高考英语总复习干货非谓语动词考点考题考向透析(17页)

高考英语总复习干货之非谓语动词考点考题透析

1、什么是非谓语动词？谓语的形式？

非谓语动词，简单理解就是动词改变形式以后，不做谓语，而是去做除了谓语以外的其他句子成分。

（时态语态形式的动词全都是谓语，而非谓语和时态语态比较像，注意不要混淆）

简单来说，非谓语动词有三种基本形式，记住三种基本形式以后我们去记变形的形式。

2、什么时候使用非谓语动词？

非谓语动词，在同一个句子中有了谓语动词时，我们还需要用到动词，这时我们有三个解决办法：（1）插入从句；（2）并列句；（3）用非谓语。

下边这三句话我们判断，哪一个需要用非谓语形式？

（1）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which _____(use) it differently.

（2）He had plenty of money and he __________(spend) it freely.

（3）Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way ____(use) the sun and the stars.

是第（3）句需要用非谓语形式。第一句是从句，第二句是并列句，这两句都需要用谓语动词。

(注意与时态语态区分) To be honest, no speech _______so far has had the same effect on me as this one.

A. has been made

B. being made

C. made

D. to be made

答案：C. 这道题我们先要判断用谓语动词还是非谓语动词：由于句中有谓语动词，而且不存在从句和并列句，因此选择非谓语动词。那究竟怎么选择非谓语动词的形式呢，它们又有哪些形式，我们往下看。

3.非谓语动词的基本形式与使用规则

做题总依据：to do表目的、表将来，doing表主动、表正在进行，done表被动、表完成。

例题1. –Why are they pulling down the houses? --______ a new parking lot.

A. Build

B.To build

C. Building

D. Built

答案：C. to do表示目的：为了建造停车场。

例题2.______ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.

A. Being raised

B.Raising

C.Raised

D. To raise

答案：C. 被动和完成的含义：他过去被抚养在格拉斯哥最穷的地区。

例题3. Clearly and thoughtfully_____, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.

A. writing

B.to write

C. written

D. being written 答案：C. 被动和完成的含义：书已经被写完了。

练习题（1）. When the clerk saw a kind face in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground,______ whether to stay or leave.

A. wondering

B.wonder

C. to wonder

D. wondered

练习题（2）. There are still many problems______before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.

A. solving

B.solved

C. being solved

D. to be solved

4.逻辑主语的重要性以及怎么找到逻辑主语？

逻辑主语就是非谓语动词的动作的主语是谁？为什么说找到逻辑主语很重要，我们回顾刚才的例题3.

Clearly and thoughtfully_____, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.

A. writing

B.to write

C. written

D. being written 这道题逻辑主语是书，但是如果把逻辑主语看成人，那么选就应该选A，而不是正确答案C. 很多同学都错在找不到逻辑主语上了。

逻辑主语寻找方法：在非谓语所在句中先往前寻找主语，如果有名词/代词，那么非谓语动词前边的名词/代词就是逻辑主语，此时注意往前找的时候需要是同一句里的名词或者代词，名词/代词与非谓语之间不允许有逗号隔开，否则就不是逻辑主语了。

如果往前没有名词或者代词，那么主句主句就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

5.三种非谓语基本形式的变形：

简单来记：

be被动变形： to be done表示：为了被……;将要被……

being done表示：正在被……; 只表示被动。注意和done区别开

(注意：to be doing 表示动作主动正在进行： They pretend to be working when the boss came in.)

have完成变形（多表示在谓语动词动作之前的动作，或强调完成）：

having done表示之前主动做完某事having been done 之前被……

to have done表示之前主动做，不能单独出现，一般需要出现在谓语动词后边。

to have been done表示之前被……,也不能单独出现，一般出现在谓语动词后边。

为了记住这些变形，我们看几个例句。

e.g. Not having got far in the contest, we are so disappointed.

(非谓语动词的否定形式：在前边+not)

Professor John is said to have made some significant advances in his research. Having been denied by many potential customers , the salesman had to gather his courage and sell the product in different ways.

例题： --Did you have a good time last night?

--Yes, thank you. I appreciated______to the concert.

A. to be invited

B. being invited

C. to have been invited

D. having been invited

详解：由于appreciate后接doing形式，那么从B或D中选择，因为是昨晚的邀请，过去了，用D.表示完成。

练习题（3）_____for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.

A. To work

B.Worked

C. To be working

D. Having worked 练习题（4）______nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel. A.Having spent B.To spend C.spent D. To have spent 练习题（5）Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it______ live is quite another.

A. perform

B.performing

C.to perform

D.being performed 练习题（6）The engine just won’t start. Something seems____ wrong with it.

A. to go

B.to have gone

C.going

D. having gone

6.注意固定搭配--注意词组，注意固定句式。

有时候，当动词是使动词时，大家就容易做错题，关于使动词，我们这里不做过多赘述，做这类题想提高正确率，最简单的方法，就是背住常考词组。

比如：

例题：______to her own work, she spent little time with her family.

A.Devoted

B. To be devoted

C.Devoting

D. Having devoted

这道题正确答案是A. 如果不知道devote是使动词，或者不知道be devoted to doing 这个词组，按照主观意愿，就会选为C. 同学们会认为主动投入工作，就应该选C.所以要积累以下词组：

常考：be located in; be devoted to(sth/doing sth); be absorbed in; be known as; be intended to do/for sth;be determined to do; be expected to do……

练习题（7）

______(locate) in the center of the town , the shopping mall is crowded with customers every day.

固定句式：It remains to be seen, s th is believed to do(人们认为……)—作文万能句子

整体非谓语动词的规则我们清楚了之后，大概可以做对一半的非谓语动词题目。另一半题目，

需要积累。我们一起看一下，这些非谓语动词的细节知识点。

8.更多to do 不定式用法

8.1作主语

—To read this book is the best thing that you can do now. （了解即可--与doing作

主语的区别：就是to do 的动作为一次性的，动名词为经常性的）

经常用It 作形式主语。常考的句型--It is adj for /of sb+to do sth.

翻译句子：对你来说学好英语很重要。

你嘲笑残疾人是不对的。

8.2作宾语

下列动词后边再接动词只能接不定式：

Decide determine, learn, want, expect, hope,

wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask, beg, help, seem to do……

还有跟在疑问词后边的不定式：疑问词 + to do作宾语

E.g. I do not know how to fix the equipment.

在谓语（动词）后，表达带有疑问的内容，直接在to do 前加相应疑问词。

练习：翻译“我不知道什么时候去”

I don’t know when to go.）

8.3作表语

(了解即可)His job is to paint the walls. （与doing作表语的区别：就是to do 的动作

为一次性的，动名词为经常性的）

8.4作补语

e.g The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.

类似的常接补语的谓语动词还有：

advise, allow, ask, encourage, expect, remind, wish, want, warn, tell， permit， forbid， persuade等接sb时，接

to do (注意没有hope sb to do sth)

(allow, forbid,permit，advise如果后边没有其他人做宾语，直接接非谓语的话要接doing.很多学生在这里也比较猛=懵，注意区分：We don’t allow smoking here= We don’t allow anyone to smoke here.)

8.5作定语

She is a nice girl to get along with.

被序数词、最高级或all, no, any修饰的中心词，后接不定式作定语。

He was the first one to come.

8.6作状语

表目的：

表结果：常考—only to do出乎意料的结果in order to, so as to. We took an umbrella so as to not to get wet.

表原因：常考—I was so happy to see her yesterday. 形容词作表语时，后接不定式。（be adj +to do）

或者直接当成固定句式来记忆—主语+be+adj+to do.例句—The task is easy to finish.（注意to do用主动）

Blame (主动表被动 be to blame)

9. doing （动名词、现在分词）

9.1作主语