(完整版)初中常考主谓一致讲解最全总结

(完整版)初中常考主谓一致讲解最全总结
(完整版)初中常考主谓一致讲解最全总结

初中英语·主谓一致··常考

一、主谓一致:指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:

My family are having lunch now.

Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。

3. 就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近它的主语。

例如:There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

Not only the students but also their English teacher likes playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。

二、常考题型。

*以下是谓语动词用单数的情况:

1. 单数形式。

例如:一些水在瓶子里。

2. many a+“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。

例如:许多学生到过上海。

3. more than one+单数。

例如:不止一个学生曾经去过北京。

4.

谓语用单数形式。

例如:两个月是一个长假。

2 0英镑并不太重。

1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。

5减4等于1。

5. 主语是each/every+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。

例如:每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。

每个男人和女人都在工作。

6. one and a half+

例如:One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。

7.

例如:眼见为实。

做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。

8. a/an+单数名词+or two

例如:一两个学生考试不及格。

9. 当主语部分含有with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like等介词

例如:迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。

迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。

10.不定代词(也叫复合不定代词)somebody,someone,something,anybody,

anyone,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

?今天大家到齐了吗?

他有毛病。

没有人在家。

每个人都知道他。

11. 当(或跟of)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

例如:两个答案都不正确。

他们每人都有一本英语词典。

12. 以—s news,maths,physics等。

例如:没有消息就是好消息。

在我们班数学很受欢迎。

13. the+

例如:The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。

The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. 穷人很快乐,富人却过得不快乐。

*以下是谓语动词用单数和复数的情况:

14. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词

例如:那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)

作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)

15. people,police family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。

例如:这儿的人很友好。(people指这儿的很多人)

我们一家人都喜欢看电视。(family all指一家人都)

他家的人不多。(family指他的家庭这一个整体)

16. a number of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;the number of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。

例如:我们学校的学生数超过800人。

许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。

*以下是谓语动词用单数和复数跟表示数量的词一致:

17. 当kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时,谓语动词与kind,pair,glass等

的单复数一致。

这双鞋是汤姆的。

桌上有两杯水。

*以下是谓语动词用复数或就近原则:

复数形式;

19. 以here,there开头的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。

桌子上有一本书,三只钢笔。

这是给你的书和纸。

* * * * 注意:表示两者的both, either与neither * * * * *

1.both, either和neither都用来谈论两者:both 意为“(两者)都”,either意为“(两者中)任意一个”,neither 意为“(两者)都不”。若要指三者或三者以上,分别用all 意为“(三者)都”,any 意为“(三者中)任何一个”,none 意为“(三者)都不”等。

比较:

He has two sons, both of whom are clever. 他有两个儿子,都很聪明。

He has three sons, all of whom are clever. 他有三个儿子,都很聪明。

He has two sons, either of whom is clever. 他有两个儿子,哪个都很聪明。

He has three sons, any of whom is clever. 他有三个儿子,哪个都很聪明。

He has two sons, neither of whom is clever. 他有两个儿子,两个都不聪明。

He has three sons, none of whom are clever. 他有三个儿子,个个都不聪明。

1.它们既可用作代词,也可用作形容词。用作形容词时,both 后接复数名词,而 either 和 neither 之后要接单数可数名词。

如:

Both of the brothers are here. / Both brothers are here. 兄弟俩都在这儿。

Either of the books will do. / Either book will do. 两本书中哪一本都行。

Neither of the stories is interesting. /Neither story is interesting. 两个故事都没有趣。

代词both, either, neither 用作主语时,both 之后的谓语动词总是复数,either 和 neither 后的谓语动词通常用单数。

3.这3个词都可用作连词,但搭配和意义各不相同。总的说来,要注意它们应连接两个平行对等的句子成分(即同为两个主语、谓语、宾语、状语等):

(1)both…and…表示两者兼有。

如:

She was both tired and hungry. 她又累又饿。

He speaks both English and French. 他既说英语又说法语。

(2)either…or…表示两者或两种可能性中任择其一。

如:

I will go on business either this week or next week. 我将在这星期或下星期出差。

You can either come by bus or take a taxi. 你可以坐公共汽车来,也可以乘出租车来。

(3)neither…nor…表示两者都否定。

如:

Neither Simon nor Sally can swim. 西蒙和萨利都不会游泳。

He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对发生的事情不闻不问。

以上连词连接主语时,both…and…一般只与复数谓语连用,either…or…和neither…nor…则通常根据就近原则,要求谓语动词与最邻近主语的人称、数保持一致。如:

Neither he nor she was at home. 他和她都不在家。

Either my father or my brothers are coming. 不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。

4.注意下面两个同义句:

(1)两边都有商店。正:There are shops on both sides.正:There are shops on either side.

(2)两个我都不要。正:I want neither of them. 正:I don’t want either of them.

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