(推荐)高中英语考试短文填空解题方法和技巧

高中英语考试短文填空解题方法和技巧

一、已给单词提示题型解题方法

此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种：词的形、数、式的变化；词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。

技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

例1：There are many students living at school，the _______(child) houses are all far from school.

由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children’s。

技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。

例2：A talk ________(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang．句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。

技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。

例3：The king decided to see the painter by _____(he)．由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。

技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表示方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词前加 more／less和most／least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要加定冠词the。

例4：I am ______(tall) than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．

此题后句交代了Liu Wen 是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。

技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen、-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式: once／twice

例5: Two ______(three) of the water on the earth is sea water.

句意：地球上三分之二的水是海水。所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标，且要加s，答案为thirds。

技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。

例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，so he was very ____(happiness)．

在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该处用形容词，由此可知将名词happiness 换成形容词happy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un-，就成了unhappy。

二、未给单词提示题型解题方法

此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。

技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。

例7：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying ________，dirty but happy．

从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。

例8：His boss was ____ angry as to fire him．

如果跳过横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so…as to“那么地……，以至……”，所以，so是正解。

技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。

例9：He did not done _____ his father had asked him to do．

审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当do的宾语，且指物，所以是what。

例10：Those _____ want to go to the village must sign here．

经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为Those，指人，且在从句中充当主语，所以只能填入who。

技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。

例11：The US consists ____ fifty states．

根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，构成短语动词consist of，表示“由……组成”，所以答案是of。

例12：Mrs. Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take _____ of her．

生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。

技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。

例13：Mr. Smith took a plane to London ____ of taking a train．

此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。

例14：Just then，he saw a blackboard in _____ of him．细心观察，可以看出填入front即可构成in front of，此题得解。

技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both ... and，either ... or，neither ... nor，not only ... but also等。

例15：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____ his family was too poor．

此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以不用because，而填for。

例16：______ Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre．

横线处的词与后面可以构成both…and，故答案为Both。

技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查-ly形式的方式副词 (见技巧六——形容词派生副词的情况)。

例17：Jackie likes to drive at ____ high speed．

这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。

例18：Old Tom's granddaughter used to visit him _____ Saturday afternoon．

Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。

例19：Though Liu Qiang did the same work ____ Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay ______ Zhang Wen．

第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，构成the same as “和……一样”，第二条横线则可由lower判断出比较意义，故答案为than。

例20：It was only one day left, _____，his father had no idea to answer him．

观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。

技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。

答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。

例21：Tony _____ travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV．

由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。

（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。可复制、编制，期待你的好评与关注！）

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