken
C. speak
D. spoken to
2. Old people must _ __.
A. look after well
B. be looked well after
C. looked well after
D. be looked after well
3. Newly-born babies _ _ in hospital.
A. are taken good care
B. are taken good care of
C. take good care of
D. take good care
E. 主动形式表示被动意义的词：
1）某些感官动词:
look, smell, taste , feel, wear ,sound etc.
2）某些及物动词+副词：
wash, write, sell, read, open, cut, shut, keep etc.
eg. 1. This coat feels soft.
2. The pen writes smoothly.
3. That book sells well.
4. This kind of shirt washes easily.
【练一练】
1. The apple _ __ very sweet.
A. is tasted
B. taste
C. tastes
D. are tasting
2. You _ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
A. see
B. watch
C. look
D. look at
F. 只有及物动词(vt.)才有被动语态，不及物动词(vi.)没有被动语态，因为它不带宾语。eg. Happen
What was happened? ×
What has happened? √
What is happening? √
【练一练】
An accident __ __ on this road last week.
A. has been happened
B. was happened
C. is happened
D. happened
G. 若主动句的主语是表示地点的名词，变为被动语态时，应将其变为in+名词，作地点状语，能不变为by的宾语。
eg. Our village opened a new school last year.
→A new school was opened in our village last year.
H. 若主动句的谓语动词是know，变为被动语态时，应将其变为be known to，而不能变为be known by。
eg. People all over the world know the Great Wall.
→The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.
I. 若主动句的主语是nobody, no one等否定不定代词时，变为被动语态时应将anybody, anyone作介词by的宾语，并将其谓语动词改为否定的被动语态。
eg. Nobody can answer this question.
→This question can not be answered by anybody.
注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：
⑴含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：
The window is broken. 窗子破了。（系表结构）
The window is broken by him. 窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）
⑵用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：He was very interested in science. 他对科学有极大的兴趣。（系表结构）
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn’t know what to do.
我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）
牢记（相关）句型
初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：
1. be covered with被……覆盖
2. be made of由……制作（发生物理变化）
be made from由……制作（发生化学变化）
be made in由（某地）制造
be made by被（某人）制造
3. be used for被用来……
be used as被当作（作为）……来使用
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
4. It is said that…据说……
It is hoped that…希望……
It is well known that…众所周知……
5. be filled with…用……装满
过去完成时与被动语态Word版
◎过去完成时 概念：表示过去的过去 过去完成时：即过去的过去所发生的事情！ 其构成是：主语＋had＋过去分词。 用法： ①表示过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作，常与由by，before引导的时间状语连用。We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month. 到上个月底为止我们已经学了五千个单词。 I had finished the composition before supper. 晚饭前我就已经把作文写完了。 ②表示过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，常与由when，before等连词引导的时间状语从句连用。 When I woke up it had already stopped raining. 我醒来的时候雨就已经停了。 I hadn’t learned any English before I came here. 我来这儿之前没学过英语。 ③用于宾语从句或间接引语中 I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission. 我想知道谁不经允许就把雨伞拿去。 He told me that he had passed the exam. 他告诉我他已通过考试。 被动语态 熟记结构 被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（p. p）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为： 一般现在时：am／is／are＋p. p. —Look! What a nice garden! —Yes. It every day. A. is cleaned B. has been cleaned C. is being cleaned D. was cleaned （选A。考查一般现在时的被动语态）（泰安市） 一般过去时：was／were＋p. p. ①—Who’s the little boy in the photo, Susan? —It’s me. This photo ten years ago. A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken （选D。考查一般过去时的被动语态）（北京） ②I’m sure the telephone before the car. A. invented B. is invented C. was invented D. is inventing （选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态）（天津） ③The telephone by Bell in 1876. A. invent B. invents C. was inventing D. was invented （选D。考查一般过去时的被动语态）（吉林） ④Professor Yi Zhongtian to the Talk Show on CCTV -1 last weekend. A. invites B. invited C. was invited （选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态）（山西）
《过去进行时的被动语态》进阶练习(二)
《过去进行时的被动语态》进阶练习 I. 单项选择 1. The bridge __________ this time last month. Now we can cross it. A. is built B. is building C. was building D. was being built 2. The trees _________ from Monday to Friday last week by us. A. were being planted B. were planting C. were been planted D. will be planted 3. Were the songs _______ those days? A. sing B. sang C. being sung D. being singing II. 句型转换 4. He was teaching his dog a trick then. (改为被动语态) His dog _______ _______ _________ a trick by him then. 5. The article was being written by the little girl. (改为否定句) The article ______ _______ _______ by the little girl.
参考答案 I. 1. D 2. A 3. C II. 4. was being taught 5. w asn’t being written 解析 1. 句意：上个月的这个时候，这座桥还在建设中。现在我们可以从上通行了。根据时间状语可知，要用过去进行时，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，要用被动语态。过去进行时的被动结构为：was/were+being+动词的过去分词。故选D。 2. 句意：上周的周一到周五，我们一直在植树。主语是树，因此要用被动语态。时态为过去进行时。故选A。 3. 句意：那些天这些歌一直在唱。主语是歌，因此要用被动语态。被动语态的构成为be +动词的过去分词。sing的过去分词为sung。故选C。 4. 原句是过去进行时，改为被动语态还要用过去进行时。被动语态的过去进行时结构为：was/were+being+动词的过去分词。故填was being taught。 5. 含有was/were结构的句子改为否定句时，直接在was/were后加not即可。故填wasn’t being written。
现在完成时被动语态教学设计
高中英语语法《现在完成时的被动语态》教学设计 一、教材分析 本节课的授课内容为被动语态中的一个重点也是难点的内容：现在完成时被动语态的学习及其应用。对于该内容学生半知半解，加上语法容易让人觉得枯燥，学生对此内容有排斥畏难心理。所以教学中将语法知识的传授和语言基本技能的学习结合到一起，注重学习语法与语言的运用。采用任务型教学法、情景教学法和小组合作探究学习法，让学生亲身去感知、领悟知识和运用知识，从而扩大课堂的语言输入量及学生的语言输出量，使其内容更加丰富，降低了语法学习的难度，同时也使语言学习和运用语言的过程成为一种栩栩如生的互动体验，提高了学习效率。 二、学情分析 授课对象为高一级的学生，他们来自全区各地初中，大部分学生的基础知识仍然较为薄弱，运用英语进行交际活动的能力较差，主动学习的动力不够，然而他们学习比较认真，渴求知欲旺盛，思维比较活跃。部分学生的基础较好，能主动配合老师。所以只有设臵使他们感兴趣的活动，利用发生在学生身边的事情——教室的环境布臵和学校艺术文化节作为语法学习的载体，因材施教，让学生明白所学语言知识的实用性，这样才能激发学生学习的积极性，并在师生互动、生生互动中实现教学任务和目标。 三、教学目标 知识与技能：1.让学生弄清楚现在完成时被动语态的结构和用 法； 2.重点是现在完成时被动语态的应用。 过程与方法：1.培养学生自主学习、协作学习和探究的能力； 2.培养学生分析问题、解决问题、归纳问题的能 力。 3.提高思维能力和运用英语的综合能力。
情感价值观：通过本节课的学习，培养学生热爱学校积极参与 学校活动的情感。 四、教学重点和难点 现在完成时被动语态的基本构成与实际应用。 五、教学策略和方法 本节课的教学以学生为中心，以教室的环境布臵和学校艺术文化节为载体，使课堂教学过程成为学生自主地进行信息加工、知识意义构建、归纳能力发展的过程。教师在教学过程中则适时介入，引导、启发、组织、帮助、促进。随堂进行小组指导，一方面参与学生的讨论，更给学生以个别辅导，以帮助学生解决学习过程中的难题。通过演示法把制作的课件、学生的作文等显示给学生看，便于学生对知识的把握，并从中获得启迪，从而解决问题。通过小组协作法分析问题、解决问题，从而内化而形成学习成果，并将其在全班学生中展示，使学生获得成功的喜悦，从而激发学生的后续学习热情。通过任务驱动教学法将所要学习的新知识隐含在语言操练之中，学生通过对呈现的图片进行分析、讨论，并在老师的指导、帮助下用本节课的语法对图片进行描述，以达到对语法项目的操练，最后通过任务的完成而实现对所学知识的意义建构。 六、板书设计 现在完成时被动语态的基本结构：have/has been done 七、教学过程 Step1 Revision (复习)（6分钟） 本单元学习的话题是计算机，计算机的应用很广泛，让学生在阅读里面找出介绍计算机应用的句子，并齐读句子：?The computers have been used in communication, finance and trade. ?The computers have been put into robots. ?It has been used to make mobile phones as well as help with
完整版现在完成时被动语态详解与练习附习题
现在完成时被动语态详解与练习附习题 现在完成时被动语态讲与练 一、现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态是高中语法时态和语态中的重要组成部分，也是高考经常考查的一项内容。请先看下面几道高考题： 1. I can 't see any coffee in this cupboard. （北京2005 春） A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish 2. Millions of pounds ' worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.（重庆2005） A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 3. More patients in hospital this year than last year. （江苏2004） A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated 4. —The window is dirty. 全国卷川） —I know. It for weeks.（2004 A. hasn ' t cleaned B. didn ' t clean C. wasn 't cleaned D. hasn ' t been cleaned 这几道高考题考查的都是现在完成时的被动语态，下面我们谈谈它的用法。 1）主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被动语态即主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”。如： The new school has been set up. 新学校已经建成了。 2）现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为：have / has + been + done 。如： The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。
十六种时态的被动语态
一般现在时：V（含单三） 被动：be P.P = be P.P ●一般过去时及其被动语态 一般过去时：V-ed 被动; be P.P = was/were P.P ●一般将来时及其被动语态 一般将来时：will/shall Vr 被动：be P.P = will/shall be P.P ●现在进行时及其被动语态 现在：V 进行：be V-ing 现在进行时：be V-ing 被动：be P.P = be being P.P
现在：V 完成时：have/has P.P 现在完成时：have/has P.P 被动：be P.P = have/has been P.P ●现在完成进行时及其被动语态 现在：V 完成：have/has P.P 进行：be V-ing 现在完成进行时：have/has been V-ing 被动：be P.P = have/has been being P.P ●过去进行时及其被动语态 过去：V-ed 进行：be V-ing 过去进行时：was/were V-ing 被动：be P.P = was/were being P.P
过去：V-ed 完成：have/has P.P 过去完成时：had P.P 被动：be P.P = had been P.P ●过去完成进行时及其被动语态 过去：V-ed 完成：have/has P.P 进行：be V-ing 过去完成进行时：had been V-ing 被动：be P.P = had been being P.P ●将来进行时及其被动语态 将来：will/shall Vr 进行：be V-ing 将来进行时：will/shall be V-ing 被动：be P.P = will/shall be being P.P
一般过去时 过去进行时 被动语态
一般过去时 一、一般过去时的基本构成 1、be动词的一般现在时形式：was , were 2、其他动词用过去式的形式 二、一般过去时的基本用法 1、在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Eg ① He didn't finish his homework yesterday. ② We visited the factory last week. 2、表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。因此在这类句子中，经常 使用always，often，once a month等表示事情发生频度的时间状语。 ① When I was a child, I often played football in the street. ② Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。 **表示过去经常性的、习惯性的动作也可以用used to do 来表示。（强调现在已经不这样了） Eg I used to get up early in the morning. 3、有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动 作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时。 Eg I didn’t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。 （因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.） I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。 （这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病） 4、wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。 Eg I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。） Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着） Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州） Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去） 5、用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。 ①动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend等。 Eg Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？ I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。 ②情态动词could, would。 Eg Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？ 6、特殊句型： ①It is time for sb. to do sth “到……时间了”；“该……了”。 Eg It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个概念： 1．说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。2．主语是行为动作的承受者。 在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点： 1．过去分词前有两个助动词：have／has和been。2．必须表示被动。如： ［误］Many new buildings been built since 1980． ［正］Many new buildings have been built since 1980． ［误］Something bad has been happened to him． ［正］Something bad has happened to him． 一）现在完成时被动语态的构成 1．现在完成时被动语态的肯定式 由“have ／has ＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如： Two windows have been broken．两个窗子被打破了。 2．现在完成时被动语态的否定式 由“have ／has ＋not＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如： The car has not been repaired．这辆汽车还没有修好。 3．现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式 由“Have ／Has ＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如： ①─Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？ ─Y es，it has．是的，完成了。 ②─Have the cars been repaired？这些汽车修好了吗？ ─No，they haven't．不，还没有。 4．现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式 由“疑问词＋have／has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如： How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？ Who has been helped by the new computer？谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？ How many new words have been learned by the students？这些学生已经学会了多少单词？ 二）现在完成时被动语态的主要用法 1．表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：The door has been locked．门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去） 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long．．．？句型中。例如： They have been told about it for many times．有人告诉他们这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他们） How long has the machine been used？这机器使用有多久了？
过去完成时,将来进行时,被动语态,have的用法题
1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A.will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be 2. Charlie _______ here next month. A.isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't going to working D. won't work 3. He _______ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow? – No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be 1. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 2. I _____ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 3.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000. A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living
(完整版)各种时态的被动语态举例
各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例） 1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done） English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 2．一般过去时(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。 The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。 A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done) Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。 The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。 6．过去完成时(had been+done) They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。 He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。 7.含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 动词的主动形式表示被动之意 系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意 常见的系动词有： ①be动词
过去进行时、现在完成时、被动语态
一般现在时 定义 表示现在或当前一段时间正在进行的动作。 构成 +be(am，is are)+动词－ing＋其他 考点 注意具体语境 如：I don’t really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 过去进行时 定义 表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 构成 主语+was/were+动词-ing+其他 考点 1．过去进行时明显的时间状语 this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last night等等 如：I was doing my homework from six to eight last night. 2．注意具体语境 如：--- I phoned you last night. But there was nobody answers the phone. --- Oh, I was staying at my friend’s home. 3．when & while when可接短暂动词以及延续性动词，while只能接延续性动词，并有对比的含意。 如：The telephone rang when I was sleeping. I was watching TV when my mother came in. I was watching TV while my mother was doing the housework.
现在完成时 定义 现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态。 构成 主语+has/have+动词-ed+其他 考点 1．表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 如：I have already seen this film. It’s the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. 2．注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时强调的是这一动作对现在产生的影响或者结果等。 一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。 3．用how long提问时，要用延续性动词 如：How long have you been here? 4．since & for & already & yet since 后加某时间点，表示从某时间点以来。通常前面现在完成时，后面一般过去时。 for 后加时间长度，表示动作已经持续多久。 already 通常跟在have后或句尾，表示“已经”，一般用于肯定句。 yet 通常用于句尾，表示“已经”，一般用于否定、疑问句。 练一小手 1．--- Is this raincoat yours? --- No, mine there behind the door. A．is hanging B．has hung C．hangs D．hung 2．She John with his lessons at this time yesterday. A．was going to help B．was helping C．would help D．has helped 3．I don’t think Jim saw me; he into the sky. A．just stared B．was just staring C．has just stared D．had just stared
现在完成时态被动语态
现在完成时态专练 句型转换： 1. He has already gone home. He _________ __________ home ____________. (否定句) ____________ he __________ home ___________? (一般疑问句) 2. He has lunch at home. 3.He __________ _____________ lunch at home. (否定句) ____________ he __________ lunch at home? (一般疑问句) 3. He has been there twice. __________ __________ ________ __________ he been there? (划线提问) 4. I have lunch at school. __________ __________ you ____________ lunch? (划线提问) 用since和for填空 1. ______ two years 2._______ two years ago 3. _______ last month 4.______ 1999 5._______ yesterday 6. _______ 4 o’clock 7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour ago 9. _______ we were children 10. _____ lunch time 11.______ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 13.I’ve known him __________ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 16.It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 用适当的时态填空： 1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten. 2.Both of them __________ _________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days. 3.Both of them __________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour __________ _________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave). 5. Mary________ ________(lose) her pen. ____________ you ______________ (see) it here and there? 6. _____________ you ____________ (find) your watch yet? 7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________ just _____________ (have) some orange. 8. We _____________already ______________ (return) the book. 9. ___________ they ____________ (build) a new school in the village? 10. I __________ ________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me? 11. My father _______ _________(read) the novel twice. 12. I _________ (buy) a book just now. 13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday. 14. My father _________ _________ (read) this book since yesterday. 三、用 have/has been to/in, have gone to 及 go to形式填空。 1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country yesterday. 2) David ________ the park just now. 4) How long _____ he _____ _____ this village? 5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for 5 years. 6) _____ you ever ______ ______ America? -- Yes, I _____ _______ there many times. 7) I _____ ______ _______this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _____ ______ the farm since I came here. 9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago. 10) Would you like to _____ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before. 11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ the zoo. 12) He often _____ swimming. 13) _____ you ______ there last year? 14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter? 延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化 1.He died 10 years ago. ---- He ______________ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. ------- He _____________the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. ------ He ___________the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. ------ He ____________here since three days ago. 6. He left here 2 years ago. ------- He ____________from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. ------ The film __________ for 30 minutes. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. -------- The door ___________for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. He _____________ the army for a year. 一、单项选择。 1、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it A.Did do finished B.Have done finished C.Have done have finished D.will do finish 2、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 3.Do you know him well ? — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 4.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 5、 I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 6.The factory ____ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 7.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 8、The meeting _____ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 9.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 10、 How long _______ he ________ ? A. did;died B. has, died C. has, been dead 11、 He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept 12、He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13、-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been 14、I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take 15.----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep 16.The famou s writer _____ one new book in the past two year . Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 17、Have you met Mr. Li ____？Ａ. Just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago 18、—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months . Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived 19、—Our country ____ a lot so far . —Yes. I hope it will be even ______ . Ａ. has changed well Ｂ. changed good Ｃ. has changed better Ｄ. changed; better 20、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes. I _____ it a moment ago. Ａ.Did; do; finished Ｂ.Have; done; finished Ｃ.Have; done; have finished Ｄ. will; do; finish 21.We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew 22、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _____ twice. Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see 23、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really? When _____ there ? Ａ. will they go Ｂ.did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone 24.Zhou Lang ______already ______in this school for two years . Ａ. was studying Ｂ. will study Ｃ. has studied Ｄ. are; studying 25、 His father _____ the Party since 1998 . Ａ.joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in26.Do you know him well ? — Sure .We ______ friends since ten years ago . Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made