1998年博士入学考试英语真题

1998年博士入学考试英语真题

PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 points, 1 point for each)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. The question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.

1. A. He’s going to buy some flowers.

B. He’s going to bake the cake.

C. He’s going to clean up the floor.

D. He’s going to dust and mop the kitchen.

2. A. Go to the cinema.

B. Visit a friend of hers.

C. Go to bed early.

D. Go home for dinner.

3. A. He wants her to pick up the bone on the ground.

B. He wants her to take the bone out of the fish.

C. He wants his broken bone to be treated.

D. He has something to complain about.

4. A. The man had lost his keys.

B. The man wasn’t able to open the door.

C. The door needed repairing.

D. He wanted the woman to help him.

5. A. She’d like to come along.

B. She knows her way around the harbor.

C. The warm weather is quite pleasant.

D. The ride will take all day.

6. A. He is anxious to go to the museum.

B. He refuses to go to the museum.

C. He doesn’t like to go to the museum.

D. He will go with her.

7. A. Two boat tickets.

B. Two train tickets.

C. Two planes tickets.

D. Two tickets for the play.

8. A. He likes the house.

B. The look of the house surprises him.

C. He thinks the house is too small.

D. He is happy to see the house they have bought.

9. A. Sleep late.

B. Visit some friends.

C. Buy things.

D. Go for a ride.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be three questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices give by making the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.

10. A. A deep, resonant voice.

B. Good grammar.

C. Understanding of the audience’s point of view.

D. Information on the subject.

11. A. Confusing wrong is not good writing.

B. Writing is not easy for everyone

C. Correct grammar is part of good writing

D. Anyone can learn to write

12. A. His advice is still useful today.

B. He knew nothing about writing.

C. He was a popular teacher.

D. He was born under a lucky star.

13. A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D.7

14. A. It’s a long country with 1,285,000 kilometer.

B. It’s a country full of natural resources.

C. It’s a country surrounded by Pacific Ocean.

D. It’s a country with a lot of Pacific Ocean.

15. A. It has a dry climate.

B. It is extremely wet.

C. It’s rather cool.

D. It depends on each region.

PART Ⅱ VOCABULARY (20 points, 1/2 point for each)

Section A

Directions: There are twenty questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closet in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.

16. Economic development is likely to assume a bigger and more significant role in the world.

A. suppose

B. presume

C. undertake

D. transmit

17. The government has a policy of fostering the police awareness of the dangers

in smoking.

A. encouraging

B. discovering

C. hindering

D. emphasizing

18. The scientists at the University of Bern in Switzerland have used a weakened virus that is not infectious and has proved safe and effective.

A. dangerous

B. harmful

C. contagious

D. invading

19. The police cautioned us about the icy roads after the heavy snow fall last night.

A. alerted

B. described

C. refrained

D. informed

20. The carpenter did a clumsy piece of work repairing the staircase.

A. wonderful

B. careful

C. unfinished

D. unskilled

21. The attempt to bring the quarreling couple together again came off to people’s astonishment.

A. failed

B. succeeded

C. ended

D. continued

22. It was the coldest winter for forty-five years. Villages in the English countryside were cut off by the snow and the Thames froze over.

A. isolated

B. surrounded

C. covered D, removed

23. China and India launched dramatic market because they need it to avoid collapse.

A. radical

B. sensational

C. vivid

D. effective

24. The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration and they denounced British arrogance.

A. declared the end of

B. let the public know

C. had a quarrel with

D. aired views against

25. What has changed is that capital has become incredibly mobile and much harder for economies to control.

A. increasingly

B. impractically

C. doubtfully

D. exceptionally

26. Clinton has argued that the best way to keep Haitians at home is to see that democracy and prosperity take root there.

A. detect

B. learn

C. ensure

D. understand

27. The biggest computer company in Silicon Valley has laid off hundreds of people during the last few months.

A. dismissed

B. detached

C. declined

D. dispersed

28. Cultural patterns of getting food are generated primarily by the natural or physical.

A. primitively

B. principally

C. preferably

D. potentially

29. The question really put him on the spot because he knew almost nothing about it.

A. on the way home

B. in a difficult position

C. on the watch

D. out of condition

30. Establishment or a(n) sound social insurance system is essential for deepening economic reforms.

A. durable

B. undisturbed

C. healthy

D. accurate

31. In a front page editorial they declared: “A required course is a(n) illiberal act.”

A. authoritarian

B. steadfast

C. miserable

D. unwilling

32. The Budlands National Park was established in South Dakota to preserve this

weirdly beautiful region.

A. surprisingly

B. impressively

C. exceedingly

D. fantastically

33. This monument imagine was designed to stir up emotions of awe and respect, but could scarcely evoke feelings of warmth and affection.

A. tangle

B. Agitate

C. teem

D. stipulate

34. Some mechanism regulates the onset and the rate of deterioration of a living body.

A. start

B. death

C. speed

D. aggression

35. Precision instruments allow scientists to measure minute quantities with a high degree of accuracy.

A. momentary

B. various

C. any

D. brief

Section B

Directions: There are twenty questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.

36. All transactions are strictly ______and we never sell, rent or trade any customer’s name.

A. confident

B. consensual

C. confidential

D. consequential

37. Advertising is a distinguished from other forms of communication______ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.

A. in which

B. in this way

C. in that

D. in order that

38. Many citizens of the world’s richest nations find it increasingly painful to______ the incessant demand for change that characterizes our time.

A. keep up with

B. come up with

C. go along with

D. face up with

39. Perhaps, if we could examine the manners of different nations with______ , we should find no people so rude to be without rules of politeness.

A. exactitude

B. certainty

C. appreciation

D. impartiality

40. The captain______ every member of the crew to rigorous physical hardships.

A. endured

B. subjected

C. experienced

D. submitted

41. That country will continue to make new nerves gas weapons after the conclusion of a global treaty banning them______, according to a secret administration policy review.

A. makes effect

B. takes effect

C. puts into effect

D. puts on effect

42. Just as space was______ into regions, time was split up into eras, seasons, and epochs.

A. decomposed

B. originated

C. evolved

D. restrained

43. A doctor’s obligation when he can no longer______ the approach of death is to make the patient comfortable, including easing his pain.

A. hang around

B. hang on

C. hold back

D. hold on

44. Many important nature conservation sites are______ as Sites of Special Scientific Interest or National Nature Reserves.

A. Bounded

B. designated

C. cultivated

D. confined

45. With the fall in the number of students studying science, we will have lost many with the potential for intellectual______.

A. credibility

B. credential

C. recreation

D. creativity

46. Our worst fear have proved______ after he told us everything about it.

A. hosted

B. blessed

C. unfounded

D. uprooted

47. The village moved further and further away from the city and links with outside community have______.

A. withered

B. shortened

C. sheared

D. curtailed

48. We hoped to be able to get married early this month, but things didn’t ______as we had expected.

A. worked out

B. come by

C. fill up

D. lay down

49. The teacher made strenuous efforts to read the faint and______ handwriting in his students’ exercise books.

A. illegal

B. illiterate

C. illegible

D. illustrative

50. South Africa’s black majority got its first real______ in governing early lat December.

A. remark

B. tale

C. speech

D. say

51. ______ the difficulty of the task, I shall be lucky to complete it by May.

A. Regarding

B. Given

C. Presuming

D. Accepted

52. So ______are businessmen by the constantly changing numbers that they often cannot determine whether they are making profit or not.

A. outsold

B. outgrown

C. overexcited

D. overwhelmed

53. The border incident led to the two countries’ ______ diplomatic relations.

A. pulling off

B. breaking off

C. passing off

D. falling off

54. Without a wholehearted______ to a keen forward-looking vision and a deep insight, you can not be a leader.

A. commitment

B. determination

C. resolution

D. obligation

55. The worker’s promised were increase is being ______while it is examined by the government to see if it is greater than the law allows.

A. put back

B. held down

C. put down

D. held back

PART Ⅲ CLOSE TEST (15 points)

Directions: Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choices for each blank in your Answer Sheet.

One supermarket in Tokyo has managed to solve the problems of shoplifting(商店行动). 56 by cashiers and long lines of customers waiting at the cash registers. It is Japan’s advanced computer technology that has come 57 with the answers. Shoppers at an OK supermarket on the outskirts of the city now push a cart 58 a plastic card chained to it and buy from glass cases where the goods are on display. The plastic magnetic number carries his or her own card. Which is 59 at the entrance. While shopping the customer pushes the card into a slot beside 60 items are wanted and pushes a button or two. The glass-covered vending machines are connected to

a computer that 61 the price of every item in the store. Prices of every purchase are added to automatically. 62 she has finished shopping, the customer hands her card to a cashier who 63 it to the register. A second later the 64 pops out. Shoplifting is physically impossible. Once you touch a commodity the computer remembers it 65 you hide it or 66 you eat it on the spot. A cashier at the OK supermarket is now able to work 15 times faster than her 67 at a conventional supermarket. 68 , are required at the store, which 69 2500 separate items. One man is enough to keep the vending machine filled, because 70 the stock for a certain commodity is at least to run out a red lamp in the computer room sees him.

56. A. mistake B. made C. done D. problems

57. A. together B. up C. along D. on

58. A. with B. without C. carrying D. under

59. A. collected B. filled C. sent D. shown

60. A. those B. what C. the number D. whichever

61. A. shouts B. knows C. calculates D. puts

62. A. Before B. Immediately C. After all D. When

63. A. opens B. feeds C. reads D. connects

64. A. cash B. money C. changes D. total

65. A. except B. in spite of C. no matter how D. the way

66. A. before B. when C. even if D. watches

67. A. friend B. colleague C. company D. neighbor

68. A. for instance B. still C. later D. however

69. A. loses B. needs C. sells D. deals

70. A. there B. whenever C. most D. of

PART Ⅳ READING COMPREHENSION (30 points)

Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by several questions about it. Read the passages carefully and to each question choose the best answer A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by blackening the corresponding letter with a pencil.

Passage One

In the late 1960’s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel and glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities.

Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts —enough to support the entire city of Albany New York for a day.

Glasswalled skyscrapers can be specially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and

air-conditioning equipment builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.

Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city’s sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year-as much as a city the size of Stanford Connecticut which has a population of more than 109,000.

Skyscrapers also interfere with television reception block bird flyways and obstruct air traffic. In Boston in the late 1960’s some people even feared that shadows from skyscrapers would kill the grass on Boston Common.

Still, people continue to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them –personal ambition, civic pride, and the desire of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable spare.

71. The man purpose of the passage is to______.

A. compare skyscrapers with other structures

B. describe skyscrapers and their effect on the environment

C. advocate the use of masonry in the construction of skyscrapers

D. illustrate some architectural designs of skyscrapers

72. According to the passage, what is one disadvantage of skyscrapers that have mirrored walls?

A. The exterior surrounding air is heated.

B. The windows must be cleaned daily.

C. Construction time is increased.

D. Extra air-conditioning equipment is needed.

73. According to the passage, in the late 1960’s some residents of Boston were concerned with which aspect of skyscrapers?

A. The noise from their construction

B. The removal of trees from building sites

C. the harmful effects on the city’s grass

D. The high cost of rentable office space

74. The author raise issues that would most concern which of the following groups?

A. Electricians

B. Environmentalists

C. Aviators

D. Teachers

75. Where in the passage does the author compare the energy consumption of skyscrapers with that of a city?

A. Lines 5-8

B. Lines 13-14

C. Lines 19-21

D. Lines 22-24

Passage Two

I was 22 years old when I was finally received into the church, but I still suffered from an adolescent’s suffocating sons that brought me in love of poetry and rhetoric, sense of history, cosmic distress and indignation. Somehow I felt that some of Mother Church’s ancient glamour might rub off on me and that I might

somehow be transformed by it and become part of its mystery.

Of course, that’s not the way it works at all. I believe now that grace grows from within slow but very sure. Shortly after becoming a barrister, when I was 27, in a moment of high hope and idealism and making common cause with the man I had recently married, fought to abolish the death penalty. All but a small circle of friends, whom I shall Honor for ever fell away. Professional doors banged shut.

We went to live on the Greek islands of Mikonos. It is a strange place, treeless. From the roof or our house at Virst we could see seven islands in summer lying like dolphins, encircling the whitewashed pigeon house where we make our home.

At the tiny church we mad ea group of five, Joseph the tailor, my husband and I and another English couple. We went to enjoy each other’s company as much as to have the pleaure of hearing the service. If the priest didn’t come-as he often couldn’t when the wind blew at force Nine-it didn’t particularly matter. We stayed on to have a drink under the trees and watch the sun set.

Years later. I went back to that island with my two sons. Milonos itself had changed not for the better, it had changed from my village into a city where I knew only one person in a hundred.

]The church at Alefantare had changed too. It was packed with a multi-racial group. A priest arrived to say Mass, but there was no one available to serve at alter(祭坛).

“Go on.” I said to my son, “you do it.” Unselfconsciously, without hesitation, he took the bell and went up to the alter followed by his brother. It was a moment of timeless, happiness-of total reconciliation.

Outside, under the blazing sun, the wind was roaring through the trees of Alefantare. Inside, I felt a total synthesis of all reasons, all motives, and motives, and I knew that for this moment I had come into the world.

76. The writer felt that by becoming a member of the church______.

A. she had finally been accepted by society

B. she would be charged in some way

C. she would finally understand the mystery of religion

D. she had fulfilled the purpose of her education.

77. The writer had only just become a barrister when______.

A. she decided to give up her career to get married

B. she had married someone who disagreed with the abolition of the death penalty

C. she lost a small circle of friends of whom she was very fond

D. she made herself extremely unpopular with her contemporaries

78. The writer and her husband went to live on Mikonos where______.

A. they had an elegant house built for them

B. they spent all summer lying in the sun on the rooftop

C. they found an usual house to live in

D. they spent all summer visiting the surrounding islands

79. She and her husband were regular visitors to the small church on the island because______.

A. they treated the service as both a religious and a social occasion

B. they enjoyed attending talking to the priest when the service had finished

C. they enjoyed attending a service out-of-doors

D. they had a drink with the priest after the service

80. While attending a service at the same little church the experienced a feeling of______.

A. unselfconsciousness

B. total nothingness

C. momentary doubt

D. self-fulfillment

Passage Three

A Marxist sociologist has argued that racism stems from the class struggle that is unique to the capitalist system—that racial prejudice is generated by capitalists as a means of controlling workers. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgment against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition.” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe. However, since prejudice against these latter peoples was inspired by capitalists, he has to reason that such antagonisms were not really based race. He disposes thus(although unconvincingly) of both the intolerance faced by Jews before the rise of capitalism and the early twenty-century discrimination against Orient people in California, which inconveniently was instigated by workers.

81. The passage supplies information that would answer which of the following questions?

A. What accounts for the prejudice against the Jews in medieval Europe?

B. What conditions caused the discrimination against Oriental people in California in the early twentieth century?

C. Which groups are not in ethnic competition with each other in the United States?

D. What explanation did the Marxist sociologist give for the existence of racial prejudice?

82. The author considers the Marxist sociologist’s theses about the origins of racial prejudice to be______.

A. unoriginal

B. unpersuasive

C. offensive

D. obscure

83. It can be inferred from the passage that the Marxist sociologists would argue that in a noncapitalist society racial prejudice would be______.

A. tolerated

B. ignored

C. forbidden

D. obscure

84. According to the passage, the Marxist sociologist’s chain of resigning required him to assert that prejudice toward Oriental people in California was______.

A. directed primarily against the Chinese

B. similar in origin to prejudice against the Jews

C. understood by Oriental people as ethnic competition

D. nonracial in character

Passage Four

“High tech” and “state of the art” are two expressions that describe very modern technology. High tech is just a shorted way of saving high technology. And high technology describes any discoveries of science and engineering.

What is high tech? A computer is tech. So is a communications satellite. A modern manufacturing system is surely high tech.

High tech became a popular expression in the United States during the early 1980s. Because of improvements in technology, people could buy many kinds of products in American stores. Such as home computers, microwave ovens etc.

“State of the art” is something that is as modern as possible. It is a product that is based on the very latest methods and technology. Something that is “state of the art” is the newest possible design or product of a business or industry.

A state of the art television set, for example, uses the most modern electronic design and parts. It is the best that one can buy.

“A state of the art” is not a new expression. Engineers have used it for years, to describe the best and most modern way of doing something.

Millions of American began to use the expression in the late 1970’s. The reason was the computer revolution. Every computer company claimed that its computers were “state of the art.”

Computer technology changed so fast that a state of the art computer today might be old tomorrow, the expression “state of the art” became as common and popular as computers themselves. Now all kinds of products are said to be “state of the art.”

85. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To tell how “high tech” and “state of the art” have developed.

B. To give examples of high tech.

C. To tell what “high tech” and “state of the art” are.

D. To describe very modern technology.

86. What can we infer from the passage?

A. American stores could provide new kinds of products to the people.

B. High tech describes a technology that is not traditional.

C. “State of the art” is not as popular as “high tech”

D. A wooden plough pulled by oxen “state of the art”

87. All the following examples are high tech EXCEPT______

a. a microwave oven B. a home computer

C. a hand pump

D. a satellite

88. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Since the computer revolution, the expression “state of the art” has become popular.

B. “State of the art” means something that is the best one can buy.

C. With the rapid development of computer technology, a state of the art computer

may easily become out of date.

D. All kinds of products are “state of the art” nowadays.

89. The best title for the passage is______.

A. Computer Technology

B. High Tech and State of the Art

C. Most Advanced Technology

D. Two New Expressions

90. The expression of “the state of the art” in the passage can best be paragraphed as______.

A. art in latest form

B. the level of the development of industry or any field

C. all the advanced sciences and technologies in general

D. fine arts of the up-to-date forms

PART Ⅴ Identifying Mistakes (10 points, I for each)

Directions: Each of the following sentence has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled A, B, C, AND d. Identifying the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark out your choice in the Answer Sheet.

91. The audience seemed to believe that she sang so sweet that she would shame the

A B C

bird.

D

92. When we travel by jet and fly east or west through the six time zones, our bodies

A B

had been thrown out of whack.

C D

93. The soybean is undoubtedly the king of beans, an is rapidly becoming the widely

A B C D

most utilized bean in the world.

94. Western Nebraska generally receives little snow than does eastern Nebraska.

A B C D

95. Words, written or speaking, can communicate meaning in either form.

A B C D

96. Forgetting something usually mean an inability to find the material that is still

A B C

stored somewhere in the memory.

D

97. It soon became obviously that instead of being trained to sing she would be

A B C

trained as a dancer.

D

98. By this time of next year he will not only have learned the art, but also will

A B C

complete his duty.

D

99. Given good weather, our ship will reach London before Friday morning.

A B C D

100. If one reads a great many articles in English, you will become familiar with the

A B C D

reading course.

PART Ⅵ WRITING (10 points)

Directions: Write a passage of roughly 120 words on the topic “Part-time Education”according to the outline given below. Your writing must be clearly written on the Answer Sheet.

Outline:

1.Advantages of part-time education

2.Disadvantages of part-time education

3.My suggestions on the improvement of part-time education